This document summarizes recommendations from a policy report on breaking the cycle of poverty in young families through two-generation strategies. The two-generation approach aims to meet the needs of both parents and children simultaneously by providing services like education, workforce training, childcare and development. The report calls for policy changes at the federal, state and local levels as well as support for organizations implementing two-generation programs. Recommended federal policies include redefining poverty levels, increasing funding for existing programs, and providing tax relief and workforce access for working families. State/local policies should support coordination across services and funding. Organizations need help with evaluation, collaboration and accessing grants. Case studies highlight promising two-generation programs and policies in states like Washington,
United Way of Greater Atlanta works to address specific needs in communities through integrated services to help individuals sustain progress over time in education, income, health, and ending homelessness. By taking a collective impact approach, they are able to achieve real change beyond any single program. They make policy recommendations to state lawmakers on issues like education, workforce, health, homelessness, and meeting basic needs to further support their mission.
Federal Policy Update: Student Parent Support SymposiumMarcie Foster
Federal policy is helping student parents in several key ways, but more support is still needed. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) provide assistance for low-income families, but both face cuts. Pell Grants and tax credits help with college costs, but Pell Grants face a long-term funding shortfall. Child care assistance is underfunded despite high unmet need. Immigration reform and workforce programs also impact student parents if reauthorized properly. Upcoming budget battles and the "new normal" of austerity pose challenges to maintaining support for low-income student parents.
Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Small Grants Program ...pleasure16
This document summarizes the key role that child care assistance programs play in helping low-income parents find and maintain employment. It outlines how federal and state funding for these programs grew substantially after welfare reform in 1996, allowing more families to receive assistance. However, funding has declined since 2001 due to budget shortfalls, forcing many states to cut eligibility and create waiting lists. As a result, many low-income working families are struggling without adequate child care support.
The federal government supports early childhood education programs through several agencies and laws. Major programs include Head Start, administered by the Department of Health and Human Services since 1965 to provide preschool to low-income children. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 holds schools accountable and focuses on literacy. It established six fundamental areas including accountability, technology, and parental involvement. The document outlines the history and purposes of key federal programs and laws supporting early childhood learning and families.
1) Rapid population growth, especially among the poorest, poses difficulties for development and poverty reduction in the Philippines. Official data shows higher poverty incidence and lower human capital investment in larger families.
2) The poor prefer smaller families but are unable to achieve their preferences due to lack of access to family planning. Over half of pregnancies among the poor are unintended and unwanted births represent unmet need.
3) Ensuring access to modern family planning methods and information can help address both private and social costs of unintended pregnancies while respecting individual choice. Reproductive health and family planning programs offer benefits to individuals, the economy, and the environment.
20130718 Alger Time to Retire, Not Reauthorize, No Child Left BehindVicki Alger
The document discusses the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and argues that it should be retired rather than reauthorized. It summarizes that NCLB has failed to meaningfully improve student test scores or close achievement gaps despite massive spending. States have also lowered standards to meet NCLB targets, undermining the law's accountability. The document concludes that control over education would be better returned to states and localities, and that parental choice programs leave no child behind.
United Way of Greater Atlanta works to address specific needs in communities through integrated services to help individuals sustain progress over time in education, income, health, and ending homelessness. By taking a collective impact approach, they are able to achieve real change beyond any single program. They make policy recommendations to state lawmakers on issues like education, workforce, health, homelessness, and meeting basic needs to further support their mission.
Federal Policy Update: Student Parent Support SymposiumMarcie Foster
Federal policy is helping student parents in several key ways, but more support is still needed. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) provide assistance for low-income families, but both face cuts. Pell Grants and tax credits help with college costs, but Pell Grants face a long-term funding shortfall. Child care assistance is underfunded despite high unmet need. Immigration reform and workforce programs also impact student parents if reauthorized properly. Upcoming budget battles and the "new normal" of austerity pose challenges to maintaining support for low-income student parents.
Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Small Grants Program ...pleasure16
This document summarizes the key role that child care assistance programs play in helping low-income parents find and maintain employment. It outlines how federal and state funding for these programs grew substantially after welfare reform in 1996, allowing more families to receive assistance. However, funding has declined since 2001 due to budget shortfalls, forcing many states to cut eligibility and create waiting lists. As a result, many low-income working families are struggling without adequate child care support.
The federal government supports early childhood education programs through several agencies and laws. Major programs include Head Start, administered by the Department of Health and Human Services since 1965 to provide preschool to low-income children. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 holds schools accountable and focuses on literacy. It established six fundamental areas including accountability, technology, and parental involvement. The document outlines the history and purposes of key federal programs and laws supporting early childhood learning and families.
1) Rapid population growth, especially among the poorest, poses difficulties for development and poverty reduction in the Philippines. Official data shows higher poverty incidence and lower human capital investment in larger families.
2) The poor prefer smaller families but are unable to achieve their preferences due to lack of access to family planning. Over half of pregnancies among the poor are unintended and unwanted births represent unmet need.
3) Ensuring access to modern family planning methods and information can help address both private and social costs of unintended pregnancies while respecting individual choice. Reproductive health and family planning programs offer benefits to individuals, the economy, and the environment.
20130718 Alger Time to Retire, Not Reauthorize, No Child Left BehindVicki Alger
The document discusses the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and argues that it should be retired rather than reauthorized. It summarizes that NCLB has failed to meaningfully improve student test scores or close achievement gaps despite massive spending. States have also lowered standards to meet NCLB targets, undermining the law's accountability. The document concludes that control over education would be better returned to states and localities, and that parental choice programs leave no child behind.
The document summarizes the role of philanthropic foundations in supporting education finance reform in California that led to the Local Control Funding Formula in 2013. It describes how an informal collaboration of six foundations provided funding over many years for research, advocacy, and policy development. This included supporting the "Getting Down to Facts" research in 2005-2007 that examined school funding and laid the groundwork for future reform. When an opportunity for reform emerged in 2011-2013, the foundations worked together in a flexible, non-directive manner to ensure policymakers had quality information, while allowing each foundation and grantee to follow their own agendas. This collaboration helped create the conditions for the landmark education funding policy change.
The document summarizes a proposal from the Annie E. Casey Foundation and Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative (Casey) to reform how the federal government funds child welfare services. The proposal, titled "When Child Welfare Works", aims to align federal funding with best practices. It recommends limiting federal reimbursement for foster care to 36 months, eliminating reimbursement for shelter care and residential care of children under 13, and limiting reimbursement for residential care of older children to 12 months. The goals are to promote permanency, support family-like settings, improve workforce continuity and increase accountability. The summary analyzes the implications and challenges of implementing the Casey recommendations.
Early Childhood Sound Basic Education for All - An Action Plan for North Car...EducationNC
1) A 2004 court case in North Carolina found that the state must address the needs of at-risk children and ensure access to early childhood education as part of providing a sound basic education for all.
2) This study examined access to high-quality early childhood programs for low-income students in North Carolina. It found that while programs like Smart Start and NC Pre-K have benefits, funding has declined significantly in recent years limiting access.
3) Research shows that high-quality early childhood education can improve child health and development, lead to higher graduation rates, and provide long-term financial benefits and cost savings far outweighing the costs of the programs.
EssaysExperts.net is the only custom writing service that uses ultra modern approaches coupled with thorough training in providing high quality academic writing services. Our services will enable you achieve success and realize your academic dreams. At http://www.essaysexperts.net/ ,we are the best solution for your acdemic assignments
Social protection programs aim to achieve multiple goals such as increasing school attendance, improving health status, and encouraging higher risk economic choices. They seek to increase households' ability to manage risk and contribute to economic growth. Common types of programs include social insurance, social assistance, and labor-based interventions. Many countries are increasingly adopting conditional cash transfer programs that provide assistance to poor families contingent on children's school attendance and healthcare visits. Effective social protection programs require adequate administrative capacity and coordination between implementing organizations.
