This document discusses the use of secondary data in research. It defines secondary data as data that has already been collected by someone else for another purpose. There are three main types of secondary data: documentary, survey-based, and multiple-source. Documentary data includes written materials like reports and non-written materials like photographs. Survey-based data refers to data collected from questionnaires by censuses, regular surveys, or ad-hoc surveys. Multiple-source data can be based on documentary or survey data and includes area-based and time series data. The document outlines advantages of secondary data like being less expensive and allowing longitudinal studies, but also disadvantages like data not matching the researcher's needs or lack of control over data quality.

1. Using secondary data
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2. First: Using secondary data
Most researches use some combination
of secondary and primary data. How
about your research?
Usually researchers refer to secondary
data first. Why?
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3. Types of secondary data
 They include both qualitative and
quantitative data and they can be used in
both descriptive and exploratory research.
 May be classified into 3 types:
1. Documentary
2. Multiple source
3. survey
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4. Documentary secondary
data
 Classified into two:
1. Written materials
2. Non-written materials
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5. Documentary secondary
data
1. Written materials:
Organization’s record
Organization’s web site
Reports
Books,
journals,
newspapers
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6. Documentary secondary
data
 Classifiedinto two:
2- Non-written materials
Tape and video recordings
Pictures
Drawings
Films and TV programs
Soft documents (CD)
 The documentary sources you have available will depend
on:
1. Whether you have been granted access to an
organization’s records
2. Your success in locating library, data archive and
commercial sources.
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7. Survey-based secondary
data
 Refers to data collected by questionnaires that have
been analyzed for their original purpose. They provide
raw data tables.
 They may be collectedthrough one of the following
methods:
1. Censuses: usually carried out by the government.
Population census.
2. Continuous regular surveys. They are repeated over
time.They include data collected over the year. e.g.,
Family spending survey, labor force survey. Also many
other organizations carry out regular surveys. This
source of data are very useful for conducting a
comparative studies.
3. Ad hoc survey:usually one-off surveys and are far
more specific in their subject matter. They include data
from questionnaires that have been taken by
independentresearchers, or org.
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8. Multiple-source secondary
data
 Can be based on documentary or on survey
data or mixed. They are 2 types:
1. Area based: focus on geographical area.
E.g., government publications, Journals.
2. Time series: include, Annual Abstract of
Statistics Regional Trends, Industry Statistics.
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9. Advantages of secondary
data
1. Less expensive and time saving.
2. Longitudinal and comparative studies
became possible.
3. Can result in unforeseen discoveries through
data reanalyzes.
4. Permanent and available.
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10. Disadvantages of secondary data
1. May be collected for a purpose that does
not match your need.
2. Access may be difficult or costly when data is
collected for commercial reason.
3. Aggregations processes and definitions may
be unsuitable.
4. No real control for data quality.
5. Initial purpose may dictate how data are
presented. e.g., published company reports
presented different from unpublished, also
newspaper report.
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11.  Thankyou