This document discusses utilizing national service programs as a workforce development strategy to help opportunity youth and other disadvantaged workers. It provides an overview of the barriers faced by opportunity youth and adults without high school diplomas in securing employment. The document then outlines the benefits national service programs can provide, such as increasing social and human capital in ways that are associated with greater employment outcomes. It concludes by recommending expanding national service opportunities and maximizing their benefits through initiatives such as a Service Catalyst grant program and Opportunity Youth Service-Learning Awards.
Alternative sources of financing secondary school education in the rural coun...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on alternative sources of financing secondary education in Kisii County, Kenya. The study found the dominant alternative sources were service-based incomes (20%), commercial activities like school canteens (35%), and agricultural activities like livestock and crop farming (45%). Revenues from these alternative sources helped schools pay salaries, hire more teachers, improve facilities, and motivate students. However, 15% of schools still faced challenges securing funding. The document recommends the Kenyan government formulate policies requiring schools to pursue alternative funding to reduce reliance on unsustainable government funding and train school managers in developing alternative income sources.
The document provides briefing materials for a Task Force on Expanding National Service, including an overview of the Task Force, examples of existing CNCS partnerships, potential program models for partnerships, and background information on CNCS. The Task Force was established by Presidential Memorandum to advance federal agency and administration priorities through expanding national service opportunities. It will identify strategies to create new partnerships between federal agencies and CNCS to engage more Americans in national service and address important national needs.
The document discusses plans for a national conference on community volunteering in Namibia from December 5-7, 2006. It summarizes that the conference with 120 delegates from civil society and government aimed to recognize the important role of volunteers and their contributions. Key topics discussed included developing a code of conduct for volunteering organizations, applying for an exemption under labor laws for volunteers, and strengthening support for community volunteering. The conference highlighted the critical work of volunteers and the need for partnerships between organizations to better support and retain volunteers.
The document outlines a "People's Charter for inclusive development" put forth by an unnamed organization. It summarizes the organization's commitments in 6 areas: addressing unemployment and job creation; promoting economic growth and inclusiveness; implementing land reform for agriculture and human settlements; improving the health care system; reforming education; and establishing an inclusive development mandate. The organization pledges to tackle high youth unemployment, empower small businesses, redistribute land, expand access to health care and education, and place ordinary South Africans at the center of their programs.
The document proposes a youth empowerment project by the Kariobangi Catholic Church in Nairobi, Kenya. It aims to provide vocational skills training to 1,000 youth, small business management skills to 2,000 youth, and support income-generating activities for 1,000 youth. Approximately 4,000 youth in the area are currently unemployed, which has led to issues like crime and drug abuse. The project seeks to address unemployment by strengthening the parish's capacity and providing training to empower youth with skills for employment or self-employment.
Proposal for Youth Skills training and Empowerement Programs OPENBernard Mugume
1. The document describes a project by Focus Youth Forum to provide vocational skills training, entrepreneurship programs, and sensitization to youth in Kampala, Uganda over 5 years.
2. The project aims to train youth in various vocational skills like carpentry, tailoring, agriculture to reduce unemployment, vulnerability, and empower youth.
3. Over the 5 years, the project aims to mobilize and sensitize over 12,000 youth, reduce youth unemployment by 60%, and establish vocational training centers.
“… The goal is to “empower” the poor, to provide them with the kind of assistance that will give them the confidence that, on their own, they can break out of poverty."
Alternative sources of financing secondary school education in the rural coun...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on alternative sources of financing secondary education in Kisii County, Kenya. The study found the dominant alternative sources were service-based incomes (20%), commercial activities like school canteens (35%), and agricultural activities like livestock and crop farming (45%). Revenues from these alternative sources helped schools pay salaries, hire more teachers, improve facilities, and motivate students. However, 15% of schools still faced challenges securing funding. The document recommends the Kenyan government formulate policies requiring schools to pursue alternative funding to reduce reliance on unsustainable government funding and train school managers in developing alternative income sources.
The document provides briefing materials for a Task Force on Expanding National Service, including an overview of the Task Force, examples of existing CNCS partnerships, potential program models for partnerships, and background information on CNCS. The Task Force was established by Presidential Memorandum to advance federal agency and administration priorities through expanding national service opportunities. It will identify strategies to create new partnerships between federal agencies and CNCS to engage more Americans in national service and address important national needs.
The document discusses plans for a national conference on community volunteering in Namibia from December 5-7, 2006. It summarizes that the conference with 120 delegates from civil society and government aimed to recognize the important role of volunteers and their contributions. Key topics discussed included developing a code of conduct for volunteering organizations, applying for an exemption under labor laws for volunteers, and strengthening support for community volunteering. The conference highlighted the critical work of volunteers and the need for partnerships between organizations to better support and retain volunteers.
The document outlines a "People's Charter for inclusive development" put forth by an unnamed organization. It summarizes the organization's commitments in 6 areas: addressing unemployment and job creation; promoting economic growth and inclusiveness; implementing land reform for agriculture and human settlements; improving the health care system; reforming education; and establishing an inclusive development mandate. The organization pledges to tackle high youth unemployment, empower small businesses, redistribute land, expand access to health care and education, and place ordinary South Africans at the center of their programs.
The document proposes a youth empowerment project by the Kariobangi Catholic Church in Nairobi, Kenya. It aims to provide vocational skills training to 1,000 youth, small business management skills to 2,000 youth, and support income-generating activities for 1,000 youth. Approximately 4,000 youth in the area are currently unemployed, which has led to issues like crime and drug abuse. The project seeks to address unemployment by strengthening the parish's capacity and providing training to empower youth with skills for employment or self-employment.
Proposal for Youth Skills training and Empowerement Programs OPENBernard Mugume
1. The document describes a project by Focus Youth Forum to provide vocational skills training, entrepreneurship programs, and sensitization to youth in Kampala, Uganda over 5 years.
2. The project aims to train youth in various vocational skills like carpentry, tailoring, agriculture to reduce unemployment, vulnerability, and empower youth.
3. Over the 5 years, the project aims to mobilize and sensitize over 12,000 youth, reduce youth unemployment by 60%, and establish vocational training centers.
“… The goal is to “empower” the poor, to provide them with the kind of assistance that will give them the confidence that, on their own, they can break out of poverty."
Watsdown is a new app being developed by Focus Youth Forum to provide educational and career-building resources to Ugandan youth. It will offer skills training, entrepreneurship programs, agricultural information, and linkages to markets. Currently in beta testing, Watsdown aims to provide an alternative to WhatsApp that transforms how youth spend their time and money online. By connecting users with experts, job opportunities, and each other, Watsdown hopes to reduce unemployment and poverty among Uganda's large youth population. An initial funding round of $15,000 is being sought to support the app's launch. Market research suggests a need for an educational social media platform in Uganda, and Watsdown's business plan projects sales growth
An assesesment of the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction amo...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction among women in Ghana. It discusses how microfinance institutions and NGOs in Ghana provide financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to help poor households start small businesses to improve their incomes and escape poverty. The study found that access to microfinance had a positive and significant impact on household income. It concluded that microfinance plays an important role in improving household incomes and remains a key part of development strategies by providing affordable financial services to rural populations. However, more innovative microfinance schemes are still needed that better support asset accumulation and wealth creation for clients.
The document discusses budget priorities for the New York State Alliance of Boys & Girls Clubs. It focuses on funding for after-school programs, youth development programs, employment programs, capital projects, and juvenile justice initiatives. Key recommendations include additional funding for after-school programs, youth development programs, job training initiatives, and raising the age of juvenile jurisdiction in New York.
The document is an annual report from AWEPA (Association of European Parliamentarians for Africa) that summarizes their activities in 2006. It discusses their capacity building programs that strengthen parliaments in Africa through workshops and seminars. It provides examples of projects in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo, focusing on strengthening parliamentary oversight, women parliamentarians, and election monitoring. The report emphasizes AWEPA's role in supporting democratic development and parliamentary strengthening across Africa.
Graduation based social protection for cambodia extreme poorHang Sovannarith
This study explores activist approaches to social protection, through interventions that tackle poverty by addressing the multiple dimensions of economic exclusion of the rural extreme poor in Cambodia. It explores the potential of so-called graduation packages, which consist of a combination of transfers of productive assets, vocational training and cash payments.
The results confirm the efficiency of interventions that include a productive asset transfer on poverty reduction. The micro-simulations also indicate that these programmes are likely to promote the inclusion of beneficiary households in their local economies as a significant share of their new disposable income comes from producing activities fostered by the graduation scheme. In turn, this has the potential to boost growth in the wider local and national economies. Both poverty and economic growth impacts are likely to last beyond the programme implementation period, as the catalytic effects of productive assets and professional skills persist after programmes have ended. These latter effects are over and above the impact of a cash-only transfer.
This document discusses the educational status of children in India and various organizations working to improve access and quality of education. It notes that over 40% of India's population is children and many face barriers to schooling due to socioeconomic factors. Several NGOs are working to address these issues through initiatives like residential schools, literacy programs, vocational training and empowering marginalized communities. However, some limitations of NGOs are a lack of funding, accountability and failure to take a rights-based approach or pressure governments to fulfill their responsibilities. Alternatives suggested include making education more accessible, using activity-based and life skills learning integrated with local knowledge.
How can haiti prepare for disruption in the future of workOnyl GEDEON
The nature of work is changing. People will need to adapt and readapt. The Haitian government must invest in early childhood education and health and build a lifelong learning system that will allow the Haitian youngs and adults to be reskilled and/or upskilled in many cases. Also, it must build a social protection system that will promote a renewed social contract. In order to do so, the government may conduct tax reforms that will allow the leaders to find the financial means they need.
022817 DONALD TRUMP - HBCU EXECUTIVE ORDERVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is a copy of the 02/28/17 Executive Order issued by the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime’s President Donald Trump regarding Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).
We are aware of the BLACK Ku Klux Klan Members being used by the WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacist Group and their TERRORIST/RACIST Organizations! We are NOT here to Play Patty Cake with these HOUSE Niggeroes!
This document will be used in an Article that is being prepared to support the NEW Government that is going to be established!
For those who may NOT KNOW, the Declaration of Independence was Executed on July 4, 1776
The United States’ Constitution was Created on September 17, 1787.
The oldest black university - Cheyney University of Pennsylvania was founded in 1837.
The Emancipation Proclamation (Freeing Slaves) was Executed on January 1, 1863.
The United States’ Corporation Headquarters in Washington, D.C. on February 21, 1871.
The SECOND Ku Klux Klan Act was Executed on April 20, 1871.
The Ku Klux Klan’s Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz was ESTABLISHED in 1888.
The United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime has run out of time. It appears from HISTORY, it went about establishing its Corporation beginning with a Constitution, etc. AFTER the Declaration of Independence.
We’ll leave you WONDERING where we are going with this information that is going to support the LEGAL/LAWFUL OVERTHROW of the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime; moreover, to SUPPORT our LEGAL/LAWFUL request for INTERNATIONAL Military Support!
Can you CONNECT-THE-DOTS? Can you see the Ku Klux Klan’s INTENT? Can you see the UNLAWFUL/ILLEGAL practices and the USE of House Niggeroes to HIDE/COVER-Up Ku Klux Klan Act Violations and other RACIST Practices?
Can you hear the Chickens CLUCKING? The Chickens are COMING HOME TO ROOST!
LOL!
This document outlines Gender and Development for Cambodia's (GADC) Good Men campaign. The campaign will use GADC's Cambodia Men's Network (CMN) to train community members and local leaders on gender issues, masculinity, and preventing violence against women. CMN will hold workshops, community meetings, and outreach activities in 4 provinces to educate 4,000 people, especially youth and men, and empower them to promote gender equality and reduce domestic violence. The goal is for community groups to continue raising awareness after the initial training.
Rubrix is a publication by Yayasan MENDAKI's Research and Planning Department. This issue, "Building a Strong United Singapore", shares on the shifts in the Education landscape and its implications. It also touches on the highlights during the M3 Post-budget Policy Dialogue.
The document summarizes recommendations for enhancing the Transparent, Effective and Accountable Government (TEAG) initiative in India. It recommends that TEAG: 1) Focus on strengthening relationships to give marginalized groups a voice in decision-making, help define service agreements, and empower people to monitor providers; 2) Encourage grantees to implement pilot accountability projects rather than just research; 3) Create a practitioner network to build governance reform support.
The document provides an overview of Gender Parity Taskforces launched in Mexico, Turkey, Japan, and South Korea to promote gender parity and women's economic participation. The taskforces bring together government and business leaders to share best practices, set targets, and monitor progress. They aim to close the gender gap in these countries by 10% over three years by increasing women's representation in the workforce, promotions, and wages. The collaboration model and initial progress of taskforces in each country are described.
This document summarizes a report by Coastal Enterprises, Inc. on how Maine can better integrate immigrants into its workforce. It finds that Maine faces challenges replacing its aging workforce and needs to tap into its growing immigrant population. Through interviews, the report identifies barriers immigrants face like limited English, lack of U.S. work experience, and credential recognition challenges. It recommends Maine develop a strategic plan to attract and retain immigrants by coordinating services and raising employer awareness of immigrants' potential to address labor shortages. The plan should engage partners across sectors and develop upstream interventions to prepare young immigrants for work.
Not for Profit, not necessarily Not for GainAnthony Rippon
This document discusses improving public sector participation through public-private partnerships. It argues that partnerships between government, businesses, and community organizations can more effectively and efficiently deliver services to communities. The document examines some contexts of public-private partnerships in South Africa and how they could help realize the goals of reform programs like the Reconstruction and Development Programme and the National Development Plan to address issues like unemployment, inequality, and poverty reduction through 2030. Strategic community development involving all stakeholders working together is presented as key to long-term sustainability and growth that benefits future generations.
1) The document discusses workforce challenges facing young workers in Texas and recent policy efforts to address these challenges at both the state and local level.
2) At the state level, recent legislation aimed to strengthen career pathways in high schools, improve college advising, expand dual credit programs, and reform the state's work study program to connect students to career-relevant jobs.
3) At the local level in Houston, new programs have launched to provide youth employment and job training, though more can be done to build on these early efforts and address the specific needs of out-of-school youth.
Project Proposal: Youth Without ShelterRebecca Sivel
Project proposal written for Youth Without Shelter, A homeless youth shelter in the west end of Toronto. This proposal address mental illness among homeless youth through social programming.
Youth unemployment has risen dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the Philippines and Bangsamoro Region. According to statistics, the Bangsamoro Region has the highest unemployment rate in the country at 6.6% and the lowest employment rate at 95.4%. Most of the unemployed are youth. Increasing access to job opportunities through skills training, job placement programs, and strengthened communication can help address the problem of youth unemployment in the region.