Budget cuts have affected schools across the United States since 2006. President Bush cut over $4 billion from education programs including those for disabled students and cultural programs. California proposed cutting over $4 billion from school budgets. These cuts resulted in the elimination of programs like arts, reading and those designed to help students succeed. Class sizes increased and teaching positions were cut as a result of the budget reductions. Communities attempted to raise funding through taxes while stimulus funds provided $100 billion in education aid, but schools remained in crisis.
Budget cuts have affected schools across the United States since 2006. President Bush cut over $4 billion from education programs including those for disabled students and the arts. In California alone, over $4 billion in cuts were proposed for school budgets. These cuts have resulted in the elimination of programs like reading and fine arts, increased class sizes, and cuts to teaching positions. Communities are trying to raise additional funding through taxes, but schools continue to face challenges from depleted resources.
This document proposes policies to address child poverty and economic insecurity for families in the United States. It discusses high levels of child poverty and economic inequality compared to other developed nations. Specific policies proposed include universal health insurance for children, expanded access to affordable and high-quality child care and early education, paid family and medical leave, and providing families with direct cash benefits rather than only in-kind assistance. The goal is to improve economic opportunities and outcomes for children through investments that support families and level the playing field.
The document discusses the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and early childhood education. It notes that while NCLB aims to close achievement gaps, it primarily focuses on K-12 instead of PreK-12. Research shows participation in high-quality preschool programs can help at-risk children catch up to peers. However, fewer than half of eligible children participate in early childhood education. The document examines ways to increase funding and support for early education programs, such as increasing the flexibility and amount of Title 1 funds directed to preschool.
What's the Problem? Policy Analysis of 1996 US Welfare ReformJulie Graber
This paper uses Bacchi's "What’s the Problem" policy analysis tool to examine the problem representations reflected in the 1996 US welfare reform as it was enacted and the implications of that representation in the development and implementation
Inequality in Public Education in New Jersey may be the result of a systemati...Gus Penaranda
The document discusses inequality in public education funding in New Jersey. It details the Abbott v. Burke court case that found New Jersey's school funding formula unconstitutional for not providing equal education across districts. The state implemented new funding formulas but issues remained, as poorer districts still lacked resources of wealthier districts. The document argues the problem is more deeply rooted in broader societal inequalities, and increasing funding alone cannot solve unequal outcomes between districts.
Reflections on the Implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (a.k...Vanessa Garingo
Together with friends and classmates, I conducted a research focusing on the Implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. This presentation was actually used by the team to show a sneak peak of what we have gathered and learned.
The document provides information about the Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) and prohibited actions under MEPA and Title VI regarding foster care and adoption. It defines MEPA and lists actions that are prohibited, such as using race to delay or deny placements or requiring extra scrutiny of transracial adoptive parents. It also outlines the MEPA complaint procedure and enforcement requirements for non-compliant employees or contractors.
This document provides information about Nanosyn, a contract research organization that offers various drug discovery services including high throughput screening, assay development, and medicinal chemistry services. It describes Nanosyn's microfluidic-based detection technology which allows simultaneous detection of enzyme substrates and products in a single sample run. This provides accurate and reproducible results. The technology also tolerates autofluorescent compounds and enables identification of both inhibitors and activators.
The document lists James E. Johnson's project portfolio including a Sonoma residence and pool house that is mentioned 9 times, renovations to the lobby and custom furniture for St. Paul's Towers in Oakland mentioned several times each, and single mentions of a Chafkin residence in Piedmont and a Mongillo residence in Los Altos. It also lists Johnson's work on the San Francisco Decorator Showcase House.
Andrew Swann seeks a career in sustainable agriculture applying his knowledge and experience. He has a Bachelor's degree in Agriculture from Austin Peay State University and worked in various agriculture internships and jobs including at a tobacco research center, winery, and construction sites. His experience also includes food service and sales roles developing skills in customer service, inventory management, and maintaining food safety standards.
Η Άνοιξη είναι μια συναρπαστική περίοδο της Αναγέννησης που σε όλους μας αρέσει, με τα χρώματα της, τα αρώματα, τα λουλούδια, οι αυξημένες ώρες της ηλιοφάνειας και θερμοκρασίας αλλά και ένα πολύ αγχωτικό χρονικό διάστημα για πολλούς ανθρώπους: κόπωση, αλλεργίες, αλλαγή στους ρυθμούς μας και φόρτο εργασίας συνοδεύουν αυτή την εποχή του χρόνου.
Τα Αιθέρια έλαια θα μας βοηθήσουν να προσαρμοστούμε ευκολότερα και να αντιμετωπίσουμε τις ανοιξιάτικες προκλήσεις.
Οι αλλεργικοί χρησιμοποιήστε το αιθέριο έλαιο του εστραγκόν. Ιδανικά θα πρέπει να κάνετε πριν ξεκινήσει η ανθοφορία, δηλαδή στα τέλη Φεβρουαρίου. Αλλά μπορεί να ληφθεί σε οποιαδήποτε στιγμή του έτους ως εξής:2 σταγόνες αιθέριο έλαιο σε 1 κουταλιά του γλυκού φυτικό έλαιο. Λαμβάνεται δύο φορές την ημέρα, για παράδειγμα πρωί και βράδυ.
Για όσους υποφέρουν την άνοιξη από κόπωση σας προτείνω να πάρετε κάψουλες του αιθέριου ελαίου της ρίγανης, 2-3 κάψουλες την ημέρα για δύο εβδομάδες.
Για παράδειγμα, μια το πρωί και μια άλλο το μεσημέρι.
Επίσης, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε αυτό το μείγμα
1 ml του AE (Αιθέριο Ελαίο) Citrus auriantium μας δίνει, χαρά, τα κίνητρα, τη ζωτικότητα και την όρεξη για ζωή
1 ml ΑΕ Laurus nobilis μας δίνει την αυτοπεποίθηση, την έμπνευση, τη δύναμη
1 ml της AE λεβάντας Angustifolia μας δίνει ηρεμία, και συναισθηματική ισορροπία
0,5 ml AE του Picea marian μας δίνει ενέργεια
1 ml AE του Thymus vulgaris ρυθμιστή / αναγεννητή ενέργειας του σώματος, χαρίζει ισορροπία, τη δύναμη και την αντοχή, βοηθάει στην ψυχική εξάντληση και άγχος.
Μπορείτε να εφαρμόσετε μερικές σταγόνες στους καρπούς, στα πέλματα των ποδιών και το ηλιακό πλέγμα.2 σταγόνες δύο έως τρεις φορές ανά ημέρα
Priyanka Sharma has over 6 years of experience in information technology, working on various phases of the SDLC. She has expertise in GIS technologies such as ArcGIS, ArcFM, and SQL Server. She has extensive experience analyzing, designing, developing, customizing, and implementing software applications. Priyanka has worked as a GIS analyst and application developer on projects for National Grid and PSEG, focusing on GIS support, maintenance, and upgrades.
This document provides biographical information about a laparoscopic surgeon. It includes details about his education, training, professional experience, areas of expertise, publications, teaching experience, and professional affiliations. The surgeon was born in 1959 in Luxembourg and educated in France and the Netherlands. He has over 30 years of experience performing laparoscopic surgery and has held numerous teaching positions throughout his career.
