In present work, forced convection of a turbulent flow of, Al2O3 water nanofluid and Al Al2O3 water hybrid nanofluid a new advanced nanofluid composited of Al and Al2O3 nanoparticles through a double pipe heat exchanger is numerically analyzed. The solid model of the double pipe heat exchanger is created in design modular and analyzed by the computational software ANSYS 16.0.This work examines the effects of these two fluids as the working fluids, a wide range of Reynolds number 20000 = Re = 60000 and also the volume concentration 0.25 , and 0.5 on heat transfer and hydrodynamic performance. The finite volume discretization method is employed to solve the set of the governing equations. The results indicate that employing hybrid nanofluid improves the heat transfer rate with respect to nanofluid. However, the average increase of the average Nusselt number when compared to nanofluid in Al Al2O3 water hybrid nanofluid is 14 and the amount for the average increase of heat transfer coefficient would be 27.5 . Sakshi Jain | Prof. Rohit Soni "Use of Hybrid Nanofluid to Increase Heat Transfer Performance of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33581.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33581/use-of-hybrid-nanofluid-to-increase-heat-transfer-performance-of-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-using-cfd/sakshi-jain
Effects of Al2O3 Cu Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe He...ijtsrd
The researchers have consistently observed higher heat transfer rates with different kinds of nanofluids among others, Al2O3, Cu, CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CNT, nickel, Nano diamond, TiO2, and SiO2 flow in a tube under laminar or turbulent flow conditions. The heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids depends on particle concentrations, thermal conductivity of nanoparticles and mass flow rates. The thermal conductivity of nanoparticles may be altered or changed by synthesizing the hybrid nanocomposite nanoparticles and it is expected that fluids prepared with hybrid nanoparticles may cause further heat transfer enhancements. The hybrid nanoparticles may be defined as two or more different materials in the nanometer size hybrid nanoparticles represent an area of nanotechnology, which is experiencing a marked growth due to its potential impact in material science and engineering. In this Present work, a solid model of a double pipe heat exchanger is built. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the thermal efficiency of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water relative to single nano fluid Al2O3 and pure water. For which nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid passes through the tube side with 6mm diameter, while the hot fluid flows through the annulus side with a 16mm inside diameter and length 1000mm. For this we considered hot water is supplied to the outer tube at a volume flow rate of 3.5 litre min at a temperature of 353 K, while Cu Al2O3 Water based hybrid nanofluid of 0.3 volume concentration are supplied to the inner tube at different volume flow rate of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 litre min at temperature of 301K. From the present study, it has been found that at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8.and 1 liter per minute cold fluid flow rate and 3.5 liters per minute hot fluid flow rate the overall heat transfer coefficient is improved by 12 percent by the use of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water compared to single nano fluid Al2O3 . Prof. Om Prakash | Prabha Shankar Kumar ""Effects of Al2O3-Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using CFD"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30196.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30196/effects-of-al2o3-cuwater-hybrid-nanofluid-on-heat-transfer-of-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-using-cfd/prof-om-prakash
Comparative study of parabolic trough collector through MWCNT/H2o nanofluid a...Husain Mehdi
In this present work MWCNT nanofluid and water were used as working fluid to compare the thermal performance of solar parabolic trough collector. Both the fluids were flowing through receiver at different volume flow rates 160L/h and 100L/h. Experimental tests was performed only during sunny weather and temperature at outlet of receiver was measured through thermometer after every half an hour of total testing time period. MWCNT nanofluid with weight fraction 0.01% and 0.02% and water were used to find efficiency of system and it has been seen that MWCNT nanofluid 0.02wt% with 160L/h showed better results for overall thermal efficiency among other and also an application of surfactant Triton X-100 with in MWCNT nanofluid was used to enhance the quantity of heat absorption capability of base fluid
This document summarizes a study that investigated heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger using water-based TiO2 nanofluids. Two different weight fractions (0.1% and 0.5%) of TiO2 nanofluids were prepared and their heat transfer performance was experimentally tested in the plate heat exchanger. The results showed that the 0.5% nanofluid provided significant enhancement of the overall heat transfer coefficient at higher Reynolds numbers compared to water, while the 0.1% nanofluid showed a decrease compared to water.
Preparation of Nanofluid (Al2O3-water) for Energy StorageIOSR Journals
Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences providedby nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures inwhich mm or μm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed.At this research adding of small weight percent of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) for weight percent of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4wt.%) to pure water as energy storage in different industrial applications ,which gave us different behavior, adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4wt,% gave low temperature gradient than the pure water, while 0.3 wt.% gave greater temperature gradient than pure water which is desired.