Unpaid care work disproportionately burdens women around the world, limiting their economic participation. This document outlines policy recommendations to address this issue from an OECD report. It recommends (1) designing development programs and policies that target reducing and redistributing unpaid care work; (2) increasing awareness and advocacy around recognizing unpaid care responsibilities; and (3) developing social protections like cash transfers and pensions that support caregivers without exacerbating gender roles. Monitoring impacts and engaging diverse stakeholders can help ensure policies effectively support both caregivers and care receivers.
The document outlines a lobbying plan to implement an Educational Ombudsperson in Ontario. It begins by describing issues in the education system like bullying, mental illness, and lack of accountability. An ombudsperson is proposed to investigate complaints, advocate for students, parents and teachers, and introduce solutions to problems. The plan involves grassroots campaigns like social media, petitions, and engaging community partners. It argues an ombudsperson could improve communication and be a voice for children's issues in schools.
Top 10 youth services coordinator interview questions and answerstonychoper1606
This document provides resources for preparing for a youth services coordinator interview, including sample interview questions and answers. It lists 10 common interview questions for this role, such as "Why do you want this job?" and "What challenges are you looking for?". Each question is followed by a detailed answer addressing how best to respond. In addition, the document references other useful materials on the interviewquestions360 website for practicing different interview types and formats. These materials are intended to help candidates successfully interview for youth services coordinator and related positions.
Watsdown is a new app being developed by Focus Youth Forum to provide educational and career-building resources to Ugandan youth. It will offer skills training, entrepreneurship programs, agricultural information, and linkages to markets. Currently in beta testing, Watsdown aims to provide an alternative to WhatsApp that transforms how youth spend their time and money online. By connecting users with experts, job opportunities, and each other, Watsdown hopes to reduce unemployment and poverty among Uganda's large youth population. An initial funding round of $15,000 is being sought to support the app's launch. Market research suggests a need for an educational social media platform in Uganda, and Watsdown's business plan projects sales growth
An assesesment of the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction amo...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of microfinance schemes on poverty reduction among women in Ghana. It discusses how microfinance institutions and NGOs in Ghana provide financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to help poor households start small businesses to improve their incomes and escape poverty. The study found that access to microfinance had a positive and significant impact on household income. It concluded that microfinance plays an important role in improving household incomes and remains a key part of development strategies by providing affordable financial services to rural populations. However, more innovative microfinance schemes are still needed that better support asset accumulation and wealth creation for clients.
The document discusses budget priorities for the New York State Alliance of Boys & Girls Clubs. It focuses on funding for after-school programs, youth development programs, employment programs, capital projects, and juvenile justice initiatives. Key recommendations include additional funding for after-school programs, youth development programs, job training initiatives, and raising the age of juvenile jurisdiction in New York.
The document is an annual report from AWEPA (Association of European Parliamentarians for Africa) that summarizes their activities in 2006. It discusses their capacity building programs that strengthen parliaments in Africa through workshops and seminars. It provides examples of projects in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo, focusing on strengthening parliamentary oversight, women parliamentarians, and election monitoring. The report emphasizes AWEPA's role in supporting democratic development and parliamentary strengthening across Africa.
Graduation based social protection for cambodia extreme poorHang Sovannarith
This study explores activist approaches to social protection, through interventions that tackle poverty by addressing the multiple dimensions of economic exclusion of the rural extreme poor in Cambodia. It explores the potential of so-called graduation packages, which consist of a combination of transfers of productive assets, vocational training and cash payments.
The results confirm the efficiency of interventions that include a productive asset transfer on poverty reduction. The micro-simulations also indicate that these programmes are likely to promote the inclusion of beneficiary households in their local economies as a significant share of their new disposable income comes from producing activities fostered by the graduation scheme. In turn, this has the potential to boost growth in the wider local and national economies. Both poverty and economic growth impacts are likely to last beyond the programme implementation period, as the catalytic effects of productive assets and professional skills persist after programmes have ended. These latter effects are over and above the impact of a cash-only transfer.
This document discusses the educational status of children in India and various organizations working to improve access and quality of education. It notes that over 40% of India's population is children and many face barriers to schooling due to socioeconomic factors. Several NGOs are working to address these issues through initiatives like residential schools, literacy programs, vocational training and empowering marginalized communities. However, some limitations of NGOs are a lack of funding, accountability and failure to take a rights-based approach or pressure governments to fulfill their responsibilities. Alternatives suggested include making education more accessible, using activity-based and life skills learning integrated with local knowledge.
How can haiti prepare for disruption in the future of workOnyl GEDEON
The nature of work is changing. People will need to adapt and readapt. The Haitian government must invest in early childhood education and health and build a lifelong learning system that will allow the Haitian youngs and adults to be reskilled and/or upskilled in many cases. Also, it must build a social protection system that will promote a renewed social contract. In order to do so, the government may conduct tax reforms that will allow the leaders to find the financial means they need.
022817 DONALD TRUMP - HBCU EXECUTIVE ORDERVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is a copy of the 02/28/17 Executive Order issued by the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime’s President Donald Trump regarding Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).
We are aware of the BLACK Ku Klux Klan Members being used by the WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacist Group and their TERRORIST/RACIST Organizations! We are NOT here to Play Patty Cake with these HOUSE Niggeroes!
This document will be used in an Article that is being prepared to support the NEW Government that is going to be established!
For those who may NOT KNOW, the Declaration of Independence was Executed on July 4, 1776
The United States’ Constitution was Created on September 17, 1787.
The oldest black university - Cheyney University of Pennsylvania was founded in 1837.
The Emancipation Proclamation (Freeing Slaves) was Executed on January 1, 1863.
The United States’ Corporation Headquarters in Washington, D.C. on February 21, 1871.
The SECOND Ku Klux Klan Act was Executed on April 20, 1871.
The Ku Klux Klan’s Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz was ESTABLISHED in 1888.
The United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime has run out of time. It appears from HISTORY, it went about establishing its Corporation beginning with a Constitution, etc. AFTER the Declaration of Independence.
We’ll leave you WONDERING where we are going with this information that is going to support the LEGAL/LAWFUL OVERTHROW of the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime; moreover, to SUPPORT our LEGAL/LAWFUL request for INTERNATIONAL Military Support!
Can you CONNECT-THE-DOTS? Can you see the Ku Klux Klan’s INTENT? Can you see the UNLAWFUL/ILLEGAL practices and the USE of House Niggeroes to HIDE/COVER-Up Ku Klux Klan Act Violations and other RACIST Practices?
Can you hear the Chickens CLUCKING? The Chickens are COMING HOME TO ROOST!
LOL!
This document outlines Gender and Development for Cambodia's (GADC) Good Men campaign. The campaign will use GADC's Cambodia Men's Network (CMN) to train community members and local leaders on gender issues, masculinity, and preventing violence against women. CMN will hold workshops, community meetings, and outreach activities in 4 provinces to educate 4,000 people, especially youth and men, and empower them to promote gender equality and reduce domestic violence. The goal is for community groups to continue raising awareness after the initial training.
Rubrix is a publication by Yayasan MENDAKI's Research and Planning Department. This issue, "Building a Strong United Singapore", shares on the shifts in the Education landscape and its implications. It also touches on the highlights during the M3 Post-budget Policy Dialogue.
The document summarizes recommendations for enhancing the Transparent, Effective and Accountable Government (TEAG) initiative in India. It recommends that TEAG: 1) Focus on strengthening relationships to give marginalized groups a voice in decision-making, help define service agreements, and empower people to monitor providers; 2) Encourage grantees to implement pilot accountability projects rather than just research; 3) Create a practitioner network to build governance reform support.
The document provides an overview of Gender Parity Taskforces launched in Mexico, Turkey, Japan, and South Korea to promote gender parity and women's economic participation. The taskforces bring together government and business leaders to share best practices, set targets, and monitor progress. They aim to close the gender gap in these countries by 10% over three years by increasing women's representation in the workforce, promotions, and wages. The collaboration model and initial progress of taskforces in each country are described.
This document summarizes a report by Coastal Enterprises, Inc. on how Maine can better integrate immigrants into its workforce. It finds that Maine faces challenges replacing its aging workforce and needs to tap into its growing immigrant population. Through interviews, the report identifies barriers immigrants face like limited English, lack of U.S. work experience, and credential recognition challenges. It recommends Maine develop a strategic plan to attract and retain immigrants by coordinating services and raising employer awareness of immigrants' potential to address labor shortages. The plan should engage partners across sectors and develop upstream interventions to prepare young immigrants for work.
Not for Profit, not necessarily Not for GainAnthony Rippon
This document discusses improving public sector participation through public-private partnerships. It argues that partnerships between government, businesses, and community organizations can more effectively and efficiently deliver services to communities. The document examines some contexts of public-private partnerships in South Africa and how they could help realize the goals of reform programs like the Reconstruction and Development Programme and the National Development Plan to address issues like unemployment, inequality, and poverty reduction through 2030. Strategic community development involving all stakeholders working together is presented as key to long-term sustainability and growth that benefits future generations.
1) The document discusses workforce challenges facing young workers in Texas and recent policy efforts to address these challenges at both the state and local level.
2) At the state level, recent legislation aimed to strengthen career pathways in high schools, improve college advising, expand dual credit programs, and reform the state's work study program to connect students to career-relevant jobs.
3) At the local level in Houston, new programs have launched to provide youth employment and job training, though more can be done to build on these early efforts and address the specific needs of out-of-school youth.
Project Proposal: Youth Without ShelterRebecca Sivel
Project proposal written for Youth Without Shelter, A homeless youth shelter in the west end of Toronto. This proposal address mental illness among homeless youth through social programming.
Youth unemployment has risen dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the Philippines and Bangsamoro Region. According to statistics, the Bangsamoro Region has the highest unemployment rate in the country at 6.6% and the lowest employment rate at 95.4%. Most of the unemployed are youth. Increasing access to job opportunities through skills training, job placement programs, and strengthened communication can help address the problem of youth unemployment in the region.
Unpaid care work disproportionately burdens women around the world, limiting their economic participation. This document outlines policy recommendations to address this issue from an OECD report. It recommends (1) designing development programs and policies that target reducing and redistributing unpaid care work; (2) increasing awareness and advocacy around recognizing unpaid care responsibilities; and (3) developing social protections like cash transfers and pensions that support caregivers without exacerbating gender roles. Monitoring impacts and engaging diverse stakeholders can help ensure policies effectively support both caregivers and care receivers.
The document outlines a lobbying plan to implement an Educational Ombudsperson in Ontario. It begins by describing issues in the education system like bullying, mental illness, and lack of accountability. An ombudsperson is proposed to investigate complaints, advocate for students, parents and teachers, and introduce solutions to problems. The plan involves grassroots campaigns like social media, petitions, and engaging community partners. It argues an ombudsperson could improve communication and be a voice for children's issues in schools.
Top 10 youth services coordinator interview questions and answerstonychoper1606
This document provides resources for preparing for a youth services coordinator interview, including sample interview questions and answers. It lists 10 common interview questions for this role, such as "Why do you want this job?" and "What challenges are you looking for?". Each question is followed by a detailed answer addressing how best to respond. In addition, the document references other useful materials on the interviewquestions360 website for practicing different interview types and formats. These materials are intended to help candidates successfully interview for youth services coordinator and related positions.
Capgemini is a large French multinational management consulting corporation with over 180,000 employees globally. In 2015, Capgemini acquired IGATE, strengthening its positions in strategic markets. Following integration, North America became Capgemini's largest region. Capgemini exceeded its financial targets for 2015, with revenues growing 12.7% and operating margin increasing to 10.6%. Digital and cloud offerings grew 23% and now represent 22% of revenues.
The document discusses the prescription drug abuse epidemic in the United States. It provides statistics showing the rise in overdose deaths from prescription painkillers between 1999 and 2008. Certain groups are more at risk of abusing or overdosing on these drugs. "Pill mills" dispensing prescription drugs with little oversight have flourished in Florida, fueling abuse in other states. Efforts are underway to address this crisis and crack down on pill mills.
El documento habla sobre la importancia de los bancos de huesos y tejidos para realizar trasplantes que mejoran la calidad de vida de las personas. Explica que estos bancos almacenan huesos donados que son usados para injertos que permiten que pacientes sigan caminando o trabajando. También menciona los desafíos de estos bancos como la falta de donantes y creencias religiosas que se oponen a la donación.
The document is a report by the World Justice Project (WJP) on the rule of law. It presents the WJP Rule of Law Index for 2014, which measures rule of law performance in 99 countries based on surveys of over 100,000 households and experts. The Index covers 9 factors related to constraints on government powers, absence of corruption, fundamental rights, and access to justice. It finds that stronger adherence to the rule of law is associated with greater economic opportunity, public health and human rights.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 26 April 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
• Urbanization key driver towards smarter cities
• Dubai aims to enhance green credentials with PPP projects
• Mubadala Petroleum dragged into Thai oil field partners’ dispute
• Oman: MedcoEnergi seeks extension of Oman oilfields pact
• Iraq: Low prices, rising threats cool interest in Kurdish oil
• Gas giant GDF Suez changes name to Engie
• US: EIA report highlights top 100 U.S. oil and natural gas fields
• Oil surges to highest level in 2015; gold loses its shine
• Opec oil giants pump record 2m bpd in Q1
• Oil prices too fluid yet to predict in not too distant future
• GCC expected to grow by 3.4% in 2015 despite lower oil
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
This document provides information about Singapore, including contact details for the Singapore International Chamber of Commerce and the Law Society of Singapore. It also summarizes key changes to Singapore's Companies Act, including relaxing capital maintenance rules, liberalizing financial assistance restrictions, allowing share buybacks, and introducing treasury shares. Recommended law firms are also listed for banking, insolvency and restructuring, capital markets, and mergers and acquisitions.
Jornal Cidade - Lagoa da Prata - Nº 66 - 20/11/2015Jornal Cidade
O documento resume notícias locais de Lagoa da Prata. A Câmara Municipal divulgou parcialmente a relação de bens dos vereadores, conforme requerido, mas sem valores de IPTU. O secretário de Meio Ambiente acusa um vereador de colocar lotes à venda em área de preservação, ao passo que o vereador nega as acusações e alega ter proposto permuta anteriormente.
The International Finance Corporation, AXA and Accenture have produced a report on how much growth the women’s market represents for the insurance industry, and what women (particularly in emerging markets) want and need from insurance products and services. It also provides recommendations on how to attract and retain women as vital clients. This report identifies some of the major opportunities resulting from the increased presence of women in the global insurance marketplace. With increased income, women are enjoying greater spending and household bargaining power. Women represent an attractive customer base that can help insurers grow while improving their operational risks and lowering their operating costs.
Este documento fornece:
(1) Informações sobre uma dieta rápida e uma promoção de "Melhores Amigas";
(2) Anúncios de empresas para o Dia da Secretária e sobre um bazar no Dia das Crianças;
(3) Detalhes sobre a mudança de endereço de uma imobiliária.