This document provides steps for using Wikispace, an online tool, to design technology-enhanced lessons for teaching conditionals. It outlines developing lessons that include watching a video on conditionals, having students complete grammar exercises on a website, and drawing conclusions from situations to reinforce understanding of using and applying conditionals. Student reaction to using this online tool for the lesson is then assessed.
This document provides a full business case analysis for United Parcel Service (UPS) to increase its global market share and customer satisfaction over the next five years. It outlines three alternative recommendations:
Alternative A focuses on improving internal operations through strategic distribution center placement, time-in-transit forecasting, automated sorting, and improved package labeling.
Alternative B addresses the growth of e-commerce through next-day delivery, package tracking, competitor research, distribution center placement, and drone technology.
Alternative C emphasizes sustainability through recycled packaging options and alternative fuel trucks to improve UPS's image and decrease long-term costs.
Each alternative provides details on scope, resources, organizational factors, external environment, cost effectiveness and
The document summarizes the role of philanthropic foundations in supporting education finance reform in California that led to the Local Control Funding Formula in 2013. It describes how an informal collaboration of six foundations provided funding over many years for research, advocacy, and policy development. This included supporting the "Getting Down to Facts" research in 2005-2007 that examined school funding and laid the groundwork for future reform. When an opportunity for reform emerged in 2011-2013, the foundations worked together in a flexible, non-directive manner to ensure policymakers had quality information, while allowing each foundation and grantee to follow their own agendas. This collaboration helped create the conditions for the landmark education funding policy change.
The document summarizes a proposal from the Annie E. Casey Foundation and Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative (Casey) to reform how the federal government funds child welfare services. The proposal, titled "When Child Welfare Works", aims to align federal funding with best practices. It recommends limiting federal reimbursement for foster care to 36 months, eliminating reimbursement for shelter care and residential care of children under 13, and limiting reimbursement for residential care of older children to 12 months. The goals are to promote permanency, support family-like settings, improve workforce continuity and increase accountability. The summary analyzes the implications and challenges of implementing the Casey recommendations.
Early Childhood Sound Basic Education for All - An Action Plan for North Car...EducationNC
1) A 2004 court case in North Carolina found that the state must address the needs of at-risk children and ensure access to early childhood education as part of providing a sound basic education for all.
2) This study examined access to high-quality early childhood programs for low-income students in North Carolina. It found that while programs like Smart Start and NC Pre-K have benefits, funding has declined significantly in recent years limiting access.
3) Research shows that high-quality early childhood education can improve child health and development, lead to higher graduation rates, and provide long-term financial benefits and cost savings far outweighing the costs of the programs.
EssaysExperts.net is the only custom writing service that uses ultra modern approaches coupled with thorough training in providing high quality academic writing services. Our services will enable you achieve success and realize your academic dreams. At http://www.essaysexperts.net/ ,we are the best solution for your acdemic assignments
Social protection programs aim to achieve multiple goals such as increasing school attendance, improving health status, and encouraging higher risk economic choices. They seek to increase households' ability to manage risk and contribute to economic growth. Common types of programs include social insurance, social assistance, and labor-based interventions. Many countries are increasingly adopting conditional cash transfer programs that provide assistance to poor families contingent on children's school attendance and healthcare visits. Effective social protection programs require adequate administrative capacity and coordination between implementing organizations.
Budget cuts have affected schools across the United States since 2006. President Bush cut over $4 billion from education programs including those for disabled students and cultural programs. California proposed cutting over $4 billion from school budgets. These cuts resulted in the elimination of programs like arts, reading and those designed to help students succeed. Class sizes increased and teaching positions were cut as a result of the budget reductions. Communities attempted to raise funding through taxes while stimulus funds provided $100 billion in education aid, but schools remained in crisis.
Budget cuts have affected schools across the United States since 2006. President Bush cut over $4 billion from education programs including those for disabled students and the arts. In California alone, over $4 billion in cuts were proposed for school budgets. These cuts have resulted in the elimination of programs like reading and fine arts, increased class sizes, and cuts to teaching positions. Communities are trying to raise additional funding through taxes, but schools continue to face challenges from depleted resources.
This document proposes policies to address child poverty and economic insecurity for families in the United States. It discusses high levels of child poverty and economic inequality compared to other developed nations. Specific policies proposed include universal health insurance for children, expanded access to affordable and high-quality child care and early education, paid family and medical leave, and providing families with direct cash benefits rather than only in-kind assistance. The goal is to improve economic opportunities and outcomes for children through investments that support families and level the playing field.
The document discusses the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and early childhood education. It notes that while NCLB aims to close achievement gaps, it primarily focuses on K-12 instead of PreK-12. Research shows participation in high-quality preschool programs can help at-risk children catch up to peers. However, fewer than half of eligible children participate in early childhood education. The document examines ways to increase funding and support for early education programs, such as increasing the flexibility and amount of Title 1 funds directed to preschool.
What's the Problem? Policy Analysis of 1996 US Welfare ReformJulie Graber
This paper uses Bacchi's "What’s the Problem" policy analysis tool to examine the problem representations reflected in the 1996 US welfare reform as it was enacted and the implications of that representation in the development and implementation
Inequality in Public Education in New Jersey may be the result of a systemati...Gus Penaranda
The document discusses inequality in public education funding in New Jersey. It details the Abbott v. Burke court case that found New Jersey's school funding formula unconstitutional for not providing equal education across districts. The state implemented new funding formulas but issues remained, as poorer districts still lacked resources of wealthier districts. The document argues the problem is more deeply rooted in broader societal inequalities, and increasing funding alone cannot solve unequal outcomes between districts.
Reflections on the Implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (a.k...Vanessa Garingo
Together with friends and classmates, I conducted a research focusing on the Implementation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. This presentation was actually used by the team to show a sneak peak of what we have gathered and learned.
The document provides information about the Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) and prohibited actions under MEPA and Title VI regarding foster care and adoption. It defines MEPA and lists actions that are prohibited, such as using race to delay or deny placements or requiring extra scrutiny of transracial adoptive parents. It also outlines the MEPA complaint procedure and enforcement requirements for non-compliant employees or contractors.
This document provides information about Nanosyn, a contract research organization that offers various drug discovery services including high throughput screening, assay development, and medicinal chemistry services. It describes Nanosyn's microfluidic-based detection technology which allows simultaneous detection of enzyme substrates and products in a single sample run. This provides accurate and reproducible results. The technology also tolerates autofluorescent compounds and enables identification of both inhibitors and activators.
The document lists James E. Johnson's project portfolio including a Sonoma residence and pool house that is mentioned 9 times, renovations to the lobby and custom furniture for St. Paul's Towers in Oakland mentioned several times each, and single mentions of a Chafkin residence in Piedmont and a Mongillo residence in Los Altos. It also lists Johnson's work on the San Francisco Decorator Showcase House.
Andrew Swann seeks a career in sustainable agriculture applying his knowledge and experience. He has a Bachelor's degree in Agriculture from Austin Peay State University and worked in various agriculture internships and jobs including at a tobacco research center, winery, and construction sites. His experience also includes food service and sales roles developing skills in customer service, inventory management, and maintaining food safety standards.
Η Άνοιξη είναι μια συναρπαστική περίοδο της Αναγέννησης που σε όλους μας αρέσει, με τα χρώματα της, τα αρώματα, τα λουλούδια, οι αυξημένες ώρες της ηλιοφάνειας και θερμοκρασίας αλλά και ένα πολύ αγχωτικό χρονικό διάστημα για πολλούς ανθρώπους: κόπωση, αλλεργίες, αλλαγή στους ρυθμούς μας και φόρτο εργασίας συνοδεύουν αυτή την εποχή του χρόνου.