Magnetic field effect on mixed convection flow in a nanofluid under convectiv...IAEME Publication
An analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of the prominent magnetic effect on mixed convection heat and mass transfer in the boundary layer region of a semi-infinite vertical flat plate in a nanofluid under the convective boundary conditions. The transformed boundary layer,ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fourth order method.
IRJET- Review on Applications of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle in Heat a...IRJET Journal
This document reviews applications of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in heat and mass transfer studies. It summarizes various literature that has investigated using nanoparticles suspended in base fluids. The literature shows that nanoparticles can improve the thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate of base fluids. Nanoparticles like Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 suspended in fluids like water and ethylene glycol have demonstrated enhanced heat transfer in applications like heat exchangers and cooling systems. Some literature also found improved mass transfer and absorption rates for processes like CO2 absorption when using nanoparticle suspensions. In general, the reviewed works indicate nanoparticles have potential to improve heat and mass transfer properties and rates compared to conventional fluids without nanoparticles.
Study of Forced Convection Heat Transfer with Single phase and mixture phase ...IOSRJMCE
In this study, forced convection heat transfer of nanoliquids is done using both single-phase and mixture-phase models and the results are compared with experimental results. The governing equations of the study here are discretized using the finite volume method. Hybrid differencing scheme is used to calculate the face values of the control volumes. A code is written using SIMPLER algorithm and then solved using the MATLAB engine. The mixture-phase model studied here, considers two slip mechanisms between nanoparticle and base-fluid, namely Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Al2O3-water nanofluid is used for the study of nanofluid and the study shows significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient while the mixturephase model demonstrates slightly lower values than the single-phase model. The study is done with various nanoparticle concentrations and Reynolds numbers. With increasing particle concentration and Reynolds number, the convective heat transfer coefficient increases and as well as the shear stress. For low concentrations of the nanoparticle, Nusselt number is slightly lower than the base fluid and as the concentration increases, the Nusselt number also rises higher than the base fluid
This review article summarizes recent progress in researching nanofluids, which are liquids containing nanoscale solid particles. Nanofluids show potential for enhanced heat transfer applications. The article discusses nanofluid fabrication methods, evaluation of stability over time, procedures to improve stability, analysis of thermophysical properties, and challenges to commercialization. It identifies opportunities for future work to bridge the gap between laboratory research and real-world application of nanofluids, such as understanding nanofluid behavior and stability under operating conditions.
Effects of Al2O3 Cu Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe He...ijtsrd
The researchers have consistently observed higher heat transfer rates with different kinds of nanofluids among others, Al2O3, Cu, CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CNT, nickel, Nano diamond, TiO2, and SiO2 flow in a tube under laminar or turbulent flow conditions. The heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids depends on particle concentrations, thermal conductivity of nanoparticles and mass flow rates. The thermal conductivity of nanoparticles may be altered or changed by synthesizing the hybrid nanocomposite nanoparticles and it is expected that fluids prepared with hybrid nanoparticles may cause further heat transfer enhancements. The hybrid nanoparticles may be defined as two or more different materials in the nanometer size hybrid nanoparticles represent an area of nanotechnology, which is experiencing a marked growth due to its potential impact in material science and engineering. In this Present work, a solid model of a double pipe heat exchanger is built. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the thermal efficiency of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water relative to single nano fluid Al2O3 and pure water. For which nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid passes through the tube side with 6mm diameter, while the hot fluid flows through the annulus side with a 16mm inside diameter and length 1000mm. For this we considered hot water is supplied to the outer tube at a volume flow rate of 3.5 litre min at a temperature of 353 K, while Cu Al2O3 Water based hybrid nanofluid of 0.3 volume concentration are supplied to the inner tube at different volume flow rate of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 litre min at temperature of 301K. From the present study, it has been found that at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8.and 1 liter per minute cold fluid flow rate and 3.5 liters per minute hot fluid flow rate the overall heat transfer coefficient is improved by 12 percent by the use of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water compared to single nano fluid Al2O3 . Prof. Om Prakash | Prabha Shankar Kumar ""Effects of Al2O3-Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using CFD"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30196.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30196/effects-of-al2o3-cuwater-hybrid-nanofluid-on-heat-transfer-of-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-using-cfd/prof-om-prakash
Comparative study of parabolic trough collector through MWCNT/H2o nanofluid a...Husain Mehdi
In this present work MWCNT nanofluid and water were used as working fluid to compare the thermal performance of solar parabolic trough collector. Both the fluids were flowing through receiver at different volume flow rates 160L/h and 100L/h. Experimental tests was performed only during sunny weather and temperature at outlet of receiver was measured through thermometer after every half an hour of total testing time period. MWCNT nanofluid with weight fraction 0.01% and 0.02% and water were used to find efficiency of system and it has been seen that MWCNT nanofluid 0.02wt% with 160L/h showed better results for overall thermal efficiency among other and also an application of surfactant Triton X-100 with in MWCNT nanofluid was used to enhance the quantity of heat absorption capability of base fluid
This document summarizes a study that investigated heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger using water-based TiO2 nanofluids. Two different weight fractions (0.1% and 0.5%) of TiO2 nanofluids were prepared and their heat transfer performance was experimentally tested in the plate heat exchanger. The results showed that the 0.5% nanofluid provided significant enhancement of the overall heat transfer coefficient at higher Reynolds numbers compared to water, while the 0.1% nanofluid showed a decrease compared to water.
