An Investigatory Project about Egg Tempera Project. Egg yolk pigmented by food coloring to produce paint.

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Egg yolk pigmented by Food Coloring as an Artists Paint or
Egg Tempera Paint
An Investigatory Project presented to Engr. Gina L. Ancajas of
Philippine State College of Aeronautics
A Fulfillment of the Requirement for an Investigatory Project
Of Chemistry I
Presented by:
Darlene P. Enderez
Luorine Cara P. Genita
Michelle Ynot
Shane Rhea Feranil
V-gen Araneta
2014

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ------------------------------------- 1
ABSTRACT ------------------------------------- 5
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------- 6
A. Background of the study ------------------------------------- 6
B. Statement of the problem ------------------------------------- 8
C. Statement of Hypothesis ------------------------------------- 8
D. Significance of the study ------------------------------------- 9
E. Statement of Objectives ------------------------------------- 10
F. Scope and Limitation ------------------------------------- 11
G. Definition of Terms ------------------------------------- 12
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE --------- 13
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY------------------------------------- 16
A. Research Design ------------------------------------- 16
B. Method of Research ------------------------------------- 16
C. Materials Used ------------------------------------- 17
D. Procedures ------------------------------------- 17
Page

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CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS &
INTERPRETATION ------------------------------------- 18
A. Table I: Qualitative Data of Measurements --------------------- 18
B. Table II: Time Span of The Product ----------------------------- 19
C. Figure I: Vibrancy of The Product ----------------------------- 19
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND GENERALIZATION ----- 20
CHAPTER VI: RECOMMENDATION ----------------------------- 21
BIBLIOGRAPHY -------------------------------------------- 22
CURRICULUM VITAE --------------------------------------------- 23

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ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the ideal amount of quality effects of egg
tempera paint in humans, animals or environment. This study also introduces the
beauty of renaissance art in renaissance period. Most often used in egg in tempera
paint is only the egg yolk. The membrane of the yolk and the white is discarded.
The yolk is added to water and vinegar then followed by the coloring pigments.
After testing, the solution came up with an environmental-friendly paint which has
very vibrant and clear color (depends on the color you wanted or made). Hence,
the use of egg tempera paint is highly recommended by the researchers.

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Today eggs are often used for recipe, for viand and for soap. But now
you may also discover that eggs are can be used as paint. In this project, most
often used in Egg Tempera are only the contents of the yolk. The white of the egg
and the membrane of the yolk are discarded. Egg Tempera is a painting process
that uses egg yolk to bind pigments. It is a water soluble and highly archival
medium, wonderful for fine art painting, restoration, and icon painting. It’s perfect
as an under alternative to oil paints and solvents. Egg Tempera shows the beauty
of pigments off to great advantage. Color is clear, bright and pure.
Oil paints have advantages on time, color depth and range, range of finishes
of effects, and consistency but all of these can also be its disadvantage. Oil paints
take longer to dry than other paints, such as watercolors. This provides more time
for artists to work with their creations and make changes while the slow drying
time of oil paints can be a disadvantage to some artists, especially those who
purposely work with a dry under painting or like to use a sequence of washes in
quick succession. Oil paints provide for a wide range of colors and a rich color
depth, as they can be layered and mixed more freely than other paints, such as

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watercolor or acrylics. Artists can subtly change the richness and tone of their
colors by adding minute amounts of other colors, for instance. This is partially true
because oil paints take longer to dry while on the other hand, because oil paints
can be painted over once dried---thus, essentially, correcting many mistakes---
some artists have trouble focusing on a clear vision, intention or expression,
according to the Notebook website. These artists may be better off using paints
that force decisions. Oil paints can be mixed to appear opaque, transparent or
anything in between, as well as have a matte or gloss finish or anything in between
while on other perspective, Oil paints blend easily with one another, which can
encourage certain artists to just keep blending until the colors and shapes become
muddy or unclear. Once muddied, it is difficult to "unmuddy" oil paint colors.
Linseed oil paints---the most popular variety---tend to darken or yellow with age.
While this can be combated with certain application techniques and quality
materials, these are not necessarily able to be used or accessible to every oil
painter.