The document summarizes a study examining the private placement market for corporate debt. Some key points:
1) The private placement market is a significant source of long-term corporate financing, with issuance volumes over 60% of the public bond market in recent years. However, it has received little academic attention due to its private nature.
2) The market differs from common misperceptions that it is mainly a substitute for public bonds or identical to bank loans. It is information-intensive, serving smaller/less well-known firms through extensive due diligence.
3) The study analyzes terms of private placements, characteristics of issuers and lenders, and explains the market structure through theories of financial
O documento resume as principais notícias e seções de uma edição de um jornal local, incluindo dicas para limpeza, eventos como rodeios e bazares, e previsões astrológicas para cada signo.
2010 Annual Report - Boys and Girls Club of BostonKristin Ede
The document is the 2010 annual report for Boys & Girls Clubs of Boston. It summarizes the organization's mission of helping young people become responsible citizens and leaders. It highlights the legacy of leadership from the organization's founding in 1893 to present day. It recognizes outgoing board chair Sandy Edgerley for her leadership and welcomes new chair Jon Davis. It provides statistics on the youth served and impact of the Boys & Girls Clubs programs.
O documento apresenta três resumos curtos sobre mães exemplares: 1) Uma diretora que trabalha com crianças e se sente como uma mãe para elas; 2) Uma avó que ama cuidar de seus netos; 3) Uma mãe que descreve a alegria de ter um filho recém-nascido. O texto também discute a prioridade no processo judicial para idosos.
O documento descreve a 21a edição da Bienal do Livro realizada em São Paulo, um evento que reuniu cerca de 350 expositores e recebeu mais de 700 mil visitantes. A autora destaca a importância de eventos culturais como este para o desenvolvimento de uma nação, por meio da educação e do estímulo à leitura, principalmente entre crianças e adolescentes.
The document discusses proceedings from the 2009 Global Competitiveness Forum held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It provides an overview of the forum's topics and sessions which centered around achieving "responsible competitiveness" in areas such as markets, energy, food, talent, and the global economic crisis. Key discussions involved balancing short-term economic needs with long-term priorities like sustainability, innovation, and developing human capital. The forum aimed to promote cooperation between governments and businesses to restore shared prosperity in a sustainable manner.
This document provides information about HEC Paris, including:
- HEC Paris has become an internationally renowned business school recognized for its programs, faculty excellence, and corporate relationships.
- It aims to attract the best students and professors worldwide to train future CEOs to deal with business and social challenges like sustainability and diversity.
- The Dean welcomes readers to the HEC Paris community to build a successful and ethical future together.
The document provides information on 5 major Indian IT and consulting companies: Capgemini, Tata Consultancy Services, Mphasis, L&T Infotech, and Patni Computer Systems. It lists the industry, year founded, founders or key leadership, headquarters location, services offered, number of employees, and website for each company. The companies range in size from approximately 12,000 employees for L&T Infotech to over 186,000 employees for Tata Consultancy Services. All of the companies provide a range of IT services and consulting and have a global customer reach.
The document provides briefing materials for a Task Force on Expanding National Service, including an overview of the Task Force, examples of existing CNCS partnerships, potential program models for partnerships, and background information on CNCS. The Task Force was established by Presidential Memorandum to advance federal agency and administration priorities through expanding national service opportunities. It will identify strategies to create new partnerships between federal agencies and CNCS to engage more Americans in national service and address important national needs.
On October 27, 2014, the American Library Association hosted “$2.2 Billion Reasons to Pay Attention to WIOA,” an interactive webinar that explored ways that public and community college libraries can receive funding for employment skills training and job search assistance from the recently-passed Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. The no-cost webinar included speakers from the U.S. Departments of Education and Labor
The document provides briefing materials for a Task Force on Expanding National Service, including an overview of the Task Force, examples of existing national service partnerships, ways that national service programs can help agencies achieve their goals, and additional context and facts about the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) and its programs. The Task Force was established by Presidential Memorandum to advance federal agency and administration priorities through expanding national service opportunities. It will seek to develop new partnerships between agencies and CNCS to engage more Americans in solving national problems through national service.
Community-based programs and education will need to adapt to changes in technology and diversity over the next 15 years. Programs will likely move online to accommodate older adults' needs for lifelong learning and continued education. Technology will drastically impact education delivery and make universities less competitive unless they also move programming online. Funding from sources like the government and AARP will be crucial for supporting programs that keep the older generation engaged through virtual classes, job skills training, and preventative healthcare information. Programs must also follow antidiscrimination laws to ensure accessibility for all members of the community regardless of background.
F DEVELOPMENT CARAVAN BOOKLET FINAL MAY 2012 (2) - CopyMarthe Muller
The document discusses the Development Caravan model of poverty eradication in South Africa. It notes that while the government has implemented various policies and programs to address poverty, gaps emerged such as a lack of a comprehensive definition of poverty, incapacitation of families, and lack of social cohesion and targeted approaches. The Development Caravan model aims to fill these gaps by providing a basket of services to targeted poor families to rebuild communities and promote self-reliance through civil society participation and mobilization of resources. It emphasizes a multidimensional view of poverty and capacity building at local levels.
The document discusses national and local policies aimed at empowering individuals and communities to better manage their own health and care. It emphasizes promoting independence and prevention by giving people control over their care through programs like individual budgets. Barnet Council and the local NHS trust need to collaborate with communities to develop support networks that encourage health, independence and prevent isolation for older residents and those with long-term needs. This will require integrating data, services, housing options and investing in initiatives that enable self-care and independent living.
This document summarizes recommendations from a policy report on breaking the cycle of poverty in young families through two-generation strategies. The two-generation approach aims to meet the needs of both parents and children simultaneously by providing services like education, workforce training, childcare and development. The report calls for policy changes at the federal, state and local levels as well as for organizations. Recommended federal policies include redefining poverty levels, increasing minimum wage and funding for existing programs. State/local policies should support blended funding and workforce development. Organizations need help with grants, data collection and collaboration. The overall goal is to provide comprehensive support for young parents and children's economic mobility.
This document summarizes recommendations from a policy report on breaking the cycle of poverty in young families through two-generation strategies. The two-generation approach aims to meet the needs of both parents and children simultaneously by providing services like education, workforce training, childcare and development. The report calls for policy changes at the federal, state and local levels as well as support for organizations implementing two-generation programs. Recommended federal policies include redefining poverty levels, increasing funding for existing programs, and providing tax relief and workforce access for working families. State/local policies should support coordination across services and funding. Organizations need help with evaluation, collaboration and accessing grants. Case studies highlight promising two-generation programs and policies in states like Washington,
Goodwill Industries International provides services to help immigrants, individuals with criminal backgrounds, disabilities, seniors, veterans and their families, and youth. They offer various skills training programs and employment opportunities through partnerships with local businesses. Some of the challenges they face include geographical constraints in serving some areas and differing programs between independent Goodwill organizations. Overall, Goodwill aims to support communities and help people achieve greater independence through work.
- Mason Bishop, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Labor for Employment and Training, testified before the Subcommittee on Select Education about reauthorizing the Older Americans Act Title V, which governs the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP).
- SCSEP serves low-income seniors aged 55 and older by providing part-time jobs and training to help prepare them for unsubsidized employment. The testimony discussed proposals to reform SCSEP, including increasing the minimum age to 65, enhancing the employment focus, and streamlining the program structure.
- The testimony supported the draft bill's improvements but proposed additionally allocating funds exclusively to states through a statutory formula to simplify administration and reduce costs.
The document discusses the Greater Cincinnati Foundation's Building a Demand-Driven Workforce Network initiative, a $17 million, 3-year partnership to align workforce training with the needs of employers in Cincinnati's priority industries of healthcare, construction, and advanced manufacturing. The initiative aims to train low-income adults for in-demand jobs while helping businesses access skilled workers. Through career pathways partnerships between businesses, educators, and community groups, the initiative identifies skills gaps, improves training programs, and creates career paths for adults to gain qualifications for good jobs. To date, over 2,400 individuals have completed training through supported initiatives, earning over 2,700 credentials with a 70-80% job placement rate.
Belize Public Service Information Day 2007--Office of GovernanceMyrtle Palacio
1) The document summarizes the First Public Service Information Day event held in Belize. It recognizes public officers who received certificates in change management and leadership.
2) It discusses the Office of Governance's efforts over the past year and a half to modernize the public service through training, establishing policies and standards, and improving information availability.
3) The Office of Governance aims to improve governance, efficiency, and transparency in the public sector by investing in human capital development and skills training for public officers.
Generalizability is the extent to which research findings from.docxfathwaitewalter
Generalizability
is the extent to which research findings from your sample population can be applicable to a larger population. There are many best practices for ensuring generalizability. Two of those are making sure the sample is as much like the population as possible and making sure that the sample size is large enough to mitigate the chance of differences within the population. For this Discussion, read the case study titled "Social Work Research: Program Evaluation" and consider how the particular study results can be generalizable.
Post
your explanation of who the sample is. Also explain steps researchers took to ensure generalizability. Be sure to discuss how the study results could possibly be generalizable. Please use the resources to support your answer.
SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH: PROGRAM EVALUTATION
Social Work Research: Program Evaluation
Major federal legislation was enacted in 1996 related to welfare reform. Financial assistance programs at the national level for low-income families have been in place since the mid-1960s through the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, or welfare reform, created TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families). Major components of the new TANF program were to limit new recipients of cash aid to no more than 2 years of TANF assistance at a time and to receive no more than 5 years of combined TANF assistance with other service programs during their lifetimes. The goal was to make public assistance a temporary, rather than a long-term, program for families with children. Beyond these general rules, each of the 50 states was given substantial latitude to adopt requirements to fit their own objectives. The new law also allowed states that reduced their public assistance expenses to keep whatever support was already being provided by the federal government for use at their own discretion. This was seen as a way to encourage states to reduce welfare dependency.
In response, the state of California decided to call its new program CalWORKs, the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids program. CalWORKs is California’s application of the new TANF federal law. Like most of the other states, CalWORKs provided its 58 counties with a fair amount of discretion in how to implement the new provisions. Some counties chose to develop strong upfront “employment-first” rules that mandated recipients be employed as soon as possible. Others chose a response that included testing and assessment and the provision of education and training services.
One of the largest counties in the San Francisco Bay Area developed several options for CalWORKs recipients, including immediate job readiness (Job Club) help, remedial education for recipients lacking basic skills, and vocational training at local community colleges and adult education centers for those seeking higher level education and skills. Recipients could ...
The Magellan Health clinical team for the Maricopa County RBHA designed and implemented a breakthrough plan for investing $27 million in Arizona state funds for peer and family roles.
The document discusses youth unemployment and lack of employability in India. It provides data showing that 47% of graduates are unemployable and lack skills like English communication and cognitive ability. To address this, it recommends public employment strategies, regulatory reforms, and leadership programs. It also advocates for positive youth development approaches like building adult relationships, leadership skills, and age-appropriate opportunities. The conclusion is that youth employment programs are needed to prepare future workforces.
The document is a briefing book for a Task Force on Expanding National Service that includes a Presidential Memorandum establishing the Task Force. The Task Force will be co-chaired by the CEO of the Corporation for National and Community Service and the Director of the Domestic Policy Council. It will include representatives from 13 cabinet departments and other federal agencies. The goal is to advance agency and administration priorities through expanding national service opportunities and partnerships between agencies and CNCS. The Task Force will focus on areas like creating interagency service corps, developing a pipeline to public service, exploring policy solutions, increasing efficiency, fostering public-private partnerships, and coordinating volunteering programs across government.
The document provides information about a Task Force on Expanding National Service, including a Presidential Memorandum establishing the Task Force. The Task Force will be co-chaired by the CEO of the Corporation for National and Community Service and the Director of the Domestic Policy Council, and will include representatives from 17 government agencies. It will aim to expand national service opportunities and partnerships to address national priorities through recommendations, coordination, interagency agreements, and public-private partnerships.
Social Work Research Program EvaluationMajor federal legislatio.docxsamuel699872
Social Work Research: Program Evaluation
Major federal legislation was enacted in 1996 related to welfare reform. Financial assistance programs at the national level for low-income families have been in place since the mid-1960s through the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, or welfare reform, created TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families). Major components of the new TANF program were to limit new recipients of cash aid to no more than 2 years of TANF assistance at a time and to receive no more than 5 years of combined TANF assistance with other service programs during their lifetimes. The goal was to make public assistance a temporary, rather than a long-term, program for families with children. Beyond these general rules, each of the 50 states was given substantial latitude to adopt requirements to fit their own objectives. The new law also allowed states that reduced their public assistance expenses to keep whatever support was already being provided by the federal government for use at their own discretion. This was seen as a way to encourage states to reduce welfare dependency.
In response, the state of California decided to call its new program CalWORKs, the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids program. CalWORKs is California’s application of the new TANF federal law. Like most of the other states, CalWORKs provided its 58 counties with a fair amount of discretion in how to implement the new provisions. Some counties chose to develop strong upfront “employment-first” rules that mandated recipients be employed as soon as possible. Others chose a response that included testing and assessment and the provision of education and training services.
One of the largest counties in the San Francisco Bay Area developed several options for CalWORKs recipients, including immediate job readiness (Job Club) help, remedial education for recipients lacking basic skills, and vocational training at local community colleges and adult education centers for those seeking higher level education and skills. Recipients could take up to 5 years to complete these activities and even longer in certain circumstances to maximize their chances of success. Recipients were predominantly single mothers. If recipients fully complied with the rules, they received a variety of financial incentives, while those who did not comply received sanctions that often resulted in reduced benefit levels. The county provided grants to a wide array of education, training, and service programs to work as partners in serving the needs of participants.
In 1996, the county’s CalWORKs program enrolled approximately 22,000 families in various forms of public assistance programs. Of these, approximately 10,000 elected to participate in one of the education and training programs, 9,000 elected to attend intensive job placement (Job Club) classes, and the remaining 3,000.
AREAS WITH BIGGEST IMPACT ON REDUCING POVERTY IN KENYA - PAUL IRUNAPAUL IRUNA
Kenya can reduce poverty through knowledge transfer programs, job creation, and human capital development. Knowledge exchange across levels can boost technology transfer and empower communities. Job creation requires aligning existing programs with unemployment types and growing employers in sectors like manufacturing. Human capital development involves expanding quality education and vocational training to equip youth with needed skills. Providing social amenities like health centers, schools, water, and electricity can also improve livelihoods. Overall, long-term solutions investing in people and communities can help sustainably reduce poverty in Kenya.