Τα Αιθέρια έλαια θα μας βοηθήσουν να προσαρμοστούμε ευκολότερα και να αντιμετωπίσουμε τις ανοιξιάτικες προκλήσεις.
Οι αλλεργικοί χρησιμοποιήστε το αιθέριο έλαιο του εστραγκόν. Ιδανικά θα πρέπει να κάνετε πριν ξεκινήσει η ανθοφορία, δηλαδή στα τέλη Φεβρουαρίου. Αλλά μπορεί να ληφθεί σε οποιαδήποτε στιγμή του έτους ως εξής:2 σταγόνες αιθέριο έλαιο σε 1 κουταλιά του γλυκού φυτικό έλαιο. Λαμβάνεται δύο φορές την ημέρα, για παράδειγμα πρωί και βράδυ.
Για όσους υποφέρουν την άνοιξη από κόπωση σας προτείνω να πάρετε κάψουλες του αιθέριου ελαίου της ρίγανης, 2-3 κάψουλες την ημέρα για δύο εβδομάδες.
Για παράδειγμα, μια το πρωί και μια άλλο το μεσημέρι.
Επίσης, μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε αυτό το μείγμα
1 ml του AE (Αιθέριο Ελαίο) Citrus auriantium μας δίνει, χαρά, τα κίνητρα, τη ζωτικότητα και την όρεξη για ζωή
1 ml ΑΕ Laurus nobilis μας δίνει την αυτοπεποίθηση, την έμπνευση, τη δύναμη
1 ml της AE λεβάντας Angustifolia μας δίνει ηρεμία, και συναισθηματική ισορροπία
0,5 ml AE του Picea marian μας δίνει ενέργεια
1 ml AE του Thymus vulgaris ρυθμιστή / αναγεννητή ενέργειας του σώματος, χαρίζει ισορροπία, τη δύναμη και την αντοχή, βοηθάει στην ψυχική εξάντληση και άγχος.
Μπορείτε να εφαρμόσετε μερικές σταγόνες στους καρπούς, στα πέλματα των ποδιών και το ηλιακό πλέγμα.2 σταγόνες δύο έως τρεις φορές ανά ημέρα
Priyanka Sharma has over 6 years of experience in information technology, working on various phases of the SDLC. She has expertise in GIS technologies such as ArcGIS, ArcFM, and SQL Server. She has extensive experience analyzing, designing, developing, customizing, and implementing software applications. Priyanka has worked as a GIS analyst and application developer on projects for National Grid and PSEG, focusing on GIS support, maintenance, and upgrades.
This document provides biographical information about a laparoscopic surgeon. It includes details about his education, training, professional experience, areas of expertise, publications, teaching experience, and professional affiliations. The surgeon was born in 1959 in Luxembourg and educated in France and the Netherlands. He has over 30 years of experience performing laparoscopic surgery and has held numerous teaching positions throughout his career.
This document provides steps for using Wikispace, an online tool, to design technology-enhanced lessons for teaching conditionals. It outlines developing lessons that include watching a video on conditionals, having students complete grammar exercises on a website, and drawing conclusions from situations to reinforce understanding of using and applying conditionals. Student reaction to using this online tool for the lesson is then assessed.
This document provides a full business case analysis for United Parcel Service (UPS) to increase its global market share and customer satisfaction over the next five years. It outlines three alternative recommendations:
Alternative A focuses on improving internal operations through strategic distribution center placement, time-in-transit forecasting, automated sorting, and improved package labeling.
Alternative B addresses the growth of e-commerce through next-day delivery, package tracking, competitor research, distribution center placement, and drone technology.
Alternative C emphasizes sustainability through recycled packaging options and alternative fuel trucks to improve UPS's image and decrease long-term costs.
Each alternative provides details on scope, resources, organizational factors, external environment, cost effectiveness and
This document provides instructions for an exercise on past simple verbs in English. It includes examples of 10 sentences written in both English and Spanish using regular and irregular past simple verbs. It then asks the student to complete sentences using the past simple form of given verbs. Finally, it asks the student to complete a table with the comparative and superlative forms of listed adjectives. The instructions are to download the presentation, complete the exercises, upload it to slideshare with answers, and share the link for evaluation.
Running Head CALWORKS FAMILY BENEFIT PROGRAM1CALWORKS FAMILY.docxhealdkathaleen
The document discusses the CalWORKs Family Benefit Program, which provides financial assistance and services to low-income families in California. It describes some of the current issues and deficiencies with the program's policies. These include a focus on cost-cutting over assistance, disagreements between political parties that have hindered reforms, and variation between counties in program implementation. The document then provides suggestions for improving the policies, such as implementing more effective employment assistance programs and increasing self-sufficiency among welfare recipients.
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8
1
Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analy
Promoting Safe and Stable Families
The role of nurses throughout healthcare program and policy evaluation is vital to our role as change agents within our communities. As nurses we participate in the evaluation process every time we go to work, assess our patients, and then partake in delivery of care. If we want to our voices to be heard we must be willing to take our evaluation skills to the next level. We must ask ourselves tough questions about whether the healthcare programs we are providing are meeting the needs of patients, their families, and communities. We must evaluate the healthcare program goals and outcomes to help determine whether it remains fiscally responsible and continues to meet a need in the population it aims to serve. Ultimately, we cannot blindly accept that the presence of a program validates its success. We must be willing and able to take personal action to ensure patients receive the highest quality of healthcare each and every day. The purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of the Promoting Safe and Stable Families (PSSF) program with respect to it’s background, goals, outcomes, success, costs and related nursing advocacy opportunities.
Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation
Promoting Safe and Stable Families (PSSF)
Description
The Promoting Safe and Stable Families (PSSF) program, which is more formally known as Title IV-B subpart 2 of the Social Security Act, aims to avoid unnecessary separations between caregivers and their children, protect permanency for children by taking the necessary steps to reunite them with their parents, when possible, or another permanent living situation, and to improve the quality of care and programming services being offered to children and their families to achieve maximum chance for stable families (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Children’s Bureau, 2012).
The PSSF program has recently had two additional programs added, the Personal Responsibility Education Program (PREP) and abstinence education. The goal of the PREP program is to provide state funding aimed at teen pregnancy prevention, addressing prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the adolescent population, as well as teaching teens skills to prepare them for adulthood (ie financial responsibility and organization skills). The abstinence education portion provides grants to individual states to promote education to adolescents regarding delaying sexual activity in an effort to further reduce teen pregnancy rates, but also to promote development of healthy relationships and establishment of healthy boundaries in at-risk populations such as homeless teens or those in foster care (United States Department of Health & Human Services, 2018).
How was the success of the program or policy measured?
Success of the PSSF program has been measured by the fact that funding for this program became a ma ...
PCG Human Services White Paper - Transitional Aged Youth Need Supports to Ach...Public Consulting Group
This document discusses supports needed for transitional aged youth (TAY) in foster care to achieve self-sufficiency. It defines TAY as those between ages 16-24 transitioning from foster care and notes they face higher risks of homelessness, unemployment, and lack of education without support. The document recommends child welfare agencies take a collaborative, outcome-based approach across five areas of support: social supports, health care, employment, housing, and education. It provides details on federal programs that address these areas, including Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance.
The document provides an overview of the Chronic Poverty and Education Policy Guide. It discusses the guide's aims to steer policymakers and practitioners through evidence on the relationship between education and chronic poverty. The guide is organized into four sections that cover: the intersections between chronic poverty and education; how to make schools more pro-poor; successful transitions for youth; and transformations brought about by education policies. It also includes a table mapping strategic education interventions to aspects of chronic poverty and contexts where they are especially needed. The document outlines the background, scope, and structure of the policy guide.