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B. Statement of the Problem
Egg Tempera Paint may or may not be an efficient alternative for an Oil
Paint. These following questions aim to support the topic:
1. What product gives off the most vibrancy?
2. What is the purpose of vinegar in the Egg Tempera?
3. Is it safe on its users?
4. What colloid is formed?
C. Statement of Hypothesis
In accordance to the problems stated above, here are the researcher’s
hypotheses about the topic:
1. The product that gives off vibrancy is “Product 4”.
2. . Vinegar is used for preserving the egg yolk so that it won’t produce or
releases bad odor.
3. Yes, it is safe on its users because it is a mixture of egg, water and
vinegar which is very organic.
4. A colored egg emulsion is formed when the yolk is mixed with a tint of
color.

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D. Significance of the Study
The environmental impact of paint is diverse. Traditional painting materials
and processes can have harmful effects on the environment, including those from
the use of lead and other additives. Measures can be taken to reduce environmental
impact, including accurately estimating paint quantities so waste is minimized, and
use of environmentally preferred paints, coatings, painting accessories, and
techniques.
Egg Tempera paint is water-based, non-toxic paint. It is not harmful for
artist painter, kids, teenager, or even environment. If kids accidentally swallowed
the paint, it has no harmful side effects. Egg Tempera is composed of ingredients
that can be eaten such as egg yolk, water, vinegar and pigments (Food Color). For
the environment, Egg Tempera doesn’t produce or released any polluted, harmful
gas that can harm the humans and animals. This kind of paint has a good benefit to
artist, because artists can easily blend colors for backgrounds, create modeling and
to give a 3-dimensional shaded backgrounds. Egg Tempera is adorable, cheap in
price but easily to make and it shows beautiful color for painting process. And it is
environmentally friendly.

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E. Statement of Objectives
We don’t usually notice it or we just tend to ignore it knowing that our
planet is gradually deteriorating because of the harmful chemicals present on the
environment. Knowing that there are many artists worldwide that uses chemically
produced paints, we can directly conclude that chemicals present in the
atmosphere are at large masses. Chemicals present in paints contribute a lot to the
“deteriorating effect” on our planet.
The researcher’s main purpose in creating this study is to produce paint out
of egg yolk, water and vinegar. In order to create a natural mixture that can still
give the artists the satisfaction that the other paints can give them. It can still give
them the vibrancy and consistency they want for their works. Because it is natural,
it cannot harm our environment unlike other paints which can also harm our
environment.

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F. Scope and Limitation
Egg yolk is composed of 50% water, 30%lipids,15% proteins and
5% other components, including lecithin (an emulsifying agent). The yolk
contains a fatty substance called egg oil. Egg oil is non-drying oil. Yolk is
also contains albumen can be too drying and would embrittle a paint film
but in combination with egg oil it actually helps the egg oil to “cure” (and
in turn, the egg oil contributes flexibility to albumen). And
vinegar is a liquid substance consisting mainly of acetic acid and water, the
acetic acid being produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic
acid bacteria. The longer fermentation period allows for the accumulation
of a nontoxic slime composed of acetic acid bacteria. The fermentation in
the vinegar is used in preserving the paint.
This study focuses mainly on the Egg Tempera Paint mixture. The
materials used were just gathered around the researches household. It has
even materials needed. The investigation utilized 4 paints that were placed
in a small clear glass in different volumes of water added to test the
vibrancy of the product.