"The rise of black power had a profound effect upon the appearance of black theology. When Carmichael and other radical black activists separated themselves from King's absolute commitment to nonviolence by proclaiming black power, white Christians especially members of the clergy, called upon their black brothers and sisters in the gospel to denounce black power as unChristian. To the surprise of white Christians, the National Committee of Negro Churchmen (NNC); later to become NCBC) refused to follow their advice and instead wrote a "Black Power Statement" that was published in the New York Time, July 31, 1966.
This document provides a guide to sacred spaces in Boston, including 13 specific sites. It begins with an introduction explaining the methodology for selecting sites and provides an overview of the types of sacred spaces that can be found in Boston. The document is then divided into individual sections for each sacred site, with details on location, transportation, history, architecture, and visitor information. Sites include churches, meeting houses, cemeteries and cultural centers representing various faiths.
This document provides a guide to sacred spaces in New York City, focusing on Manhattan and Brooklyn. It includes descriptions of 14 sacred sites, including the Islamic Cultural Center of New York, Bethesda Fountain in Central Park, Central Synagogue, and St. Peter's Church. The introduction discusses the process for selecting less traveled sites and those with interesting histories of social justice and interfaith outreach. Individual site descriptions provide addresses, transportation details, histories, architectural details, and notes for visitors. The goal is to highlight the diversity of sacred spaces in the city.
The Theology of Spirituality: It's Growing Importance Amid the Transformation...Jonathan Dunnemann
Abstract: This article raises issues surrounding the theology of spirituality as a relatively new theological focus. It argues that, faced with a changing world and numerous new (or perceived as new) phenomena, the theology of spirituality, as a scholarly area examining spiritual experience, is becoming a branch of
theological research of increasing importance. The first part of this article focuses on the ever-growing areas of interest found within the theology of spirituality, a growth stemming from the core of the field itself (agere sequitur esse). The second part emphasizes the newer areas of interest within the theology
of spirituality. These new horizons arise from the pluralism of theology itself and the criteria used in differentiating theological disciplines, such as ethno-geographic, doctrinal, and ascetic-practical concerns. In particular, amid a fast-changing world in which information and mutual contact have become incredibly accessible, the interpenetration of cultures and traditions can not only be of great value but also carry the dangers of a chaotic eclecticism. As this accessibility becomes ever easier and more pervasive, contemporary human beings can thus become confused, not only about their worldviews but also concerning their spiritual and religious beliefs. Thus, research into the theology of spirituality is becoming increasingly more important.
Using an interdisciplinary approach and a phenomenological, hermeneutic, mystagogical methodology, this paper explores how children describe the deep fruits of meditation in their lives. Seventy children, aged 7 to 11, from four Irish primary schools were interviewed; all had engaged in meditation as a whole-school practice for at least two-years beforehand. The study sought to elicit from children their experience, if any, of the transcendent in meditation. It concludes that children can and do enjoy deep states of consciousness and that meditation has the capacity to nourish the innate spirituality of the child. It highlights the importance of personal spiritual experience for children and supports the introduction of meditation in primary schools.
ASSESSMENT OF CHARACTER STRENGTHS AMONG YOUTH: THE VALUES IN ACTION INVENTORY...Jonathan Dunnemann
Raising virtuous children is an ultimate goal not only of all parents and educators but also of all societies. Across different eras and cultures, identifying character strengths (virtues) and cultivating them in children and youth have been among the chief interests of philosophers, theologians, and educators. With a few exceptions, these topics have been neglected by psychologists. However, the emerging field of positive psychology specifically emphasizes
building the good life by identifying individual strengths of character and fostering them (Seligman, 2002). Character strengths are now receiving attention by psychologists interested in positive youth development.
Jon Dunnemann presented on cultivating purpose in youth. Key points included that purpose provides direction and meaning, is shaped by factors like gender and family, and leads to benefits like happiness and resilience. Purpose involves deciding what matters, nurturing one's best qualities, and making a difference. Future directions may introduce youth to examples of purpose from history that advance noble causes today.
African American spirituality provides a rich lens into the heart and soul of the black church experience, often overlooked in the Christian spiritual formation literature. By addressing this lacuna, this essay focuses on three primary shaping qualities o f history: the effects of slavery, the Civil Rights Movement under Dr. Martin Luther King’s leadership, and the emergence of the Black Church. Lour spiritual practices that influence African American spirituality highlight the historical and cultural context of being “forged in the fiery furnace,” including worship, preaching and Scripture, the community of faith and prayer, and community outreach. The essay concludes by recognizing four areas o f the lived experiences of African Americans from which the global church can glean: (1) persevering in pain and suffering, (2) turning to God for strength, (3) experiencing a living and passionate faith, and (4) affirming God’s intention for freedom and justice to be afforded to every individual.
Strengths Building, Resilience, and the Bible: A Story-Based Curriculum for A...Jonathan Dunnemann
This document proposes a story-based curriculum called Global Resilience Oral Workshops (GROW) to build resilience in adolescents around the world. It draws from positive psychology principles like character strengths and teaches problem-solving skills through Bible stories, which are available in over 750 languages. The curriculum aims to lower depression and increase well-being in adolescents, most of whom live in developing countries and prefer oral learning. It incorporates both spiritual and secular resilience strategies and can be adapted across cultures. The proposed implementation is to first pilot it with Brazilian adolescents and train community leaders to disseminate it through an audio-recorded "train the trainer" model.
Historical criticism attempts to read texts in their original situations, informed by literary and cultural conventions reconstructed from comparable texts and artifacts. African American interpretation extends this approach to questions about race and social location for the ancient text, its reception
history, and its modern readers. It arose as a corrective and alternative to white supremacist use of the Bible in moral and political arguments regarding race, civil rights, and social justice. Accordingly, African American interpretation has combined the
insights of abolitionists and activists with academic tools to demonstrate how biblical interpretation can function as an instrument of oppression, obfuscation, or opportunity. Of course, most of these developments have occurred in the larger framework of American Christianity. Yet, its analyses reach
beyond that specific setting, touching on the connections between the Bible and race in public discourse generally, whether in government, academia, or popular culture.
Appropriating Universality: The Coltranes and 1960s SpiritualityJonathan Dunnemann
The role of the Black Protestant Church has figured prominently in scholarly discussions of African American music culture, and to some extent its importance has been explored with respect to jazz. However, with the exception of the Nation of Islam, the influence of Eastern religious practices among black Americans has not been significantly researched nor have adequate connections been made between these spiritual pursuits and the musical innovations they inspired. Nevertheless, since the mid-’60s, black American artists have explored Yoga, Hinduism, various sects of Buddhism, Ahmadiya Islam, and Bahá’í. The
aesthetic impact of these pursuits has been multi-dimensional and far-reaching. In their study of Asian philosophy and religion, jazz musicians have been exposed to the sounds and musical processes they have discovered in the cultures from which these traditions have emerged. One can hear this influence in musical borrowings, such as the use of traditional instrumentation, the reworking of melodic material from folk and classical genres, and the incorporation of indigenous
improvisational and compositional techniques. Though less audible, Eastern spiritual traditions have also exerted a more abstract philosophical influence that has shaped jazz aesthetics, inspiring jazz musicians to dissolve formal and stylistic boundaries and produce works of great originality. Contextualizing the spiritual explorations of John and Alice Coltrane within American religious culture and liberation movements of the 1960s, this essay explores the way that
their eclectic appropriation of Eastern spiritual concepts and their commitment to spiritual universality not only inspired musical innovation, but also provided a counter-hegemonic, political, and cultural critique.
Who Is Jesus Christ for Us Today?
To say that Jesus Christ is the truth of the Christian story calls for further examination. It is one thing to assert that the New Testament describes Jesus as the Oppressed One who came to liberate the poor and the weak (Chap. 4); but it is quite another to ask, Who is Jesus Christ for us today? If twentieth-century Christians are to speak the truth for their sociohistorical situation, they cannot merely repeat the story of what Jesus did and said in Palestine, as if it were selfinterpreting for us today. Truth is more than the retelling of the biblical story. Truth is the divine happening that invades our contemporary situation, revealing the meaning of the past for the present so that we
are made new creatures for the future. It is therefore our commitment to the divine truth, as witnessed to in the biblical story, that requires us to investigate the connection between Jesus' words and deeds in firstcentury Palestine and our existence today. This is the crux of the christological issue that no Christian theology can avoid.
The pivotal role of religion and spirituality in the lives of African Americans marks this ethnoracial group as a particularly important target for attention in research on the psychology and sociology of religion. In this chapter we endeavor to achieve three ends: First, we briefly review literature on meanings of religiosity and spirituality among African Americans. Second, we review the literature on the link between religiosity, spirituality, and health among African Americans. Finally, we examine findings regarding the pathways by which religion and spirituality may achieve its ends.
Transformative Pedagogy, Black Theology and Participative forms of PraxisJonathan Dunnemann
This document discusses transformative pedagogy, Black theology, and participative praxis. It outlines how the author seeks to combine transformative modes of pedagogy from Paulo Freire with the liberative themes of Black theology. It summarizes key contributions from Freire, Black religious educators like Grant Shockley and Olivia Pearl Stokes, and discusses the author's own participative approach to Black theological scholarship using experiential learning exercises. The overall goal is conscientization and formation of lay people and ministers through this interactive theological education approach.
Development of a Program for the Empowerment of Black Single Mother Families ...Jonathan Dunnemann
This project developed and implemented an 8-session coping skills seminar for single mothers in the Antelope Valley Seventh-day Adventist Church. A questionnaire was used to determine topics of interest. The seminar covered finance, education, parenting, communication, and physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual self-care. Evaluation found the seminar improved participants' skills in these areas and positively impacted their well-being and the local church.
Black Males, Social Imagery, and the Disruption of Pathological IdentitiesJonathan Dunnemann
Throughout the history of the U.S., racialized groups have often had their experiences profoundly shaped by social imagery in ways that have created tremendous hardships in the quest for
self-actualization and a healthy sense of self.
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the manner in which Black males have been one of the primary victims of negative social imagery and how the remnants of these constructions continue to have contemporary influences, ....
The document summarizes the 50th anniversary celebration of the Black Student Union at Holy Cross. It discusses the impact of the first 19 black students who enrolled in 1968, including Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and Pulitzer Prize winner Edward P. Jones. It highlights the continued commitment of Holy Cross to admitting students who will lead and create positive change. The president expresses hope for the new year based on interactions with current students who are standing up against bias and building an inclusive community.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemesnarinav14
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
Bharat Mata - History of Indian culture.pdfBharat Mata
Bharat Mata Channel is an initiative towards keeping the culture of this country alive. Our effort is to spread the knowledge of Indian history, culture, religion and Vedas to the masses.
1. Utilizing National Service
as a 21st Century Workforce
Strategy for Opportunity Youth
By Tracey Ross, Shirley Sagawa, and Melissa Boteach March 2016
WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG
APPHOTO/J.SCOTTAPPLEWHITE
2. Utilizing National Service
as a 21st Century Workforce
Strategy for OpportunityYouth
By Tracey Ross, Shirley Sagawa, and Melissa Boteach March 2016
3. 1 Introduction and summary
5 Workers facing barriers to employment
9 Benefits of national service to disadvantaged workers
11 The existing foundation for national service
16 Why now is the time to grow national service
as a workforce development strategy
20 Recommendations
28 Conclusion
30 Endnotes
Contents
4. 1 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Introduction and summary
At the height of the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt created
the Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCC, as part of the New Deal. The CCC pro-
vided critically needed jobs to unskilled young men while implementing a natural
resource conservation program on public lands across the country.1
Over the course
of nine years, nearly 3 million young men participated in the CCC, earning wages,
food, shelter, and skills while planting more than 3 billion trees, combating forest
fires, and providing aid in the wake of natural disasters.2
Today, national service
programs—voluntary programs supported through publicly and privately funded
stipends and designed to foster leadership through sustained service that meets
public needs—have played a critical role in the lives of millions of Americans.
Over the past 50 years, leaders from both sides of the aisle have supported service
to meet goals of national significance. As a result, national service has been instru-
mental in tackling important challenges facing families and communities, such as
addressing underperforming schools and rehabilitating housing for low-income
families. National service also has helped foster important civic goals by bringing
together diverse groups of individuals in a common purpose and building their
sense of civic responsibility and community spirit. One of the most significant
impacts of national service, however, is on the very people who perform the service.
Currently, there are 5.6 million opportunity youth, or young adults between
ages 16 and 24 in the United States who are out of school and not working.3
By 2020, the United States is projected to experience a shortfall of 5 million
workers with education and training beyond a high school education,4
under-
scoring the urgency of connecting youth who are currently unemployed or out
of school to the jobs of the future. National service can be a powerful strategy to
help these young adults reconnect with school and work. According to a recent
report by the Corporation for National and Community Service, or CNCS, ser-
vice is associated with greater employment outcomes.5
In fact, the report shows
that service can increase the likelihood of finding employment by 51 percent
among volunteers without a high school diploma.
5. 2 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Given the barriers to employment that millions of youth and adults face, positions
that are appropriate to their circumstances often require greater investment than
opportunities targeting more educated individuals. National service initiatives,
however, remain a good investment: Every $1 invested in national service returns
$4 to society in terms of higher earnings, increased economic output, meeting
public needs, and savings to taxpayers in the form of lower spending on govern-
ment programs.6
Public- and private-sector leaders alike can advance employment for opportunity
youth and other hard-to-employ populations by working to align national service
programs with the current workforce development system. This requires expand-
ing the current national service infrastructure to address the unique needs of
opportunity youth, including enabling them to gain work experience or helping
them pursue additional education or training. National service programs also
should incorporate wraparound services—such as child care and transporta-
tion—that would enable opportunity youth to access career pathways in grow-
ing fields. In order to establish national service as a career ladder entry point for
opportunity youth, this report outlines two new initiatives that federal leaders
should implement:
• Create a Service Catalyst grant program to build capacity and incentivize
states to leverage funding streams in order to expand service programs for
opportunity youth and marginalized adults. CNCS should dedicate funds to
provide Service Catalyst matching grants to competitively selected states and
local governments. Governments should use these grants to create new service
positions that align with workforce development goals, include wraparound
services, and offer opportunities to serve and pursue education and training
simultaneously. States should engage multiple forms of funding—including
private-sector and state funds—in order to bring national service as a workforce
development strategy to scale and reduce administrative burdens on nonprofits
that host corps members. Congress should appropriate additional funds to take
this strategy to scale.
• Create Opportunity Youth Service-Learning Awards. Congress should pass
legislation to create Opportunity Youth Service-Learning Awards—to be
administered through CNCS’ National Service Trust—that can allow opportu-
nity youth to pay for education or training programs that are aligned with their
service activity while they work. This would allow opportunity youth to jump-
start their careers and earn living wages to support themselves and their families.
6. 3 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
All national service programs aiming to serve opportunity youth and marginalized
adults should integrate supportive services into existing corps programs. Young
people with the greatest challenges often need comprehensive services to suc-
ceed—from substance abuse treatment to child care support.