Fostering-Change-Opportunities-in-Transition-Report-SummaryAllison Nelson
This summary provides an overview of a report that analyzes the economic costs and opportunities of investing in supports for youth aging out of foster care in British Columbia.
The report finds that educational, economic, social and wellness outcomes are poor for many youth exiting foster care. It estimates total annual costs of $222-268 million associated with these adverse outcomes. Costs stem from lower educational attainment, poverty, and poor mental health. The report also finds that a basic package of increased supports for housing, education, and social support costing $99,000 per youth could significantly improve outcomes and save tens of millions annually. Improving supports for youth aging out of care could reduce government costs while improving lives.
2 0 1 6 S t a t e Fa c t S h e e t sChild Care in America.docxvickeryr87
2 0 1 6 S t a t e Fa c t S h e e t s
Child Care in America:
Every week in the United States, child care providers care for nearly 11
million children younger than age 5 whose parents are working. On
average, these children spend 36 hours a week in child care, and one
quarter (nearly 3 million) are in multiple child care arrangements due to
the traditional and nontraditional working hours of their parents.1
Research has continually illustrated the importance of quality early
experiences in achieving good health, especially within the most
vulnerable populations. Families, child care providers and state and
federal policymakers share responsibility for the safety and wellbeing
of children while they are in child care settings. Basic state
requirements and oversight help lay the foundation necessary to
protect children and promote their healthy development while in child
care.
The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) program
serves approximately 1.45 million children annually in communities
across the country. CCDBG is the primary federal grant program that
provides child care assistance for families and funds child care quality
initiatives. Funds are administered to states in formula block grants,
and states use the grants to subsidize child care for low-income
working families.
In November 2014, President Barack Obama signed S.1086, the Child
Care and Development Block Grant Act of 2014 into law. The new law
includes several measures focused on quality, including requiring
states to:
Promote quality child care by increasing activities to improve
the care, enhancing states’ ability to train providers and develop
safer and more effective child care services.
Strengthen health and safety requirements in child care
programs and providers.
Improve access to child care by expanding eligibility for
participating families and helping families connect with quality
programs that meet their needs by enhancing consumer
education, providing greater options for quality child care and
working to ensure continuity of care, essential for both the well-
being and stability of a child.2
With the new federal child care measures set to take effect, states are
rapidly building, evaluating, and changing their early care and
education quality focused systems (Quality Rating and Improvement
System (QRIS), professional development, licensing and standards).
Implementation of the new regulations must align with these efforts for
sustainability and maximum impact.
Over the past several years, Child Care Aware® of America has
surveyed and conducted focus groups with parents of young children,
grandparents, national child advocacy organizations, and state and
local Child Care Resource and Referral (CCR&R) agencies. Those
conversations underscored that child care is an essential building block
1 U.S.
Assessment on the allocation of Cash Grants of 4Ps beneficiaries to their dai...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims to determine where the 4Ps beneficiaries allocate the cash grants they receive from the government on their daily expenditures in terms of Education, Food, Transportation, Clothing, Entertainment, and Other bills. This study was conducted on seventeen barangays of Laur, Nueva Ecija with total number of 337 4Ps beneficiaries as respondents. Descriptive research was used through the survey questionnaire and interviews to answer the research problem. Based from the result, the education was highly prioritized. The researchers formulated a recommendation that may help 4Ps beneficiaries on spending their grants.
PCG Human Services White Paper - Cross-System Approaches That Promote Child W...Public Consulting Group
Child welfare agencies can successfully partner with Medicaid and managed care organizations to address the complex health and behavioral needs of children who experience maltreatment. If prevention and intervention efforts are applied early and effectively, these high-risk children and youth may avoid costly health conditions and experience improved health and psychological outcomes.
Child abuse and neglect is an important concern that negatively affects the physical and psychological well-being of a population that is already vulnerable. Increased preventive services to children in high-risk households can help states minimize the cost of health/medical services to deep-end youth, reduce the number of children with chronic medical conditions and can improve general well-being outcomes. Providing targeted prevention programs and interventions to these children of at-risk families have been shown to reduce the cost of providing intensive services to children with poor health outcomes later on.
Children who are investigated for maltreatment or enter the child welfare system have greater health needs. Children investigated by the welfare system have been found to have 1.5 times more chronic health conditions than the general population. After controlling for other risk factors, children with maltreatment reports have a 74-100% higher risk of hospital treatment. Over 28% of children involved with maltreatment investigations are diagnosed with chronic health conditions during the three years following the investigation.
Policy Institute Election Guide2_printer spreadsSara Bongiorni
The document discusses early childhood care and education in Louisiana. It raises 6 questions for candidates about improving access to affordable, high-quality child care and ensuring recent reforms do not reduce quality. It recommends increasing funding for early education programs, helping centers meet higher standards, and expanding mixed delivery models. Currently, less than 1 in 8 at-risk young children are served and funding cuts have reduced access while demand grows.
This document discusses the high costs of child abuse and neglect on physical and psychological well-being. Children who experience abuse have greater health needs and costs, with estimated lifetime costs per victim of over $200,000. The document outlines opportunities for states to partner across agencies to address the health needs of at-risk children, including Section 1115 waivers, health homes, care coordination, and data sharing initiatives. These partnerships aim to provide early intervention and reduce long-term health costs and risks while improving outcomes.
The document discusses social inequality in the Philippines and the government's role in addressing it. It defines social inequality as differences in opportunity, status, and treatment among members of society. It also notes that the government has identified widening inequality between rich and poor regions. The government has established several programs through different agencies to help alleviate inequality, such as conditional cash transfers, education initiatives, health networks, and agrarian reform. Reducing social inequality requires combined efforts from the government, organizations, and individuals.
The Head Start program began in 1965 as part of the War on Poverty to provide preschool children from low-income families with education, health, nutrition and parent involvement services. It serves children ages 3-5 and their families who live below the federal poverty line. Head Start programs provide educational, health, nutrition and social services to enrolled children and families to promote school readiness and engage parents in their children's learning. The program is funded by federal appropriations and administered locally by non-profits and school systems, with over $6.8 billion spent in 2007. Nutrition professionals play roles in menu planning, nutrition education and ensuring children's nutritional needs are met.
Jeffery L. PietersProfessor Lycan First Year Writing Seminar E.docxvrickens
Jeffery L. Pieters
Professor Lycan
First Year Writing Seminar EN106
02 April 2020Is Income Inequality To Blame For Poor Student Test Scores?
Studies ranging from psychology to economics all indicate that early childhood education and development are vital to the success of a child in all aspects of life, regardless of their socioeconomic status. Despite the reality that children from disadvantaged households often face more challenges and have lower test scores, publicly funded programs can have a significant and measured effect on success. Lawmakers have the responsibility to shape fiscal policy in order to bridge the gaps that face our nation's “persistently disadvantaged.” Although I agree that eligibility to qualify for free or reduced school meals is a poor measure of a student's actual needs as Susan Dynarski points out, it is important to extend these ideas to include access to quality early childhood education programs.
“A closer look reveals that the standard measure of economic disadvantage whether a child is eligible for a free or reduced-price lunch in school masks the magnitude of the learning gap between the richest and poorest children.” (Greene, Kindle Locations 11218-11220). This gap is an important aspect of the disparity in which money is distributed to schools as it can be misconstrued to divide the money based on numbers instead of actual need. The disadvantaged children are those who are in the most need for assistance both monetarily and educationally and these funds should be focused on their needs specifically instead of a school as a whole generically, though there is likely no easy way to focus this money in a specific manner. One possible way to address this need is to provide assistance and education to all children across the nation from birth regardless of financial need. Studies for years have shown that children who attend preschool are more likely to be successful throughout elementary and high school, and early childhood brain development increases intelligence levels (Untangling the Evidence). By providing this type of education and development across the board we could raise the test score of children across the nation. This would prove to be an expensive and extremely difficult task to implement universally however, we do currently have a federal program in place currently aimed at providing these types of educational programs to low income families, Head Start.