Preparation of Nanofluid (Al2O3-water) for Energy StorageIOSR Journals
Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences providedby nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures inwhich mm or μm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed.At this research adding of small weight percent of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) for weight percent of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4wt.%) to pure water as energy storage in different industrial applications ,which gave us different behavior, adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4wt,% gave low temperature gradient than the pure water, while 0.3 wt.% gave greater temperature gradient than pure water which is desired.
Magnetic field effect on mixed convection flow in a nanofluid under convectiv...IAEME Publication
An analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of the prominent magnetic effect on mixed convection heat and mass transfer in the boundary layer region of a semi-infinite vertical flat plate in a nanofluid under the convective boundary conditions. The transformed boundary layer,ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fourth order method.
IRJET- Review on Applications of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle in Heat a...IRJET Journal
This document reviews applications of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in heat and mass transfer studies. It summarizes various literature that has investigated using nanoparticles suspended in base fluids. The literature shows that nanoparticles can improve the thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate of base fluids. Nanoparticles like Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 suspended in fluids like water and ethylene glycol have demonstrated enhanced heat transfer in applications like heat exchangers and cooling systems. Some literature also found improved mass transfer and absorption rates for processes like CO2 absorption when using nanoparticle suspensions. In general, the reviewed works indicate nanoparticles have potential to improve heat and mass transfer properties and rates compared to conventional fluids without nanoparticles.
Study of Forced Convection Heat Transfer with Single phase and mixture phase ...IOSRJMCE
In this study, forced convection heat transfer of nanoliquids is done using both single-phase and mixture-phase models and the results are compared with experimental results. The governing equations of the study here are discretized using the finite volume method. Hybrid differencing scheme is used to calculate the face values of the control volumes. A code is written using SIMPLER algorithm and then solved using the MATLAB engine. The mixture-phase model studied here, considers two slip mechanisms between nanoparticle and base-fluid, namely Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Al2O3-water nanofluid is used for the study of nanofluid and the study shows significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient while the mixturephase model demonstrates slightly lower values than the single-phase model. The study is done with various nanoparticle concentrations and Reynolds numbers. With increasing particle concentration and Reynolds number, the convective heat transfer coefficient increases and as well as the shear stress. For low concentrations of the nanoparticle, Nusselt number is slightly lower than the base fluid and as the concentration increases, the Nusselt number also rises higher than the base fluid
This review article summarizes recent progress in researching nanofluids, which are liquids containing nanoscale solid particles. Nanofluids show potential for enhanced heat transfer applications. The article discusses nanofluid fabrication methods, evaluation of stability over time, procedures to improve stability, analysis of thermophysical properties, and challenges to commercialization. It identifies opportunities for future work to bridge the gap between laboratory research and real-world application of nanofluids, such as understanding nanofluid behavior and stability under operating conditions.
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way.
Experimental Study on the Effect of CuO DI Water Nanofluids on Heat Transfer ...YogeshIJTSRD
The document summarizes an experimental study on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of CuO/DI water nanofluids flowing through a plain tube with spiraled rod inserts (SRI) under laminar flow conditions. Key findings include a 19% increase in Nusselt number for nanofluids compared to DI water in a plain tube, and increases of 35.9% and 37.2% with nanofluids and 50mm and 30mm pitches SRI respectively. The estimated friction factor with nanofluids was 4.2% higher than DI water, considered insignificant. Previous studies finding heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids are also summarized.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOFLUIDS PREPARED FROM BIOBASED NANOMATERIALS DISPE...IAEME Publication
In the present study, experimental investigation on thermal conductivity of green
nanofluids prepared from coconut fibre-based nanoparticles and suspended in 60:40
ethylene glycol (EG) water (W) mixture was carried out. The measurement of thermal
conductivity was conducted at 15 °C to 60 °C at mass fractions of 0.04 wt%, 0.08
wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%. The results show deterioration in thermal conductivity with
an increasing temperature. Also the deterioration increased as the mass fraction
increased.