In addition to these two new strategies, this report includes six recommendations
to strengthen the existing national service system as a workforce development
strategy. These recommendations are geared toward 1) increasing the accessibility
of national service opportunities; 2) ensuring that such programs meet the needs
of the economy; and 3) supporting workers who experience barriers to securing
and sustaining employment.
• Make it easier for youth to find national service opportunities. In order to
ensure that more opportunity youth have access to service opportunities, gov-
ernments and organizations administering national service programs should:
connect service year opportunities to one-stop career centers that help job seek-
ers connect to a variety of career services; ensure job seekers who have turned to
the safety net are connected with information about national service opportuni-
ties; and post all AmeriCorps, YouthBuild, and other publicly funded positions
on the Service Year Exchange—a new database designed to match potential
volunteers with service opportunities.
• Reform and streamline key AmeriCorps rules to make it easier for grantees to
operate programs. These include removing barriers that discourage individuals
with criminal backgrounds from applying and increasing the amount of time
that can be spent on training programs.
• Provide technical assistance to help state and local leaders utilize the oppor-
tunities created by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, or WIOA, to
support national service. Local leaders should use WIOA’s flexibility to experi-
ment with different employment models that incorporate national service for
in-demand fields.
• Create employment incentives to hire service year graduates. Starting with fed-
eral agencies, noncompetitive hiring authority should be expanded to all service
members who complete a certain amount of high-quality and recognized service
experience. AmeriCorps VISTA and the Peace Corps already have this author-
ity, as do some youth corps, but for too short a period of time.
7. 4 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
• Incorporate national service into federal initiatives that target high-poverty
communities. Federal place-based efforts that target high-poverty communities,
such as the Choice Neighborhoods or the Promise Neighborhoods programs,
should incorporate national service positions as a way to build the capacity
of community improvement initiatives, similar to the federal Promise Zones
initiative. Having corps members who come from the communities being served
provides understanding of the community’s local history and the challenges it
faces.
• Incorporate mentoring into service programs. Programs should provide men-
tors from the community for opportunity youth engaged in national service.
Without these intentional elements, programs may not have as great an impact
on the employment outcomes of the youth who are serving. Furthermore,
diverse programs can offer social capital benefits, such as programs that place
opportunity youth and low-income community members alongside individuals
with different social networks.
This report examines how national service improves employment outcomes
for workers who face barriers to employment and makes recommendations to
expand these opportunities and maximize their benefits for those who serve, their
employers, and the U.S. economy as a whole.
8. 5 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Workers facing barriers
to employment
Despite the fact that the unemployment rate has finally reached prerecession lev-
els, such numbers mask the underlying problems in the nation’s economy, includ-
ing a declining workforce participation rate and the reality that many workers have
not reaped the benefits of the economic recovery.7
Even in a healthy economy,
however, many workers face barriers to employment—such as criminal records,
disabilities, caregiving responsibilities, limited education, and minimal work
experience. Furthermore, long-term unemployment makes it increasingly difficult
to secure a job and traps workers in joblessness.8
Opportunity youth
There are currently 5.6 million young people in the United States between ages
16 and 24 who are out of school and not working. According to a 2012 study,
young adults who are not in school or working cost taxpayers $93 billion annu-
ally and $1.6 trillion over their lifetimes in lost revenues and increased social
services.9
At the national level, 21.6 percent of African Americans, 20.3 percent
of Native Americans, and 16.4 percent of Latinos are disconnected compared
with 11.3 percent of white youth. Given their untapped potential and optimism
about their futures despite these challenges, the White House adopted the term
“opportunity youth” in a 2012 report to describe the young people currently out
of both work and school.10
According to research by Opportunity Nation—a bipartisan coalition of cross-
sector organizations working to expand economic opportunity—residential
segregation by race disproportionately harms black teenagers and young adults.11
In highly segregated metropolitan areas, black opportunity youth tend to have
higher-than-average rates of disconnection, whereas white opportunity youth tend
to have lower-than-average rates of disconnection. In nine of the metropolitan
areas studied, at least one in four black youth are disconnected. In 10 of the metro-
politan areas, at least one in five Latino youth are disconnected.12
9. 6 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
On any given day, an estimated 57,000 youth are confined in juvenile detention
and correctional facilities; hundreds of thousands more are on probation.13
These
young people are nearly twice as likely to live in poverty; three times as likely to
have a disability; and, for young women, more than three times as likely to give
birth as teens than their connected counterparts.14
Young people who have experienced multiple challenges—including drop-
ping out of traditional public schools—often need more than just skills training
to resume their education and pursue employment. Service programs such as
YouthBuild—a nonprofit primarily supported by the U.S. Department of Labor—
and other youth corps programs combine skill-building with educational oppor-
tunities and a powerful set of supports, including the chance to belong to a caring
and supportive community committed to their success.
Service is often thought of as a well-intentioned individual traveling into a com-
munity to provide service. Given that opportunity youth often have other obliga-
tions that discourage traveling for service opportunities, a national service strategy
should focus on increasing opportunities for these youth to serve locally. This
service approach turns the young person’s sense of self on its head by giving them
the chance to see themselves as valuable contributors to the community who can
make a difference—and this causes others to see them in the same light.
Adults facing barriers to employment
Today, more than 29 million adults have not completed high school.15
For these
workers, greater economic security depends on their ability to access educa-
tion and training that puts them on the road to self- and family-sustaining jobs.16
According to a report from the National Center for Education Statistics, someone
who did not complete high school will earn about $630,000 less over their lifetime
than someone who has earned at least a GED diploma.17
Further, high school
dropouts are not eligible for 90 percent of jobs in the United States.18
At the same
time, young workers in or near poverty are more educated than their counterparts
from a decade ago yet face increased economic insecurity and have difficulty
securing employment. In fact, people with a bachelor’s degree were the only edu-
cation level to experience an increase in poverty in 2014, while the poverty rates
of other education levels remained constant.19
10. 7 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
However, these impacts are not felt equally among workers. Black men without
a high school diploma are approximately 15 percentage points less likely to have
a job compared with white male high school dropouts.20
In fact, black men with
an associate’s degree have roughly the same chance of getting a job as white men
with only a high school diploma. This is due in part to discrimination during
hiring processes but also to the disproportionate prevalence of criminal records
among black workers.21
A recent study by the National Institute of Justice confirmed that a criminal
record is a powerful hiring disincentive.22
Job seekers currently on probation
or parole or who have ever been incarcerated are the most likely group to be
refused consideration for a position compared with workers without a criminal
record, and a majority of employers surveyed were unwilling to hire applicants
who had served prison time. As a result, some 60 percent of formerly incarcer-
ated individuals remain unemployed one year after their release.23
Men of color
are hit especially hard: Studies show that white male and female job seekers
with criminal records have better employment chances than black or Hispanic
applicants with similar records.24
Workers facing barriers benefit from
comprehensive supportive services
Additional supports are often necessary to put individuals who face multiple barriers
to employment on a pathway to securing quality jobs. Comprehensive programs
that enable individuals to access employment, training, and support services—such
as child care, transportation, and financial supports—are among the most promising
for opportunity youth and adults facing multiple barriers to employment.25
For example, as discussed above, affordable and high-quality child care allows
parents the flexibility and support to attend work and school. But for too many
families, the lack of access to child care presents a serious barrier to training and
employment. National service programs have been particularly helpful in address-
ing this need. AmeriCorps programs provide a child care allowance to any corps
members with an eligible dependent as a means of making service year opportuni-
ties available to a broader spectrum of individuals with family responsibilities.26
In
addition, AmeriCorps members receive health care and education awards that can
be used to pay back student loans or pay for higher education or training. Since
the creation of AmeriCorps in 1994, more than 800,000 AmeriCorps members
have earned more than $2.4 billion in education awards.27
11. 8 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Other wraparound services may be as straightforward as transportation allow-
ances or English language courses. Some participants also may benefit from job
and computer training, educational resources, financial counseling, or services
to address substance abuse or mental health barriers. In addition, people with
criminal records may be in need of legal services in order to expunge their records
or secure pardons. Given the wide range of needs, the leaders of national service
programs that integrate supportive services need to collaborate with workforce
development agencies, human services agencies, educational institutions, and
employment services agencies in order to develop successful strategies.28
12. 9 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Benefits of national service
to disadvantaged workers
According to a recent report by the Corporation for National and Community
Service, volunteering can increase social and human capital, which is associated with
greater employment outcomes.29
Specifically, the report found that out-of-work
volunteers increase their odds of finding a job by 27 percent compared with nonvol-
unteers, and the impact is greatest for those most in need of social or human capital
increases. For those without a high school diploma, volunteering was associated
with a 51 percent increase in the likelihood of finding employment; among those
living in rural areas, volunteers were 55 percent more likely to find employment.30
While this research was based on correlation and focused specifically on volunteer-
ing, the results suggest that an even stronger connection may exist between more
intensive, longer-term service experiences and employment prospects.
According to a survey of AmeriCorps alumni, participants in an AmeriCorps
program are more engaged with their communities and committed to public ser-
vice than those who did not serve. This is particularly true for people of color and
people from disadvantaged backgrounds.31
Further, AmeriCorps alumni reported
being more satisfied with their lives eight years after participating in the program
than those who did not serve.32
And according to a recent report on AmeriCorps
alumni outcomes, “a vast majority stated that they felt they made a contribution
to the community (92 percent), gained an understanding of the community they
served (93 percent), and were exposed to new ideas and ways of seeing the world
(87 percent).”33
In addition to the specific skills learned through service programs,
these experiences also allow individuals to build 21st century work skills—such as
communication, critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving, self-direction, and
teamwork—as well as cultural knowledge to guide appropriate workplace behavior.
At a recent Center for American Progress event, Jonathan Lavine, managing
director, managing partner, and chief investment officer of Sankaty Advisors
and its related funds, explained how national service provides important leader-
ship development and fosters intangible skills. “There’s a lot of tactical skills you
can teach a lot of people, and there’s a lot of ways to do it. It’s very hard to teach
people ‘going 110 percent.’ It’s very hard to teach people to lead,” he stated.34
13. 10 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Businesses are increasingly taking note of the benefits of national service. Lavine
also discussed the importance of companies such as Comcast and CSX, two of
more than 300 “Employers of National Service” that have created processes to
hire people who have completed a year of service.35
Lavine noted that both of
these companies are expanding their service programs because of the quality of
employees they have been able to attract.36
Finally, specialized programs may have particular benefits for opportunity youth.
For example, the White House Council for Community Solutions found that a
“structured, long-term service program is a viable path for opportunity youth to
connect to postsecondary education and the workforce.”37
In addition, a survey
of opportunity youth found that nearly 7 in 10, or 69 percent, want to make a
difference in the lives of others, while only 3 percent report that they are perform-
ing community service, “suggesting their disconnection from school and work is
impeding their desire to give back.”38
National service programs can build impor-
tant skills such as attendance, punctuality, teamwork, and conflict resolution skills
that can help corps members succeed in subsequent jobs. During their service
experience, corps members also may learn about careers they may not have been
exposed to previously and may, in fact, choose specific programs so that they can
try out different occupations in fields such as conservation, education, and health.39
According to a rigorous study conducted by Abt Associates Inc.—which evalu-
ates the impact of various youth corps programs—corps members experience
increased income after their service relative to a control group.40
Nearly two-thirds
of program participants said that their participation in a corps helped them secure
a job, and three out of four said the youth corps experience gave them a job-hunt-
ing advantage.41
Program participants reported extraordinarily high satisfaction
rates, with nearly 90 percent claiming to be “very satisfied” or “somewhat satisfied”
with the youth corps experience.42
14. 11 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
The existing foundation
for national service
The federal government currently provides funding for national service in a vari-
ety of ways, creating a strong foundation upon which to expand opportunity.
AmeriCorps
Founded in 1994, AmeriCorps—the largest federally supported national service
program—provides grants to organizations to run programs, as well as education
awards to those who complete a term of service, or 1,700 hours within 12 months
for full-time service.43
AmeriCorps engages more than 75,000 people in service
opportunities each year at nonprofits, schools, government agencies, and faith-
based groups, where they acquire work skills and earn money for education while
also helping communities.44
AmeriCorps also operates a residential program, the National Civilian
Community Corps—a full-time, team-based, residential program for young
people from ages 18 to 24 that strengthens communities and develops leaders
through community service. Founded as Volunteers in Service to America in
1965, AmeriCorps incorporated the VISTA national service program into its
network of programs in 1993. AmeriCorps VISTA members serve with nonprofits
and public agencies in order to create and expand programs that bring low-income
individuals and communities out of poverty. There is no age limit to participate,
though VISTA members must be at least 18.45
Nearly 1 million Americans have served in AmeriCorps over the past two
decades, and up to 250,000 individuals could serve annually based on existing
law if funding were available.46
AmeriCorps has become a proven career pathway
and source of funding for postsecondary education, demonstrating the potential
of service year opportunities to expand career and education options.47
At the
same time, AmeriCorps members have provided needed human capital to sup-
port important public services.48
15. 12 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
In 2009, President Barack Obama signed the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America
Act, a bipartisan piece of legislation that set out to increase national service
opportunities from 75,000 positions to 250,000 positions in 10 years.49
The act
set out to increase positions to meet needs in several areas, including educational
outcomes, energy conservation, public health, and economic opportunity. These
programs have been able to leverage their federal dollars to attract support from
private donors, school districts, and other funding sources to attain a scale that
could not have been achieved in the absence of federal support.
Despite the high demand from individuals wanting to serve and organizations
wanting to engage them, authorizing growth in the national service sector does
not guarantee that Congress will make the necessary funding available. Even
worse, inconsistent federal funding has created situations where organiza-
tions host AmeriCorps members one year and not the next—or where they
only receive partial funding for corps members. Congress should increase
AmeriCorps’ funding to its fully authorized level of 250,000 positions, and
the Corporation for National and Community Service should ensure that this
increase includes education awards for all YouthBuild and youth corps mem-
bers, as well as grant funding for these programs.