The Head Start Program is administered under the Department of Health and Human Services and provides services to pregnant women and children from birth to age five. The Head Start Program is designed to teach early learning, health education, and family well-being with the intention of promoting school readiness to these children. In fiscal year 2018, the Federal Government spent $9.47 billion dollars on this program which helped 1,050,000 children and pregnant women in 2017 and 2018 (Head Start Programs). This program is delivered nationwide ...
Jeffery L. PietersProfessor Lycan First Year Writing Seminar Ekarenahmanny4c
Jeffery L. Pieters
Professor Lycan
First Year Writing Seminar EN106
02 April 2020Is Income Inequality To Blame For Poor Student Test Scores?
Studies ranging from psychology to economics all indicate that early childhood education and development are vital to the success of a child in all aspects of life, regardless of their socioeconomic status. Despite the reality that children from disadvantaged households often face more challenges and have lower test scores, publicly funded programs can have a significant and measured effect on success. Lawmakers have the responsibility to shape fiscal policy in order to bridge the gaps that face our nation's “persistently disadvantaged.” Although I agree that eligibility to qualify for free or reduced school meals is a poor measure of a student's actual needs as Susan Dynarski points out, it is important to extend these ideas to include access to quality early childhood education programs.
“A closer look reveals that the standard measure of economic disadvantage whether a child is eligible for a free or reduced-price lunch in school masks the magnitude of the learning gap between the richest and poorest children.” (Greene, Kindle Locations 11218-11220). This gap is an important aspect of the disparity in which money is distributed to schools as it can be misconstrued to divide the money based on numbers instead of actual need. The disadvantaged children are those who are in the most need for assistance both monetarily and educationally and these funds should be focused on their needs specifically instead of a school as a whole generically, though there is likely no easy way to focus this money in a specific manner. One possible way to address this need is to provide assistance and education to all children across the nation from birth regardless of financial need. Studies for years have shown that children who attend preschool are more likely to be successful throughout elementary and high school, and early childhood brain development increases intelligence levels (Untangling the Evidence). By providing this type of education and development across the board we could raise the test score of children across the nation. This would prove to be an expensive and extremely difficult task to implement universally however, we do currently have a federal program in place currently aimed at providing these types of educational programs to low income families, Head Start.
The Head Start Program is administered under the Department of Health and Human Services and provides services to pregnant women and children from birth to age five. The Head Start Program is designed to teach early learning, health education, and family well-being with the intention of promoting school readiness to these children. In fiscal year 2018, the Federal Government spent $9.47 billion dollars on this program which helped 1,050,000 children and pregnant women in 2017 and 2018 (Head Start Programs). This program is delivered nationwide ...
The document discusses the Affordable Care Act's Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program. It outlines the program's legislative authority, goals of improving prenatal and family outcomes, evidence-based home visiting models, and states' implementation progress. States must select an evidence-based model, meet benchmarks for data collection, and partner with agencies through a memorandum of concurrence. The program aims to support at-risk families through home visits and strengthen early childhood systems.
This document discusses children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). It provides information on the prevalence of CYSHCN in the US from national survey data. It describes how CYSHCN are more likely to experience adverse childhood experiences and health disparities. The document also discusses social determinants of health, minoritized CYSHCN populations, evolution of public policy, unique needs of CYSHCN families, life course approach, mental health challenges, health care financing challenges, Medicaid/CHIP coverage, medical home model, importance of family engagement, care coordination challenges, educational supports, transition planning needs, and conclusions regarding maternal and child health programs supporting CYSHCN.
At the recent Place Matters conference in Washington, D.C., David Williams, PhD, the Norman Professor of Public Health at the Harvard School of Public Health and staff director of the reconvened Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America, talked about the need for cooperation between the community development industry and health leaders.
“Community development and health are working side by side in the same neighborhoods and often with the same residents but often don’t know each other or coordinate efforts.”
THE RECENT SLOWDOWN IN THE WAR ON POVERTY 50 Y.docxAASTHA76
THE RECENT SLOWDOWN IN
THE WAR ON POVERTY 50
YEARS LATER:
A PROGRESS REPORT
The Council of Economic Advisers
January 2014
2
Executive Summary
“Unfortunately, many Americans live on the outskirts of hope—some because of their poverty,
and some because of their color, and all too many because of both. Our task is to help replace
their despair with opportunity. This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional
war on poverty in America. I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort.”
- President Lyndon B. Johnson, January 8, 1964
Fifty years ago, in January of 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared a “War on Poverty”
and introduced initiatives designed to improve the education, health, skills, jobs, and access to
economic resources of those struggling to make ends meet. While there is more work to do, in
the ensuing decades we have strengthened and reformed many of these programs and had
significant success in reducing poverty. In this report, the Council of Economic Advisers presents
evidence of the progress made possible by decades of bipartisan efforts to fight poverty by
expanding economic opportunity and rewarding hard work. We also document some of the
key steps the Obama Administration has taken to further increase opportunity and economic
security by improving key programs while ensuring greater efficiency and integrity. These steps
prevented millions of hardworking Americans from slipping into poverty during the worst
economic crisis since the Great Depression.
Poverty has declined by more than one-third since 1967.
The percent of the population in poverty when measured to include tax credits and
other benefits has declined from 25.8 percent in 1967 to 16.0 percent in 2012.
These figures use new historical estimates of the Census Bureau’s Supplemental Poverty
Measure (SPM) anchored to today’s poverty thresholds. The SPM is widely
acknowledged to measure poverty more accurately than the official poverty measure,
which excludes the value of refundable tax credits and benefits like nutrition assistance
and has other limitations.
By anchoring the measure to today’s poverty standards we are able to ask how many
people in each year since 1967 would have had inflation-adjusted family resources
below the 2012 SPM poverty thresholds.
Despite real progress in the War on Poverty, there is more work to do.
In 2012, there were 49.7 million Americans grappling with the economic and social
hardships of living below the poverty line, including 13.4 million children.
While the United States is often seen as the land of economic opportunity, only about
half of low-income Americans make it out of the lowest income distribution quintile
over a 20-year period. About 40 percent of the differences in parents’ income are
3
reflected in children’s income as they become adults, pointing to strong lingerin.
New York is increasing its two-generational approach to child and adult poverty through a variety of programs overseen by the Office of Child and Family Services (OCFS).
This document discusses poverty in America. It provides statistics showing that in 2019, 10.9% of Americans, or 34 million people, lived below the poverty line. Certain groups, such as Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics, children, women and disabled individuals face higher rates of poverty. Theories on the causes of poverty include the culture of poverty perspective and generational poverty. Approaches to combat poverty have included curative, alleviative and preventative methods such as public assistance programs and social insurance.
1. POLICY REPORT | APRIL 2015
Breaking the Cycle of
Poverty in Young Families
Two-Generation Policy Recommendations
2. The two-generation approach is a poverty reduction
strategy meeting the unique needs of both parents
and children simultaneously, which differs from other
models that provide service provision to parents or
their children separately. The focus of this two-generation
research was specifically young families, which are defined
as out-of-school, out-of-work youth 15–24 with dependent
children under the age of 6. Families in poverty can best
be served by addressing parental needs for education,
workforce training, and parental skills, while also
addressing child development essentials.
The recent economic downturn has tremendously impacted communities and
families in the United States, especially young families. Over 1.4 million youth
ages 15–24 are out-of-school, out-of-work and raising dependent children.