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G. Definition of Terms
Albumen – it is simply the white of the egg
Colloid - is a substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble
particles are suspended throughout another substance.
Egg Yolk - is a part of an egg that feeds the developing embryo. The egg
yolk is suspended in the egg white by one or two spiral bands
of tissue called the chalazae.
Paint - a substance composed of solid coloring matter suspended in a liquid
medium and applied as a protective or decorative coating to
various surfaces, or to canvas or other materials in producing a
work of art.
Pigment - is used as color for paint.
Vinegar - is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid and water.
Water - a clear liquid, usually used for drinking and others.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES RELATED LITERATURE
Egg Tempera is the most durable form of the medium, being generally
unaffected by humidity and temperature. It dries quickly to form though film that
acts as a protective skin to the support. In handling, in its diversity of transparent
and opaque effects, it resembles the modern acrylic resin emulsion paints. Egg
yolk Tempera hardens due to the evaporation of the water and the coalescing of
the egg yolk proteins into a solid film. Egg yolk is composed of 50% water,
30%lipids,15% proteins and 5% other components, including lecithin (an
emulsifying agent). The yolk contains a fatty substance called egg oil. Egg oil is
non-drying oil. Yolk is also contains albumen can be too drying and would
embrittle a paint film but in combination with egg oil it actually helps the egg oil
to “cure” (and in turn, the egg oil contributes flexibility to albumen). The albumen
(water soluble) and the egg oil (non-water soluble) are emulsified in water via
lecithin, also found the yolk.
Egg tempera is an ancient technique for producing richly colored, made
from scratch at the starts of each painting session, enabling students to explore a

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range of recipes and techniques to create painterly effects. Tempera painting has
been found on early Egyptians sarcophagi decorations.
A related technique has been used also in ancient and early medieval
paintings found in several caves and rock-cut temples of India. Egg Tempera
cannot be stored, so each color was mixed when it was needed. Mixing too little
paint was a disaster because mixing more paint that would match the first batch
perfectly was very difficult. Mixing too much paint was a waste of expensive
materials. Because egg tempera dries very quickly, artists had to paint small areas
at one time. Artists used brushes made from animal hair, applying colors one by
one, sometimes overlapping to create depth. Egg has a clean, matte finish and a
higher color key than the oil. The subtle color variations so characteristic of egg
tempera painting are unlike the deep saturated colors typical in oil paints. The
yellow of the egg has very little effect on a tempered color. Any initial discoloring
will actually bleach out to a clear tone in time as opposed to oil’s tendency to
yellow with time.
Egg tempera does not blend easily like oil because it dries so quickly. This
can be advantageous because tempera does not become “muddy” when lighter
colors are applied over darker ones. One can easily renew a color by working light
over dark. In fact, a tempera painting becomes richer when more layers are
applied, unlike oil’s tendency to grow darker with each layer. Graduated tones are
achieved by applying a progressively lighter, more opaque color to the base color,

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thereby gradually reducing the transparent nature of the paint while lighting the
color with the introduction of white.
Egg tempera is an ancient painting medium that predicates oil painting by
hundreds of years. It was used in the middle-ages for religious icon painting and
use today by a myriad of artists working in various types. Egg tempera requires
some preparation and knowledge of the materials needed and techniques
employed. Egg tempera is a method of painting which was largely popular in the
early Renaissance. Egg tempera, not to be confused with tempera or poster paints
you get at the store, consists of egg yolk, water, vinegar and pigment.
The egg yolk in egg tempera serves as the binder that holds the pigment
together. The addition of water turns the paint into a usable paste-like form. Egg
tempera cannot be stored for future use. The basic supplies needed to paint with
egg tempera consist of dry pigments of various colors, an egg for each new
painting session, distilled water, and a painting surface. Egg tempera is an oil-in-
water emulsion or water–in-oil emulsion, depending upon whether the amount of
oil exceeds by the amount of water in the emulsion.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. ResearchDesign
This study focuses mainly on the Egg Tempera Mixture as to the effect of
water to the vibrancy and consistency of the mixture.
B. Method of Research
Egg tempera is composed of pigment, water, vinegar and especially the egg
yolk. The researchers prepared it for making the project. The researchers gathered
information on how they can start the paint making project. The egg white is
discarded; the most often used is only the contents of the egg yolk. Then, add
some water and vinegar then mix the grinded pigment with it. The Egg Tempera is
already made. Careful, it is a quickly dry paint. If you wanted to paint, do not
make too many paint or Egg Tempera. It must be one-by-one because Egg
Tempera cannot stay longer.