YouthBuild
The U.S. Department of Labor’s YouthBuild program provides funding for a
specific program model that targets opportunity youth and combines service with
education, job training, leadership development, and a wide range of additional
supports. YouthBuild USA, the national support center for the YouthBuild net-
work, has created a network of 260 urban and rural YouthBuild programs in 46
states. YouthBuild teaches low-income young adults construction skills through
building community assets, such as affordable housing, schools, playgrounds,
and community centers for low-income communities. Participants also may earn
industry-recognized certifications in health care, information technology, cus-
tomer service, logistics management, and other career tracks. While YouthBuild
has a dedicated funding stream, the programs also blend funding from several
other agencies in order to provide services offered to participants.50
16. 13 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
For more than 30 years, YouthBuild programs have given more than 140,000 low-
income youth the chance to become leaders in their communities, build their skills,
and advance their education while building a total of 30,000 units of housing.51
Last
year, 77 percent of enrollees obtained their high school diploma, GED diploma, or
an industry-recognized credential through the program;52
about 61 percent went
on to postsecondary education or jobs;53
and the recidivism rate of court-involved
youth was half the rate of comparable youth not involved in the courts.54
Youth corps
Youth corps programs, such as members of The Corps Network—an organiza-
tion that provides leadership in the corps movement and to more than 100 corps
programs throughout the country—engage thousands of youth each year.55
These
programs are authorized to work directly with CNCS and the U.S. Department of
the Interior, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development, and the U.S. Department of Transportation on service
projects such as disaster recovery and improving public lands and infrastructure.56
These corps also engage youth who are economically, physically, or educationally
disadvantaged, as well as veterans.
In July 2014, President Obama signed the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity
Act into law—the first update to the nation’s core workforce training system in
16 years.57
Youth corps and other service year programs that offer education and
training are well-positioned to be part of the new WIOA system, which provides
significant flexibility to governors to support innovative, results-oriented program-
ming; allows for employment-based approaches to workforce development; and
targets low-income adults and youth who have limited skills, lack work experience,
and face other barriers to economic success.
Federal agency corps
Some federal agencies have developed their own national service programs, often
in partnership with CNCS. A prominent example is the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, or FEMA, Corps, which deploys AmeriCorps members to
assist survivors of disasters in the United States and is projected to save taxpayers
$60 million annually when fully implemented.58
Another example is the School
17. 14 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Turnaround AmeriCorps program, which places AmeriCorps members into the
nation’s lowest-performing schools in order to create additional small-scale service
initiatives. Alternatively, federal agencies have provided fee-for-service contracts or
cooperative agreements to youth corps service programs that provide their partici-
pants with job training, academic programming, leadership skills, and additional
support services such as mental health services.
Pilot programs and new initiatives
On July 15, 2013, President Obama created the Task Force on Expanding National
Service. The task force was charged with developing strategies to expand national
service to meet national needs through collaboration with other federal agencies
and the private sector. Building on the success of FEMA Corps and the School
Turnaround AmeriCorps program, the task force established new corps programs,
such as the Youth Opportunity AmeriCorps in 2014, through which CNCS
and the U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention are investing up to $10 million over the course of three years. These
funds are dedicated to enrolling disconnected and court-involved youth in national
service programs that also involve peer mentoring, such as through the youth corps
of The Corps Network, which also has run a Civic Justice Corps Initiative.59
In addition to this important legislation, recent innovations in both the public and
private sectors offer particular promise. Numerous federal agencies have begun
pilot programs to create national service positions or have allowed youth corps
sites to use existing federal funds more creatively. CNCS has developed initiatives
that allow governors and mayors to partner to create new AmeriCorps initiatives.
These partnerships encourage the use of multiple AmeriCorps funding streams
that tackle specific local challenges. CNCS also has joined other agencies to sup-
port the Performance Partnership Pilots for Disadvantaged Youth, which enable
pilot sites to combine funding with flexibility to better serve opportunity youth.
In the private sector, a new Service Year Exchange—an online marketplace
designed to connect people with service opportunities—will make national
service a more accessible, dynamic experience. The platform will bring stakehold-
ers together in a number of ways: young people in search of service opportuni-
ties; organizations seeking to bring on corps members; and funders interested in
supporting these efforts.60
The Corps Network is developing a system to accredit
18. 15 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
youth corps and collaborating with the Service Year Exchange to develop oppor-
tunities for corps members to earn college credit as well as microcredentials—also
known as badges—to demonstrate to prospective employers that they have devel-
oped specific 21st century skills.
These developments offer a strong platform to increase the number of service
year positions and tie them to national economic and anti-poverty goals, as
discussed below.
19. 16 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Why now is the time to grow
national service as a workforce
development strategy
With a looming shortfall of skilled workers coupled with high numbers of youth
and unemployed adults seeking new pathways to opportunity, the time is right to
reconsider and reposition national service as a workforce development strategy.
Importantly, much of this work could be done without new authorizing legisla-
tion, as the foundational pieces have already been laid.
Growing industries
The recession that began in 2007 had a major impact on employment, which in
many ways has only recently rebounded.61
While many sectors were forced to
lay off workers, some sectors, such as health care, actually grew. According to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, the health care and social assistance sector will account
for almost one-third of the projected job growth from 2012 to 2022.62
Specifically, the health care industry is projected to add more than 4 million jobs—
more than any other industry due to the growth in the U.S. population, aging Baby
Boomers, chronic conditions, medical advances, and health insurance reform.63
Health care jobs include work in hospitals, offices of health practitioners, nursing
and residential care facilities, and home health care services, as well as outpatient,
laboratory, and other ambulatory care services.64
By 2022, additional industries—
such as transportation and construction—will be growing and expanding as mil-
lions of workers leave the workforce. Aligning national service programs with these
growing industries can help alleviate the pending labor shortage while also provid-
ing opportunities to individuals who face barriers to employment.
20. 17 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
The bipartisan WIOA is designed to address the modern barriers that low-skilled
and low-income workers face within the U.S. workforce development system,65
help states create stronger partnerships with employers, and develop career path-
ways into family-sustaining jobs.66
Specifically, WIOA strengthens existing work-
force development and adult education programs in four ways that will benefit
adults and youth facing barriers to economic success:67
• Increasing the focus on serving the most vulnerable workers: low-income adults
and opportunity youth who have limited skills, lack work experience, and face
other barriers to economic success
• Expanding education and training options to help participants access good jobs
and advance in their careers
• Helping adults and youth “earn while they learn” through support services and
employment-based activities68
• Aligning planning and accountability policies across core programs for a more
unified approach to serve adults and youth
Governors may reserve up to 15 percent of their WIOA youth allotment for
statewide employment and training activities.69
This creates an important level
of flexibility to experiment with employment models that incorporate national
service. In addition, local WIOA funds can be used to support transitional jobs
in the private, nonprofit, and public sectors for individuals who face barriers to
employment, which also can incorporate national service.70
These changes present
an opportunity for states and local communities to become more active in fully
supporting opportunity youth and adults who face barriers to employment.71
By March 3, 2016, states must submit plans to the Department of Labor that
outline how they will take full advantage of the strategies promoted by WIOA.72
Developing these plans requires engaging a number of stakeholders, which can be
a time-consuming process. Moving forward, it is imperative that states engage their
national service stakeholders to ensure that the resources provided through WIOA
include national service as a key strategy for reimagining the workforce develop-
ment system.73
Recently, the Department of Labor’s Employment and Training
Administration worked with The Corps Network and the National Association of
Workforce Boards to highlight the ways that Workforce Development Boards and
youth corps can work more closely together to utilize some of the new flexibility in
WIOA. These include providing information on how to leverage funding, co-enroll
participants in multiple programs, and make useful services available in a one-stop
shop, rather than dispersing them throughout the city.74
21. 18 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Increased public needs
In addition to meeting the needs of a changing economy, national service can play
an important role in meeting the nation’s public needs. According to analysis by
The Washington Post, in 2000, approximately 94,000 people 60 years old and older
worked for the federal government. In 2012, that number was 262,000—mean-
ing that a large number of federal employees are now approaching retirement.75
As Baby Boomers continue to age and leave their government jobs, this will open
doors to a wave of younger workers. FEMA Corps, for example, serves a critical
role by bringing in workers to assist communities following natural disasters. The
program saves taxpayers millions of dollars while creating a pipeline of disas-
ter recovery experts who could become full-time employees at either the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security—where the program is housed—or at other
branches of the federal government.
The Obama administration is working to replicate the success of FEMA Corps in
other federal agencies. For example, the federal government recently launched a
Resilience AmeriCorps pilot program in partnership with Cities of Service—an
organization that supports local governments in launching volunteer initia-
tives—to recruit, train, and embed AmeriCorps VISTA members in up to 27
communities across the country to increase resilience to extreme weather events
in low-income areas.76
The government also has dedicated national service resources to its Promise
Zones initiative, which is designed to strengthen the federal government’s
relationship with local leaders and increase access to the resources and expertise
necessary to improve high-poverty communities.77
Communities designated
as Promise Zones receive priority access to federal funding, as well as up to five
AmeriCorps VISTA members, in order to build the organizational, administrative,
and financial capacity of organizations that serve low-income communities. While
various federal agencies have developed programs that support national service as
a strategy to advance their missions, the administration could require federal agen-
cies to identify sustainable sources of support—whether through procurement
processes, grants, incentives, or other forms of support.
Another important federal corps program is the Department of the Interior’s 21st
Century Conservation Service Corps, or 21CSC, which is designed to provide
work experience for youth and veterans while developing the future stewards of
conservation, recreation, and public resources. Participants gain work experi-
ence while protecting national parks, wildlife refuges, and other public lands and
waters, along with areas in need of disaster recovery and wildfire mitigation.78
22. 19 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
The program is operated by nonprofit organizations in coordination with numer-
ous federal departments, while local governments recruit youth and veterans to
participate.79
Federal, state, tribal, local, and nonprofit land and water managers
engage with 21CSC programs to complete projects and contribute to the cost of
the programs through regular maintenance and operational funds.80
Recently, Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) and Sen. Michael Bennet (D-CO) intro-
duced legislation—the 21st Century Conservation Service Corps Act—that
would expand the number of federal agencies that can partner with Service and
Conservation Corps programs and use existing funding mechanisms to protect
America’s public lands.81
The passage of this legislation would enable more
federal agencies to support youth and veterans through existing resources while
meeting public needs. Rep. Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) and Sen. Tom Udall (D-NM)
have introduced a similar bill in the House of Representatives—the Public
Lands Service Corps Act.82
This legislation would expand youth corps’ ability to
partner with federal agencies and serve veterans, improve the capacity of agen-
cies to work with youth corps and hire corps member graduates, and establish a
new Indian Youth Service Corps.
Service programs also are increasingly used as models for workforce develop-
ment at the local level. PowerCorpsPHL, launched in September 2013, is an
AmeriCorps program designed to support former Philadelphia Mayor Michael
Nutter’s (D) environmental initiatives, as well as the city of Philadelphia’s
youth violence prevention and workforce development priorities. Partnering
with local nonprofits EducationWorks and the Philadelphia Youth Network,
PowerCorpsPHL annually enrolls 100 young adults from ages 18 to 26 for a six-
month, full-time AmeriCorps service program with city departments, followed
by three months of intensive job placement support.83
Over the next three years,
PowerCorpsPHL plans to plant 3,000 trees; revitalize 3,000 acres of public land;
educate 18,000 residents on watershed preservation; and connect 300 young
adults to employment, postsecondary enrollment, or continued service.84
23. 20 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Recommendations
Given the persistence of barriers to employment and the rising need for a more
educated workforce, leaders across the country must expand nontraditional
pathways into the workforce development system. A recent CAP report, “A
Subsidized Jobs Program for the 21st Century,” proposed establishing a subsi-
dized jobs program that would “alleviate hardship in the short term by generating
immediate work-based income, while also providing valuable work experience
to improve workers’ employment credentials and help them escape poverty.”85
Such an effort would help employers by temporarily reducing labor costs and,
in many cases, allow employers to create jobs that would not have existed other-
wise.86
Policymakers should view national service as a complementary pathway to
employment that would focus on different employment opportunities that serve
the public, target new segments of the economy, utilize different funding streams,
and may be well-suited to specific subsets of the population.
National service is a proven method for training and employing workers facing
barriers to employment while also creating pathways to opportunity and strength-
ening national prosperity. In order to take full advantage of the opportunities
national service creates for disadvantaged workers and employers alike, federal
leaders must make a national commitment to expand access to national service.
This commitment would entail integrating service into the U.S. workforce devel-
opment system to meet economic needs and ensuring that corps members receive
the additional supports they need to take full advantage of service opportuni-
ties—including the opportunity to blend education and training with their service
experience and the opportunity to access wraparound services—to maximize
their likelihood of success.
New national service initiatives to support opportunity youth
The following recommendations will help federal, state, and local leaders
strengthen the role that national service plays in workforce development.
24. 21 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Create a new Service Catalyst Grant program and incentives
for states to leverage multiple funding streams to expand
service year opportunities and wraparound supports
Pairing national service with wraparound services is critical to the success of
opportunity youth, but few programs are currently structured this way. The
Corporation for National and Community Service should dedicate funds to
provide Service Catalyst matching grants to competitively selected states and
local governments. Governments should use this funding to create new service
positions that are aligned with workforce development goals, include wrap-
around services, and offer opportunities to serve and pursue education and
training simultaneously. Corps also could be co-applicants in order to improve
coordination throughout the process, utilize their expertise on program opera-
tion, and leverage multiple funding sources. While CNCS could establish
Service Catalyst matching grants on a small scale without authorizing legislation
by redirecting existing dollars, Congress should appropriate additional funds to
expand the reach of these matching grants.
Pilot programs that are based on measurable criteria and which CNCS deems
successful should receive three-year grants to expand these programs and develop
a path to sustainability. State and local governments should outline how corps pro-
grams that are better aligned with workforce development would work. Proposals
for such programs should include information about how their pilot would reach
the target population, potential industries it would focus on, the type of training
and skills that participants could develop, and what credentials or career pathways
are possible in fields that are likely to lead to family-sustaining wage employment.
Proposals also should outline a plan for service and part-time education—when
most appropriate for corps members—and take into account a community’s
service project needs. In addition, nonprofit entities interested in hosting corps
members should outline a streamlined way for participants to access wraparound
supports that could improve the comprehensiveness and quality of their experi-
ence. They also should identify skills that participants will develop and provide
mentors for youth involved in national service to ensure that the program has a
greater impact on employment outcomes.
25. 22 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Create Opportunity Youth Service-Learning Awards
Currently, the Segal AmeriCorps Education Award provides funding to help corps
members pay for education after their service year has ended. Given the barriers
that opportunity youth face, however, many are looking toward gaining vocational
skills and often need access to work immediately. A program tailored to their
specific needs would allow opportunity youth to gain work experience, pursue
educational opportunities, and receive wraparound services all at the same time,
enabling them to enter career pathways in growing fields sooner. Federal lead-
ers should create Opportunity Youth Service-Learning Awards that would allow
opportunity youth to pay for education or training programs aligned with their
service activity. This would allow these young people to work and go to school
simultaneously in order to jump-start their careers and provide added financial
security during their time of service.
In addition, many opportunity youth may ultimately access service year oppor-
tunities that are not financed through AmeriCorps. Because the Segal Award is
only available through AmeriCorps service programs, including a new Service
Catalyst grant program on the Service Year Exchange would help opportunity
youth access education opportunities, whether their national service position is
an AmeriCorps program or not.