When youth are out of the education system, lack early work experience,
and cannot find employment, it is unlikely that they will have the means to
support themselves.1
Too often, this traps their families in a cycle of poverty
for generations.
With generous support from the Annie E. Casey Foundation
and ASCEND at the Aspen Institute, the National Human
Services Assembly (NHSA), an association of America’s
leading human service nonprofit organizations, set out
to identify policy and administrative barriers to two-
generation strategies. The NHSA engaged its member
organizations and local affiliates to better understand
their two-generation programs, challenges to success,
and strategies for overcoming. It also convened advo-
cates, experts, and local providers together to determine
the appropriate government strategies to break the
cycle of poverty in young families.
This policy report summarizes findings from direct service
providers and advocates in advancing two-generation
strategies. The recommendations outline both federal and
state-level policies and regulatory actions to strengthen
this approach. It also addresses critical organizational
capacity imperatives for existing direct service providers.
These policy priorities should provide a comprehensive
framework to support young parents and their children
toward economic mobility.
3. Background
Economic opportunity and upward mobility are core
American values. Increasingly, economists, social scientists,
and human service providers have sounded an alarm
that these opportunities are no longer available for many
in America. In 2012, the Census Bureau estimated 149
million Americans were making $45,000 or less per
household, defined as low-income. More than 49 million
live in poverty, making less than $22,350 per household.2
The impact for children and youth is alarming. Analyzing
the latest available U.S. Census data, the National Center
for Children in Poverty (NCCP) found that 44 percent
of children under age 18 lived in low-income families in
2013; of the 44 percent, half lived in poverty. Multiple
economic studies indicate the lack of opportunity for
upward mobility for children and youth raised in poverty
and low-income households. As a result, there are calls for
new models to address the complex needs of working
families and break this generational cycle of poverty.
One of the most promising opportunities to break the
poverty cycle is a two-generation approach. This innovative
strategy “is a lens for thinking about programs, policies,
systems, and research. The framework draws on the
history of efforts to address the needs of both children
and parents while capitalizing on the implications of what
recent scientific studies have proven: The development
of children and parents is inextricably linked.”3
Two-generation programs seek to integrate parent-focused
service provision (e.g. vocational, educational, parent-
training, health coaching) with high-quality child-focused
programming (e.g. childcare, home visiting, child health,
adolescent mentoring). Research shows significant
success when organizations confront the complex needs
of families living in poverty utilizing two-generation strategies,
but barriers to expanded implementation exist.4
In 2012, the Census Bureau estimated that
149 million Americans
were making $45,000 or less
in household income.
22%of children
in 2013 lived
in poverty.
National Human Services Assembly 1
4. Redefine
Poverty
Strengthen
Existing
Block Grants
Fair Pay
Access to
Workforce
Development
Technical
Assistance to
State & Local
Agencies
& Providers
Tax Relief
to Working
Families
Support
Effective
Programs
Federal Policy and Regulatory Changes
to Improve Opportunities
2 Two-Generation Policy Recommendations
5. Strategies to Enhance Federal Policy
Federal policy has far-reaching implications for young families and two-
generation service provision. Advocates and providers agree that firming up
support for and increasing funding to this broad set of interlocking programs
will create the varied and interdependent services needed at the local level.
Expanding the federal poverty level to create opportu-
nities for young families to access critical government
services, including Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program (SNAP; formerly known as food stamps) and
Social Security Income (SSI).
Increasing the federal minimum wage to move low-
income parents and their dependent children towards
financial mobility.
Providing critical links to family health, education,
workforce development, and childcare, by providing
additional funding for block grant programs and
ensuring states comply with legislative intent, such
as the Maternal and Child Health Block Grant, Social
Services Block Grant, Child Care Development Block
Grant, and Community Development Block Grant.
Providing young parents with access to employment
resources and skills training while concurrently
providing resources for their dependent children.
Providing tax relief to working families, lifting many
of them above the poverty line by maintaining and
improving the Child Tax Credit and Earned Income
Tax Credit.
Offering states and local governments technical
assistance to better understand and implement
federally funded programs, such as Temporary
Assistance to Need Families (TANF) through the
Department of Health and Human Services to ensure
states provide optimal flexibility for young families’
needs consistent with legislative intent.
Allocating funding for innovative and evidence-based
programs that are scalable.
National Human Services Assembly 3
6. Strategies to Enhance Policies
at State and Local Levels
There is significant opportunity
at the state and local level to
create policy that supports two-
generation strategies.
Promulgating policies and appropriations
standards that allow for more braided or blended
funding opportunities.
Reducing or eliminating legislative and regulatory
barriers that limit the flexibility of federal programs,
such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(SNAP), Temporary Assistance to Need Families
(TANF), Childcare Development Fund, and com-
munity block grants.
Creating and strengthening childcare and workforce
development funding opportunities to support working
and student parents.
Increasing home visitation programs critical to
two-generation strategies funded through the
federal government.
Creating child support policies that do not have
adverse effects on young families.
Expanding alternative programs that divert youth
from the criminal justice system.
Strategies to Impact: Building
Organizational Capacity
Two-generation service providers and policy advocates
identified organizational issues that must be addressed
to achieve full potential on behalf of young parents and
their children. These human service capacity building
opportunities include:
Helping local organizations expand their programming
by securing and administering government grants
with technical assistance.
Demonstrating program success by improving data
collection and analysis, program evaluation, and
shared metrics.
Identifying and strengthening communication and
collaboration with traditional and non-traditional
stakeholders, such as government, human services
organizations, educational institutions, and the
private sector.
4 Two-Generation Policy Recommendations
7. Washington
The state of Washington has been cited for their innovative Two-Generation programming through their
Basic Food Employment and Training Program (BFET). BFET is funded through the Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program Education and Training (SNAP E&T), an offshoot of the Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program (SNAP) administered by the US Department of Agriculture. BFET was created with
the mission of providing low-income adults and families with access to employment and training, and as
such, supports students participating in career and technical training. One such training program is the
Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training Program (I-BEST), a nationally recognized model that
boosts students’ literacy and work skills to move them quickly through school and into jobs, thus facilitating
economic sustainability. BFET funds provide access to assessments, case management, job readiness and
training, job search assistance, job placement, and reimbursements for services such as transportation,
childcare, housing, and clothing.
The BFET program was originally piloted with one community college
and four community-based organizations as a partnership between
the Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges,
the Department of Social and Health Services, and the Annie E. Casey
Foundation. Based on the success of that pilot and additional collabora-
tive efforts, the BFET program is now offered by all 34 of the state’s
community and technical colleges, with the participation of over 30
community-based organizations.
Since 2011, the program has secured $56 million in federal funding
and has served over 45,000 individuals, many of them participants
in integrated pathways programs who would have otherwise been unable
to afford tuition and other costs. Moreover, 74% of participants have
obtained employment with a median hourly wage of about $11 per hour,
according to data collected by Washington’s Employment Security Office.
Reference: Ford K. (2014). Paying for Integrated Pathways: SNAP Education and Training Funds in Washington. Jobs for the Future. Available
from: http://www.jff.org/blog/2014/12/22/paying-integrated-pathways-snap-education-and-training-funds-washington
case study |
Since 2011:
$56 million
secured in federal funds
over 45,000
participants
74% placement
rate
National Human Services Assembly 5
8. COLORADO
In May 2014, Colorado lawmakers demonstrated bipartisan support for low-income working families by
passing a suite of significant childcare reform bills and budget items totaling nearly $22 million. These
bills are intended to advance Two-Generation efforts throughout the state by increasing access to the state
childcare assistance program (CCCAP), decreasing red tape, and promoting higher-quality services.