EFFECT OF (MGO) NANOFLUID ON HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS FOR INTEGRAL FINNE...IAEME Publication
Experimental investigations have been carried out in this paper to study the enhancement of heat transfer characteristics for cross flow low integral finned tube heat exchanger with using of (MgO) nanofluid. The study includes designing and manufacturing of test section from Pyrex glass with dimensions (2505001200) mm width, height and length, respectively. has a single copper tube with eight passes.. The low integral finned tube with (19 mm) inner diameter, (21 mm) root diameter and (24 mm) outer diameter. The fin height is (1.5 mm), thickness (1 mm) and the pitch is (2 mm). Air was used as a cooling fluid passing across the test tube with a range of velocities (1, 2, 3 and 4) m/sec. The inner side flow rates with a range of (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) L/min. for water and for nanofluid.
Effect of nanofluid on friction factor of pipe and pipe fittings part ii ef...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is prepared by mixing nano sized particles of size up to 100 nm and a base fluid. Commonly used nanoparticles are made of metals, oxides or carbides, while base fluids may be water, ethylene glycol or oil. Normally, the application of nanofluids is to enhance the heat transfer rate. Due to mixing of nanoparticles in the base fluid, the thermo-physical properties of the resulting mixture (base fluid + nanoparticles) changes. Therefore, resistance to flow of nanofluid increases which increases the friction factor and reduces the flow rate. In the part I of paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion mixed in water as base fluid on Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings. The present study deals with the effect of CuO nanofluid on the Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings. The friction factor and loss coefficient of different pipes and pipe fittings increase with increase in volume concentration of CuO in water as compared to water. Keywords: Nanofluid, Friction Factor, Pipe Friction, Pipe Fitting, CuO Nanoparticles
Modeling of variable speed compressor vapour compression refrigeration system...Husain Mehdi
Lots of researches have been done and going on based on the performance evaluation of various metallic/ nonmetallic nanoparticle suspended into the conventional fluid to enhance the heat transfer property of base fluid. Also some theoretical analysis of suspension of nanoparticle Al2O3 in conventional refrigerant. On the other hand the performance of vapour compression cycle based chiller facility using nano refrigerant yet to be analyzed with different type, concentration and diameter of nanoparticle. Such as TiO2, CuO nanoparticle suspension into conventional refrigerant with different concentration and diameter have been analyzed by several investigators and also effect of variation of concentration and nanoparticle diameter on the first and second law performance of vapour compression refrigeration system is presented. The effect of changing input parameter of VCRS using nano refrigerant also affecting significantly the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and very little condor heat transfer coefficient. The idea of Suspension nanoparticle into conventional refrigerant and theoretical analysis of VCRS using nano-refrigerant is proposed after going through extensive literature review presented in this paper.
Effect of nanofluid on efficiency of centrifugal pumpeSAT Journals
Abstract Various nano sized particles are mixed in a base fluid to prepare nanofluid. Typical nanoparticles used are of metals, oxides or carbides which are mixed in base fluids like water, ethylene glycol or oil depending upon the application. Generally, nanofluids are used to enhance heat transfer rate. Because of application of nanofluid, resistance to fluid flow increases which increases the friction factor and reduces the flow rate. This phenomenon also affects the performance of centrifugal pump. In the present paper, an experimental investigation is carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion and CuO nanoparticles mixed in water as base fluid on efficiency of centrifugal pump. The Al2O3 and CuO nanofluid prepared in volume concentrations of 0.001 %, 0.002 %, 0.003 % and 0.004 % by using two step method. The results show that the efficiency of centrifugal pump decreases with increase in volume concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion and CuO nanoparticles compared to water. Keywords: Nanofluid, Efficiency, Centrifugal Pump, Al2O3 Nano-dispersion, CuO Nanofluid.