The combination of Service Catalyst grants and Opportunity Youth Service-
Learning Awards would replicate the success of the Department of Labor’s
YouthBuild program and similar efforts. YouthBuild provides funding for a pro-
gram model that targets opportunity youth and combines service with education,
job training, and leadership development. The current demand for YouthBuild
programs—both from opportunity youth wanting to serve and nonprofits want-
ing to host programs—far exceeds the number of available positions.
The successful YouthBuild model should not only be expanded but also extended
into growing sectors beyond construction—such as health care and caregiving. For
example, an opportunity youth whose service activity is home care for disabled
or elderly individuals could go to school to become a nurse or gain another health
care certification, similar to accelerated learning programs or articulated courses.
Within the workforce development system, the Integrated Basic Education and
Skills Training, or I-BEST, program in Washington state—one of the country’s
premier models for states and localities to train workers and develop adult basic
skills—has proven successful, allowing simultaneous training and education.
26. 23 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
While schools often require students to complete a year or two of basic skills train-
ing before advancing their education, I-BEST students earn college or vocational
credits immediately, which allows them to earn a living wage sooner to support
themselves and their families.87
I-BEST’s students boast higher rates of success on
multiple measures compared with students enrolled in other basic-skills training
courses. For example, I-BEST’s students are three times more likely to earn college
credits and nine times more likely to earn a workforce credential, are employed
at double the number of hours per week, and earn an average of $2,310 more per
year.88
Enabling opportunity youth to access a similar workforce development
model through national service would allow them not only to overcome barriers
to a first job but also to access a job connected to a career ladder.
The federal government should provide technical assistance to help states,
localities, and nonprofits capitalize on the two new opportunities available. This
assistance would build the capacity of organizations to help opportunity youth
corps members identify and navigate options for education and assist them with
additional financial aid opportunities, career counseling, and placement upon
completion of their service year.
Strengthening the existing national service system
While creating new initiatives modeled on past successes would expand the
national service infrastructure that specifically helps opportunity youth, there are
also a number of ways that the current national service system can be strength-
ened to better support workers facing barriers: Invest in their communities and
offer opportunities for education, mentoring, and wraparound services to increase
employment opportunities.
Make it easier for youth to find opportunities
All AmeriCorps and YouthBuild programs should participate in the Service Year
Exchange to make it easier for individuals to locate positions in their communi-
ties that fit their skills and interests. A common application for corps programs
would further streamline individuals’ ability to apply for positions. In addition,
state and local leaders should connect service opportunities to one-stop shops,
which are designed to provide a full range of assistance to job seekers in one loca-
tion. Established under the Workforce Investment Act—the predecessor to the
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act—these centers offer training refer-
rals, career counseling, job listings, and similar employment-related services.
27. 24 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
In addition, federal officials should provide guidance on how states can ensure
that safety net programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or
TANF; unemployment insurance; and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program, or SNAP, formerly known as food stamps, can serve as entry points for
connecting young disadvantaged workers to service opportunities. For example,
the Western Colorado Conservation Corps—a corps program for youth from
ages 16 to 25 that focuses on local conservation projects and provides education
programs and career training—receives TANF funding through the Mesa County
Department of Human Services. The funds cover the costs associated with
training corps members, helping them with GED preparation, and day-to-day
expenses, such as food or household supplies.89
Reform key AmeriCorps rules
AmeriCorps, while effective, would greatly benefit from streamlining and
improving systems to make it easier for grantees to operate programs. In addi-
tion, several reforms could improve its ability to advance workforce opportuni-
ties for highly disadvantaged populations. For example, there is currently a 20
percent cap on the amount of time that corps members can spend on personal
and professional development. Waiving the “80/20 rule” for youth corps and
programs that provide workforce certifications could enable members serving in
selected programs to devote more time to professional development,90
which is
especially important for opportunity youth.
Similarly, AmeriCorps’ required criminal record checks should be changed
so that background checks occur only after the initial application process to
avoid prematurely ruling out candidates who are a good fit.91
This step would
be consistent with “ban the box” initiatives, such as President Obama’s execu-
tive action that directs federal agencies to not ask for information on criminal
records during the initial hiring stages.92
Support state and local leaders in using
WIOA resources to support national service
Given the projected shortfall of skilled workers, coupled with the high numbers of
youth and unemployed adults seeking employment, national service can be used
to meet the growing needs of the nation’s economy.
28. 25 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
CNCS and the Department of Labor should jointly support technical assistance
to help governors and local leaders utilize WIOA for national service positions.
Governors can reserve up to 15 percent of their state’s WIOA youth allotment for
statewide employment and training activities.93
In addition, WIOA provides funding
for a variety of youth leadership development activities, including community ser-
vice and activities that encourage civic responsibility. WIOA funds also can be used
to support transitional jobs in the private, nonprofit, and public sectors, creating an
important level of flexibility to experiment with different employment models.
As a result, state and local leaders should ensure that the goals of any new corps
programs are aligned with their broader workforce and economic develop-
ment goals established through WIOA. Further, local leaders should use WIOA
funding to support service positions tied to in-demand occupations by engaging
employers and industry sectors to define needed skills.94
Local leaders also can
help integrate national service and workforce development by creating an initial
onboarding process to ensure that participants in these WIOA-funded service
positions acquire baseline soft skills—such as time management and conflict reso-
lution—that will enhance the effectiveness of their placement. WIOA funds also
should support services that encourage career pathways, including opportunities
to gain a high school diploma or equivalent, as well as counseling to transition to
postsecondary education or permanent employment.
Create employment incentives to hire service year graduates
As mentioned earlier, the Employers of National Service initiative has created
specific programs to hire people who have completed a year of service. Launched
in 2014 by President Obama, the public-private partnership aims to “build a talent
pipeline that connects AmeriCorps and Peace Corps alumni with leading employ-
ers” across sectors.95
The initiative has allowed employers to increase access to
mission-driven employees who have a proven track record of dedication and have
acquired crucial job skills.
Given these benefits, as well as the federal government’s investment in this talent
pool, the federal government should give preference to national service alumni
during the hiring process. Applicants would continue to apply through the regular
channels, but they would receive extra points during the application process to
recognize the commitment to public service that they have already demonstrated,
as well as the hard and soft skills they have acquired through the program.
29. 26 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Incorporate national service in federal initiatives
that target high-poverty communities
Existing policy can better serve opportunity youth by engaging them in service
in their own neighborhoods and by offering them mentorship. Given that dis-
connected youth of color—particularly black teenagers and young adults—are
disproportionately affected by residential segregation, federal place-based efforts
should incorporate national service positions as a way to build the capacity of
initiatives that aim to improve communities. Currently, this strategy is employed
with the Promise Zones initiative. One of the benefits of becoming a Promise
Zone is that communities receive five full-time AmeriCorps VISTA members
who can help build capacity for the initiative, support the community’s goals, and
recruit and manage volunteers.
Other place-based efforts, such as Choice Neighborhoods or Promise
Neighborhoods, could benefit from corps members to assist in their ongoing
efforts. In addition to bringing in service members who have important skills to
offer the community, corps members who come from the communities being
served—both disconnected residents and residents who have gained valuable work
experience—provide a unique understanding of the local history and have a deeper
understanding of the challenges the community faces. This also helps foster leader-
ship from long-term residents who may be more likely to reside in the community
and contribute to its long-term success beyond their term of national service.96
Incorporate mentoring in service programs
Employment alone may not be sufficient for opportunity youth; individuals
who face multiple employment barriers often need additional support systems
to access quality jobs. Comprehensive national service programs that enable
individuals to gain work experience and supportive services—such as child care,
transportation, substance abuse treatment, expungement or record-sealing, and
financial support—are among the most promising for employment.97
National service programs should identify the skills that participants will develop
and provide mentors from the community for the youth who are serving.
Without these intentional elements, programs may not have as great of an impact
on employment outcomes for participants. Service programs must target high-
need populations and promote diverse groups of individuals serving together.
30. 27 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Placing opportunity youth and low-income community members alongside
older adults or individuals with different social networks can increase their
social capital and expose them to people who can open doors to employment.98
Additionally, peer mentoring can be another strategy to provide opportunity
youth with positive role models in their own age range.
31. 28 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Conclusion
The United States has a long history of using national service to address the chal-
lenges that many communities across the country face, while also preparing a new
generation of leaders to enter the workforce. With a looming shortfall of skilled
workers, high numbers of youth who are not in school or are unemployed, and a
changing economic landscape, national service can once again be a transformative
force to meet the country’s challenges and the needs of its workers.
The current national service infrastructure, however, is not well-positioned
to help workers who face multiple barriers, such as opportunity youth—the
workers with the greatest potential to support the nation’s economy and help
meet workforce needs in growing sectors. In order to meet the specific needs
of opportunity youth, federal leaders must expand the current national ser-
vice infrastructure to ensure that these workers gain valuable first jobs, are
positioned to pursue additional education or training that capitalizes on their
service year, and receive wraparound services that would enable them to access
career pathways in growing fields. Now is the time to ensure that national ser-
vice keeps pace with the changing tides of the country and continues to produce
benefits for individuals and communities alike.
32. 29 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
About the authors
Tracey Ross is the Associate Director of the Poverty to Prosperity Program at the
Center for American Progress. In this role, she focuses on place-based responses
to fighting poverty. Prior to joining the Center, she was a program associate at
Living Cities, where she worked on its signature effort, The Integration Initiative,
supporting cities as they work to transform broken systems to meet the needs of
low-income residents.
Shirley Sagawa is a Visiting Senior Fellow at the Center. A national expert on chil-
dren and youth policy, Sagawa has been called a “founding mother of the modern
service movement” for her work on national service. Her book The American Way
to Change highlights ways that volunteer and national service is an important but
underutilized strategy to solve problems in American communities.
Melissa Boteach is the Vice President of the Poverty to Prosperity Program at
the Center. In this capacity, she oversees the organization’s poverty policy devel-
opment and analysis, as well as its advocacy and outreach work. Previously, she
worked as a senior policy associate and the poverty campaign coordinator at the
Jewish Council for Public Affairs.
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to Carmel Martin, Angela Hanks, Sangeeta Tyagi, and Tyler Wilson
for their many contributions to this report.
33. 30 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
Endnotes
1 PBS American Experience,“Timeline: The Evolution of
the CCC,”available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ameri-
canexperience/features/timeline/ccc/ (last accessed
January 2016).
2 Joseph M. Speakman,“Into the Woods: The First Year of
the Civilian Conservation Corps,”Prologue Magazine
38 (3) (2000), available at http://www.archives.gov/
publications/prologue/2006/fall/ccc.html.
3 Reuters,“Top U.S.-Based Companies Launch the
‘100,000 Opportunities Initiative’to Create Pathways
to Economic Opportunity for Young Americans,”
Press release, July 13, 2015, available at http://
www.reuters.com/article/il-100000-opportunities-
idUSnBw135443a+100+BSW20150713.
4 Anthony P. Carnevale, Nicole Smith, and Jeff Strohl,
“Recovery: Projections of Jobs and Education Require-
ments Through 2020”(Washington: Georgetown
Public Policy Institute, 2013), available at https://cew.
georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Recov-
ery2020.FR_.Web_.pdf.
5 Christopher Spera and others,“Volunteering as a Path-
way to Employment: Does Volunteering Increase Odds
of Finding a Job for the Out of Work?”(Washington:
Corporation for National and Community Service,
2013), available at http://www.nationalservice.gov/
sites/default/files/upload/employment_research_re-
port.pdf.
6 Clive Belfield,“The Economic Value of National
Service”(Washington: Voices for National Service, Civic
Enterprises, and The Aspen Institute Franklin Project,
2013), available at http://www.aspeninstitute.org/sites/
default/files/content/docs/pubs/FranklinProject_Eco-
nomicValue_final.pdf.
7 Elisabeth Jacobs,“What Lower Labor Force Participation
Rates Tell Us about Work Opportunities and Incentives,”
Testimony before the U.S. Joint Economic Committee,
July 15, 2015, available at http://equitablegrowth.org/
declining-labor-force-participation-rate-causes-conse-
quences-path-forward/.
8 Rand Ghayad,“A Decomposition of Shifts of the
Beveridge Curve”(Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of
Boston, 2013), available at http://www.bostonfed.org/
economic/ppb/2013/ppb131.pdf.
9 Belfield,“The Economic Value of National Service.”
10 Kristen Lewis and Sarah Burd-Sharps,“Zeroing In on
Place and Race:Youth Disconnection in America’s Cities”
(Washington: Measure of America of the Social Science
Research Council, 2015), available at http://ssrc-static.
s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/
MOA-Zeroing-In-on-Place-and-Race-Final.pdf; Clive
Belfield and others,“The Economic Value of Opportunity
Youth”(Washington: Civic Enterprises, 2012), available
at http://www.civicenterprises.net/MediaLibrary/Docs/
econ_value_opportunity_youth.pdf.
11 Lewis and Burd-Sharps,“Zeroing In on Place and Race.”
12 Ibid.
13 Federal Interagency Reentry Council,“Juvenile Reentry”
(2015), available at http://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/06/Juveniles.pdf.
14 Lewis and Burd-Sharps,“Zeroing In on Place and Race.”
15 Bureau of the Census,“Educational Attainment in the
United States: 2014 - Detailed Tables,”available at
http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/
data/cps/2014/tables.html (last accessed February
2016).
16 Kisha Bird, Marcie Foster, and Evelyn Ganzglass,“New
Opportunities to Improve Economic and Career Suc-
cess for Low-Income Youth and Adults: Key Provisions
of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
(WIOA)”(Washington: Center for Law and Social Policy,
2014), available at http://www.clasp.org/resources-and-
publications/publication-1/KeyProvisionsofWIOA-Final.
pdf.
17 Chris Chapman and others,“Trends in High School
Dropout and Completion Rates in the United States:
1972-2009”(Washington: National Center for Educa-
tion Statistics, 2011), available at http://nces.ed.gov/
pubs2012/2012006.pdf.
18 Emmeline Zhao,“High School Dropout Rates For
Minority And Poor Students Disproportionately High,”
HuffPost Education, February 14, 2012, available at
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/20/high-
school-dropout-rates_n_1022221.html.
19 Melissa Boteach, Shawn Fremstad, and Rachel
West,“3 Things You May Have Missed in the New
Poverty, Income, and Inequality Data”(Washington:
Center for American Progress, 2015), available at
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/
report/2015/09/16/121148/3-things-you-may-have-
missed-in-the-new-poverty-income-and-inequality-
data/.
20 Rory O’Sullivan, Konrad Mugglestone, and Tom Allison,
“Closing the Race Gap: Alleviating Young African
American Unemployment Through Education”(Wash-
ington: Young Invincibles, 2014), available at https://
d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/yicare/pages/141/
attachments/original/1403804069/Closing_the_Race_
Gap_Ntnl_6.25.14.pdf?1403804069.