Some highlights of these bills include:
HB14-1317: This bill makes significant changes to CCCAP in order to help parents find and retain
high-quality and affordable childcare, support families in climbing the ladder to prosperity, and cut red
tape for small business childcare providers who want to serve working families.
HB14-1072: This legislation would create a new state childcare expenses tax credit that ensures those
earning less than $25,000 are able to claim a credit, which includes the CCCAP parent copayment.
SB14-003: This bill creates a pilot program to address the “cliff effect” that occurs when working
parents in CCCAP receive a minor increase in income that makes them ineligible for childcare assis-
tance, yet their income is not enough to cover the full cost of care.
Other highlights from these bills intended for small businesses include:
Higher floors for provider reimbursement rates.
Holiday and absence policies tied to program quality ratings.
Tiered reimbursement so providers can provide higher quality care.
References: HB14-1317, HB14-1072, SB14-003, 69th Gen. Assem., Reg. Sess. (CO. 2014); Colorado lawmakers get savvy on Two-Gen. (2014).
http://www.claytonearly learning.org/blog/colorado-lawmakers-get-savvy-on-two-gen/
case study |
6 Two-Generation Policy Recommendations
9. UTAH
Utah has a history of comprehensive policymaking in workforce and family policies. Their One-Stop Career
Centers are organized according to function instead of funding stream and help participants with a full
range of services that span educational aid, workforce development, childcare, and social supports.
Additionally, Utah rotates staff through different functions, which can encourage program coordination
and break down organizational silos.
TEXAS
Texas also has a supportive policy framework that offers
a relatively integrated system under the Texas Workforce
Commission (TWC). TWC, in conjunction with regional
workforce boards, controls the major workforce development
funding including: Workforce Investment Act (WIA) training
programs, Employment Services, Trade Adjustment
Assistance (TAA), and Temporary Assistance for Needy
Families (TANF) work programs, as well as childcare funding
through the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF)
block grant. While Texas has a performance rating system
for preschool programs, CCDF funds are not restricted
to center-based care.
Reference: King, C.T., Smith, T.C., and Glover, R.W. (2011). Investing
in Children and Parents: Fostering Dual- Generation Strategies in
the United States. Austin, TX: Ray Marshall Center for the Study
of Human Resources, LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University
of Texas. November.
Other states to watch |
National Human Services Assembly 7
10. have proven efficacy to support young parents
and their children. Federal and state governments
are critical partners and leaders in advancing
this approach. Policy and regulatory
decisions must be comprehensive and
focused to meet demand. These
policy priorities provide legislators,
advocates, and providers an agenda
for future action for young families
and ending the cycle of poverty.
Two-generation strategies
8 Two-Generation Policy Recommendations
11. References
1. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2012). Youth and Work: Restoring Teen and Young Adult Connection to Opportunity.
Kids Count Policy Report. Available from: http://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/AECF-YouthAndWork-2012-Full.pdf
2. Grandoni D. (December 15, 2012). Census Says 48% of Americans Are Now ‘Low-Income.’ The Wire. Available from:
http://www.thewire.com/national/2011/12/census-says-48-americans-are-now-low-income/46281/
3. Schmit S, Matthews H, & Golden O. (2014). Thriving Children, Successful Parents: A Two Generation Approach to
Policy. Available from: http://www.clasp.org/resources-and-publications/publication-1/Two-Gen-Brief-FINAL.pdf
4. The National Center for the Developing Child. (2007). A Science-Based Framework for Early Childhood Policy. Available
from: http://developingchild.harvard.edu/index.php/resources/reports_and_working_papers/policy_framework/
additional sources
Kochhar R, & Fry R. (2014). Wealth inequality has widened along racial, ethnic lines since end of Great Recession. The
Pew Charitable Trusts. Available from: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/
The National Center for Children in Poverty. (2015). Basic Facts about Low Income Children.
Available from: http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_1099.html
Chetty R et al. (n.d.) Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States.
Available from: http://obs.rc.fas.harvard.edu/chetty/mobility_geo.pdf
Ascend at the Aspen Institute. (2014). Two Generations. One Future: An Anthology from the Ascend Fellowship.
Available from: http://ascend.aspeninstitute.org/pages/ascend-fellowship-anthology
Greenberg M, Ewen D, & Matthews H. (2006). Using TANF for Early Childhood Programs. Center for Law and Social Policy.
Congressional Budget Office analysis. (February 2014). Available from: http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/44995-
MinimumWage.pdf
Center for American Progress. (2009). It’s Time for a Better Poverty Measure. Available from:
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/report/2009/08/25/6582/its-time-for-a-better- poverty-measure/
King C, Coffee R, & Smith T. (2013). Promoting Two-Generation Strategies:
A Getting-Started Guide for State and Local Policy Makers. Foundation for Child Development.
Available from: http://fcd-us.org/sites/default/files/Dual-Gen%20Getting%20Started%20Guide.pdf
US Department of Education. (n.d.). Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) Program CFDA 84.335A.
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84335A-18104.html
HRSA/MCHB. (n.d.). The Maternal, Infant, and Early Child Home Visiting Program. Available at http://mchb.hrsa.gov/
programs/homevisiting/homevisiting.pdf
Waller M & Plotnick R. (2000). A Failed Relationship? Low-income Families and the Child Support Enforcement System.
Focus. Volume 1.
Birckhead T. (2012). Delinquent by Reason of Poverty. Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 38: 53-107.
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National Human Services Assembly. (2015). Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Young Families: Two-Generation Strategies
for Working with Disconnected Young Parents & Their Children. Available from: http://www.nassembly.org/knowledge/
documents/NHSAFull_Report2GenOSOWFamilies.pdf
Haskins R, Paxson C, & Brooks-Gunn J. (2009). Social Science Rising: A Tale of Evidence Shaping Public Policy. The
Brookings Institute. Available from: http://futureofchildren.org/publications/docs/19_02_PolicyBrief.pdf
12. Two-Generation
Project Team
Tonya Wiley-Robinson
Vice President, Programs
and Membership
Reginald Davis
Public Policy Director
Justin Bigelow
AmeriCorps*VISTA
and Policy Associate
ACCESS
Afterschool Alliance
American Public Human Services Association
ASCEND at the Aspen Institute
Association of Maternal
& Child Health Programs
Casey Family Programs
Catholic Charities USA
Child Care Aware of America
Dibble Institute
Feeding America San Diego
Food Research and Action Center
Generations United
HFTC Collaborative Council
National Diaper Bank Network
National Governors Association
National Head Start Association
National Kidney Foundation of Michigan
National Women’s Law Center
Roadrunner Food Bank of New Mexico
Southwest Solutions
United Way for Southeastern Michigan
United Way of Greater Cincinnati
United Way Worldwide
YMCA of the USA
Young Invincibles
Youth Advocate Programs, Inc.
YWCA
Youth Advocate Programs
About NHSA
The National Human Services Assembly, a Washington, D.C.-
based organization comprised of nearly 85 national human service
nonprofits, is focused on shaping public dialogue and building
capacity for the human services sector while facilitating a robust
learning community among nonprofit professionals. The Assembly’s
members include such national organizations as AARP, the American
Red Cross, Boy Scouts of America, Girl Scouts of the USA, The
Salvation Army, United Cerebral Palsy, United Way Worldwide,
YMCA, and YWCA. In aggregate, members and their local service
networks and affiliates collectively touch, or are touched by, nearly
every household in America—as consumers, donors, or volunteers.
Contributing Organizations
This project was
generously funded by:
1101 14th Street NW
Suite 600
Washington, DC 20005
202-347-2080
www.nationalassembly.org
policy@nassembly.org