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C. Materials Used
 Egg Yolk
 Water
 Dry Towel
 Mortar and Pestle
 Vinegar
 Pigments (for the color)
 Bowl
D. Procedures
1. Gather the materials needed.
2. Grind the pigment using mortar and pestle.
3. Break the egg and discard the egg white.
4. Put the whole egg yolk in the towel and let it dry.
5. Peel the membrane of the egg yolk.
6. Place the egg yolk in the bowl.
7. Add some water and vinegar.
8. Mix the desired color of pigment.
9. Ready for testing and painting.

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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This shows the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data
gathered. In this part you will determine the time span of the researcher’s product.
And which among the 4 products gives off the most vibrancy.
A. Table I. Qualitative Data of Measurements
PRODUCT AMOUNT
OF
WATER
AMOUNT
OF
VINEGAR
AMOUNT
OF
PIGMENT
AMOUNT
OF EGG
YOLK
COLOR
OF
PIGMENT
1 2 ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED
2 3ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED
3 4ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED
4 5ML 1 ML ¼ tsp 1 RED

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B. Table II. Time Span of the Product in terms of Storing
C. Figure I. Vibrancy of The Product
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4
Vibrancy of the Product
PRODUCT TIME SPAN OF THE PRODUCT
1 4 HOURS
2 6 HOURS
3 8 HOURS
4 10 HOURS

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CHAPTER V
Conclusion and Generalization
Arriving at our results and outputs, the researchers came up that Egg
Tempera is effective as paint.
Here are the answers to the hypotheses above:
1. The product which gives off the most vibrancy is “Product 1” in
contradiction to our hypothesis. Product 4 has the advantage of time span
storing because it has the most water. It doesn’t dry quickly (evaporation).
2. The vinegar used in the mixture is indeed to prevent the bad odor from the
egg yolk and the long fermentation of the vinegar also helps in time span
storing the product.
3. Yes, it is very safe on its users because it is natural / organic.
4. The Egg Tempera Mixture itself is a colloid.
According to the data’s above, Product 1 is the most vibrant because it has
the less water and it has the shorter time span storing because it can evaporate
quickly due to less water added. Same goes with Products 2, 3, & 4. Water, as we
know is a base. According to our result, the vibrancy and the time span of the
mixture depends on the water added.

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CHAPTER VI
RECOMMENDATION
More than 10,000 people worldwide are artists. Let’s just say, all people are
artists. They use chemically produced paints in painting their houses, and etc. But
the question is, “Does it ever cross our minds that these paints can harm our
environment? Not just our environment but also us humans living in this planet?”
This has been a big issue in our society, specially, on the health of our young once.
Now, the time has come to slowly put an end to this outbreak.
The researchers would like to recommend their newest contribution to our
society to reduce this unseen impact in our world. They recommend this product
not only to students but also to everyone so that they could use this as an
alternative for chemically produced paints. Since this is easy to make and it is not
harmful to our health for it is made out of egg yolk, water and vinegar. It is proven
to be effective and quality base as well.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Online Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)
http://www.ehow.com/list_6910066_advantages-disadvantages-oil-paint.html
http://www.instructables.com/id/6-Unusual-Uses-for-Eggs/step4/Eggsactly-like-a-
First-Aid-Kit/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_paint
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paint
Books:
Buell, Phyllis and James Girard. Chemistry Fundamentals. An Environmental
Perspective, 2nd Edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
2003
Chiras, Daniel D. Environmental Science – Creating a Sustainable Future, 6th
Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2001