21 Ibid.
22 Scott H. Decker and others,“Criminal Stigma, Race,
Gender, and Employment: An Expanded Assessment of
the Consequences of Imprisonment for Employment”
(Washington: National Institute of Corrections, 2014),
available at http://nicic.gov/library/028063.
23 Joan Petersilia,“When Prisoners Return to the Com-
munity: Political, Economic, and Social Consequences,”
Sentencing & Corrections (9) (2000): 3, available at
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/184253.pdf.
24 Bruce Western and Becky Pettit,“Collateral Costs: Incar-
ceration’s Effect on Economic Mobility”(Washington:
The Pew Charitable Trusts, 2010), available at http://
www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/
pcs_assets/2010/collateralcosts1pdf.
25 Bird, Foster, and Ganzglass,“New Opportunities to
Improve Economic and Career Success for Low-Income
Youth and Adults.”
34. 31 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
26 The average annual cost of full-time child care at
market rates ranges from approximately $3,900 to
$15,000. Families living below the federal poverty line
who pay out of pocket for child care now spend nearly
30 percent of their income on child care, compared
with those families at 200 percent of the poverty line
or higher, who spend approximately 7 percent of their
income on child care. Although the case for providing
affordable and high-quality child care is clear when it
comes to family economic security, the ratio of federal
funding to eligible low-income children is far from
sufficient. For these reasons, CAP recently released a
proposal that would provide a high-quality Child Care
Tax Credit to help low-income and middle-class fami-
lies afford child care. See Rachel West, Melissa Boteach,
and Rebecca Vallas,“Harnessing the Child Tax Credit
as a Tool to Invest in the Next Generation”(Washing-
ton: Center for American Progress, 2015), available at
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/
report/2015/08/12/118731/harnessing-the-child-tax-
credit-as-a-tool-to-invest-in-the-next-generation/.
27 Corporation for National and Community Service,“Se-
gal AmeriCorps Education Award,”available at http://
www.nationalservice.gov/programs/americorps/segal-
americorps-education-award (last accessed January
2016).
28 Bird, Foster, and Ganzglass,“New Opportunities to
Improve Economic and Career Success for Low-Income
Youth and Adults.”
29 Spera and others,“Volunteering as a Pathway to Em-
ployment.”
30 Ibid.
31 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“Still Serving: Measuring the Eight-Year Impact of
AmeriCorps on Alumni”(2008), available at http://www.
nationalservice.gov/pdf/08_0513_longstudy_execu-
tive.pdf.
32 Ibid.
33 Gina Cardazone and others,“AmeriCorps Alumni
Outcomes Summary Report”(Washington: Corporation
for National and Community Service, 2015), available at
http://www.nationalservice.gov/sites/default/files/evi-
denceexchange/FR_CNCS_Alumni%20Outcomes%20
Survey%20Report.pdf.
34 Center for American Progress,“Making the Case for
National Service: Opportunities for Developing 21st
Century Skills and Supporting Economic Growth,”
September 16, 2015, available at https://www.ameri-
canprogress.org/events/2015/09/08/120718/making-
the-case-for-national-service/.
35 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“Search Employers of National Service,”available at http://
www.nationalservice.gov/special-initiatives/employers-
national-service/search-employers-national-service (last
accessed December 2015).
36 Center for American Progress,“Making the Case for
National Service.”
37 John Bridgeland and Tess Mason-Elder,“National Road-
map for Opportunity Youth”(Washington: Civic Enter-
prises, 2012), available at http://www.civicenterprises.
net/MediaLibrary/Docs/Opportunity%20Youth%20
National%20Roadmap%20Final%202012.pdf.
38 Ibid.
39 The White House Council for Community Solutions,
“Final Report: Community Solutions for Opportunity
Youth”(2012), available at http://www.serve.gov/sites/
default/files/ctools/12_0604whccs_finalreport.pdf.
40 Cristofer Price and others,“National Evaluation of Youth
Corps: Findings at Follow-up”(Washington: Corporation
for National and Community Service, 2011), available at
http://www.nationalservice.gov/pdf/nat_eval_youth-
corps_impactreport.pdf.
41 Ibid.
42 Ibid.
43 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“Amount, Eligibility, and Limitations of Education Awards,”
available at http://www.nationalservice.gov/programs/
americorps/segal-americorps-education-award/amount-
eligibility-and-limitations-education (last accessed Febru-
ary 2016).
44 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“AmeriCorps,”available at http://www.nationalservice.
gov/programs/americorps (last accessed December
2015).
45 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“What is AmeriCorps VISTA?”, available at http://www.
nationalservice.gov/node/12356 (last accessed Decem-
ber 2015).
46 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“AmeriCorps.”
47 Corporation for National and Community Service,“Still
Serving.”
48 Shirley Sagawa, The American Way to Change: How
National Service & Volunteers Are Transforming America
(San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010).
49 Corporation for National and Community Service,“Ed-
ward M. Kennedy Serve America Act,”available at http://
www.nationalservice.gov/about/legislation/edward-
m-kennedy-serve-america-act (last accessed January
2016).
50 Andrew Wiegand and others,“Adapting to Local
Context: Findings from the YouthBuild Evaluation
Implementation Study”(New York: MDRC, 2015), avail-
able at http://www.mdrc.org/sites/default/files/Adapt-
ing_to_Local_Context.pdf.
51 YouthBuild,“Our Impact,”available at https://www.
youthbuild.org/our-impact (last accessed January
2016).
52 Ibid.
53 Ibid.
54 Ibid.
55 The Corps Network,“About Us,”available at https://
www.corpsnetwork.org/about (last accessed January
2016).
56 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, Public
Law 141, 112th Cong., 2d sess. (July 6, 2012), available
at https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-112publ141/
pdf/PLAW-112publ141.pdf.
57 U.S. Department of Education,“OCTAE: Workforce
Innovation and Opportunity Act,”available at http://
www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae/pi/AdultEd/wioa-
reauthorization.html (last accessed January 2016).
58 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“FEMA Corps,”available at http://www.nationalservice.
gov/programs/americorps/fema-corps (last accessed
January 2016).
35. 32 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
59 Sally T. Prouty, Eugene Sofer, and Judy Karasik,“Civic
Justice Corps: Transforming Re-entry Through Service”
(Washington: The Corps Network, 2009), available at
http://corpsnetwork.org/sites/default/images/pdfs/
civic_justice_corps_transforming_reentry_through_
service_comp.pdf.
60 The Aspen Institute Franklin Project,“Service Year
Alliance: The Service Year Exchange: Technology as a
Solution,”available at http://www.franklinproject.org/
service_year_alliance (last accessed December 2015).
61 Bureau of Labor Statistics,“Industry employment and
output projections to 2022,”Monthly Labor Review
(2013), available at http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/
article/industry-employment-and-output-projections-
to-2022-1.htm.
62 Ibid.
63 Ibid.
64 Ibid.
65 Sen. Johnny Isakson,“The Workforce Innovation and
Opportunity Act: Investing in America’s Competitive-
ness,”available at http://www.isakson.senate.gov/
public/_cache/files/6b26031a-b9e3-41ce-8e1c-099f4f-
c19fe5/WIOA%20bicam%20one%20pager%20FINAL.
pdf (last accessed February 2016).
66 Melanie Anderson,“WIOA Feedback,”Opportunity
Nation Blog, June 16, 2015, available at https://oppor-
tunitynation.org/latest-news/wioa-feedback/.
67 Bird, Foster, and Ganzglass,“New Opportunities to
Improve Economic and Career Success for Low-Income
Youth and Adults.”
68 Ibid.
69 Kisha Bird and others,“Developing Pathways Out of
Poverty Through Transitional Jobs: Expanding Op-
portunities to Help Low-Income Workers Overcome
Employment Barriers with WIOA,”Webinar, March 19,
2015, available at http://www.clasp.org/resources-and-
publications/publication-1/CLASP-WIOA-Transitional-
Jobs-3.19-Final.pdf.
70 Ibid.
71 Bird, Foster, and Ganzglass,“New Opportunities to
Improve Economic and Career Success for Low-Income
Youth and Adults.”
72 Employment and Training Administration, Required
Elements for Submission of the Unified or Combined State
Plan and Plan Modifications under the Workforce Innova-
tion and Opportunity Act (U.S. Department of Labor,
2015), available at https://www.doleta.gov/wioa/docs/
Supporting_Statement.pdf.
73 Bryan Wilson and Brooke DeRenzis,“Realizing Innova-
tion and Opportunity in WIOA: A Playbook for Creating
Effective State Plans”(Washington: National Skills Coali-
tion, 2015), available at http://www.nationalskillscoali-
tion.org/resources/publications/file/2014-11-NSC-
WIOA-state-report.pdf.
74 The Corps Network,“Snapshot: Youth Corps and
Workforce Partnerships”(2015), available at https://
www.corpsnetwork.org/sites/default/images/pdfs/
Resource%20Library/Snapshot_Youth%20Corps%20
and%20Workforce%20Partnerships_2.pdf.
75 Lisa Rein,“Wave of retirements hits federal workforce,”
The Washington Post, August 26, 2013, available at
http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/wave-of-
retirements-hitting-federal-workforce/2013/08/26/97a
dacee-09b8-11e3-8974-f97ab3b3c677_story.html.
76 Corporation for National and Community Service,
“Public – Private Partnership Launches New Ameri-
Corps Program to Help Communities Build Resilience,”
Press release, July 9, 2015, available at http://www.
nationalservice.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/
public-%E2%80%93-private-partnership-launches-new-
americorps-program-help; Corporation for National and
Community Service,“Resilience AmeriCorps,”available
at http://www.nationalservice.gov/programs/ameri-
corps/resilience-americorps (last accessed February
2016).
77 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
“Promise Zones,”available at http://portal.hud.gov/hud-
portal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/
economicdevelopment/programs/pz (last accessed
January 2016).
78 National Fish and Wildlife Foundation,“21st Century
Conservation Service Corps to Engage Youth, Provide
Work Opportunities,”available at http://www.nfwf.
org/21csc/Pages/home.aspx (last accessed December
2015).
79 21st Century Conservation Service Corps,“Structure
Chart,”available at http://21csc.org/wp-content/
uploads/2014/04/21CSC-Structure-Chart_FINAL.pdf
(last accessed February 2016).
80 Ibid.
81 Levi Novey,“Senators McCain and Bennet Introduce
21st Century Conservation Service Corps Act,”Press
release, August 6, 2015, available at https://www.
corpsnetwork.org/press/senators-mccain-and-bennet-
introduce-21st-century-conservation-service-corps-act.
82 Office of Sen. Tom Udall,“Udall, Heinrich Introduce Bill
to Expand Public Lands Career Opportunities for NM
Youth,”Press release, May 6, 2015, available at http://
www.tomudall.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=1955.
83 PowerCorpsPHL,“About Us,”available at http://power-
corpsphl.org/about-us/ (last accessed December 2015).
84 Ibid.
85 Rachel West, Rebecca Vallas, and Melissa Boteach,“A
Subsidized Jobs Program for the 21st Century: Unlock-
ing Labor-Market Opportunities for All Who Seek Work”
(Washington: Center for American Progress, 2015),
available at https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/
poverty/report/2015/01/29/105622/a-subsidized-jobs-
program-for-the-21st-century/.
86 Ibid.
87 Washington State Board for Community & Technical
Colleges Adult Basic Education Office,“Washington
State Adult Education 5-year Plan – 2014-2019 with
Revised WIOA Requirements for Transition State Plan
2015-2016”(2015), available at http://www.sbctc.edu/
resources/documents/about/agency/initiatives-proj-
ects/adult-education-5-year-transition-state-plan.pdf.
88 Ibid.
89 Personal communication from Tyler Wilson, director of
government relations, The Corps Network, December
17, 2015.
90 Corporation for National and Community Service,
45 CFR Chapter XXV (Unofficial Version) Corpora-
tion for National and Community Service Part 2520
--General Provisions: AmeriCorps Subtitle C Programs
(2002), available at http://www.nationalservice.gov/
pdf/45CFR_chapterXXV.pdf.
36. 33 Center for American Progress | Utilizing National Service as a 21st Century Workforce Strategy for Opportunity Youth
91 Ari Melber,“Obama bans the box,”MSNBC, November
2, 2015, available at http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/
obama-bans-the-box.
92 Office of the Press Secretary,“FACT SHEET: President
Obama Announces New Actions to Promote Rehabilita-
tion and Reintegration for the Formerly- Incarcerated,”
Press release, November 2, 2015, available at https://
www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/02/
fact-sheet-president-obama-announces-new-actions-
promote-rehabilitation.
93 Katie Spiker,“DOL announces revised submission dates
for WIOA state plans, updates on final rules,”National
Skills Coalition Skills Blog, January 22, 2016, available
at http://www.nationalskillscoalition.org/news/blog/
archive?c=federal-policy&t=workforce-investment-act.
94 Bird and others,“Developing Pathways Out of Poverty
Through Transitional Jobs.”
95 Corporation for National and Community Service,“Em-
ployers of National Service,”available at http://www.
nationalservice.gov/sites/default/files/page/Employ-
ers_of_National_Service_Fact_Sheet_August_2015_0.
pdf (last accessed February 2016).
96 Authors’analysis of service corps programs.
97 Bird, Foster, and Ganzglass,“New Opportunities to
Improve Economic and Career Success for Low-Income
Youth and Adults.”
98 Bill Basl,“Saluting Seniors in Service,”Corporation for
National and Community Service Official Blog, May 30,
2014, available at http://nationalservice.tumblr.com/
post/87313861612/saluting-seniors-in-service.
37. 1333 H STREET, NW, 10TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 • TEL: 202-682-1611 • FAX: 202-682-1867 • WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG
Our Mission
The Center for American
Progress is an independent,
nonpartisan policy institute
that is dedicated to improving
the lives of all Americans,
through bold, progressive
ideas, as well as strong
leadership and concerted
action. Our aim is not just to
change the conversation, but
to change the country.
Our Values
As progressives, we believe
America should be a land of
boundless opportunity, where
people can climb the ladder
of economic mobility. We
believe we owe it to future
generations to protect the
planet and promote peace
and shared global prosperity.
And we believe an effective
government can earn the
trust of the American people,
champion the common
good over narrow self-interest,
and harness the strength of
our diversity.
Our Approach
We develop new policy ideas,
challenge the media to cover
the issues that truly matter,
and shape the national debate.
With policy teams in major
issue areas, American Progress
can think creatively at the
cross-section of traditional
boundaries to develop ideas
for policymakers that lead to
real change. By employing an
extensive communications
and outreach effort that we
adapt to a rapidly changing
media landscape, we move
our ideas aggressively in the
national policy debate.