Effect of salt magnesium chloride on vapour liquid equilibria of binary aze...eSAT Journals
Abstract Separation of azeotropic liquid mixtures using distillation is a challenging task for process engineers. A straight distillation is not useful for complete separation of mixture components for azeotropic liquid mixtures. The conventional process using liquid entrainer is energy intensive and involves running extra distillation column. The salt which dissolve in liquid mixture but has different solubility in components of liquid mixture can be used as the extracting agent like that of liquid entrainer. The added salt can hold the component in equilibrium liquid phase which has more solubility and hence can enrich the equilibrium vapour phase with the other component. Therefore the added salt has the capability to alter the relative volatility of liquid mixture. The Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium data indicates the relative amount of components in liquid and vapour phase and hence indicates extend up to which liquid mixture can be separated using distillation. In this paper we have studied the separation of one of the important azeotropic liquid mixture Ethyl Acetate –Ethanol in presence of salt Magnesium Chloride. The Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) data of binary liquid mixture Ethyl Acetate (A)- Ethanol (B) without salt and with salt is obtained experimentally by using modified Othmer’s still. The system found to forms the minimum boiling azeotrope at 0.550 mole fraction of ethyl acetate at 71.7 0C under the normal atmospheric pressure. The effect of addition of salt Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) has been studied on the vapour - liquid equilibria of ethyl acetate- ethanol. Two different compositions of salt (20% and 25% by weight of ethanol in mixture) have been tried and corresponding shift in azeotropic point towards the higher composition of ethyl acetate than without salt is noted. Keywords: VLE, binary, azeotrope, mole fraction, salt.
Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano F...IJERA Editor
A Nano fluid is the evolving concept which is very rarely used in the many core industries. Nano fluids have
found a great application in heat exchangers by increasing the thermal conductivity. We have aimed to
increasing the heat transfer co-efficient by using copper oxide Nano fluid. The Nano particles are formed by
using precipitation method and their fluids are formed by adding surfactants to the base fluid. The comparative
study on the Heat exchanger is made by using the CuO Nano Fluid and Hot water. The analysis and the results
shows that the overall heat transfer rate increases when subjected to Nano Fluids. The ethylene glycol fluid used
along with copper oxide Nano fluid will offer resistance to fouling.
IRJET- Effect of Volume Concentration on Various Thermo-Physical Properties o...IRJET Journal
This document presents a theoretical analysis of the effect of volume concentration on various thermo-physical properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid used in a flat plate solar collector. A mathematical model and MATLAB code were developed to calculate properties like density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and Nusselt number. The results showed that density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity increased with higher nanoparticle volume concentration, while specific heat decreased. The Nusselt number also increased with higher volume concentration and larger nanoparticle diameter. In conclusion, CuO nanofluid can enhance the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors due to improved thermo-physical properties at higher nanoparticle concentrations and diameters.
1. article in mathematical problems in engineering 2020MohamedSANNAD2
This document summarizes a numerical study that simulated natural convection heat transfer in a cubical cavity filled with nanofluids. The cavity is heated by a partition maintained at a hot temperature, while the right and left walls are kept at a cold temperature and the rest are adiabatic. Results show that increasing the Rayleigh number, volume fraction of nanoparticles, and size of the heating partition all improve heat transfer. Copper-based nanofluids provided the best thermal transfer. The study analyzes temperature, velocity and heat transfer to understand how nanofluids affect natural convection in 3D enclosures.
IRJET- Heat Transfer Enhancement of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Al2O3 N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that compared the heat transfer enhancement of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluids and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids in a smooth tube. The researchers varied the volumetric concentrations of the nanofluids and measured the heat transfer coefficient across a range of Reynolds numbers from laminar to turbulent flow. Their results showed that MWCNT nanofluids provided a maximum enhancement of 38% at a concentration of 0.2% and Reynolds number of 18,072, while Al2O3 nanofluids gave a maximum enhancement of 47.75% at 1% concentration and a Reynolds number of 14,488. They concluded that MWCNT
CFD Analysis and Melting Performance of PCMs in Two Dimensional SphereIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical study comparing the melting performance of three phase change materials (PCMs) - paraffin wax, sodium acetate trihydrate, and lauric acid - in a two-dimensional hollow spherical container. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze melt fraction contours and temperature distributions over time as each PCM melts. Grid independence and time independence tests were performed to select appropriate mesh and time step sizes for the simulations. Results show the energy stored by each PCM and compare their melting performances.
Enhanced fluidized bed methanation over a Ni Al2O3 catalyst for production of...Pengcheng Li
This document summarizes a study that investigated the fluidization behavior and CO methanation performance of a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor for producing synthetic natural gas. The researchers found that the pure Ni/Al2O3 catalyst failed to properly fluidize on its own due to particle sizes between 10 and 100 μm, but fluidization was improved by adding larger Al2O3 particles. Methanation performance in the fluidized bed reactor increased substantially with the Al2O3 addition. Temperature was found to control the methanation reaction mechanism, with surface reactions dominating at lower temperatures and external diffusion controlling at higher temperatures. Stability tests showed the fluidized bed reactor had higher CO conversion, methane selectivity
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In order to study the WGS on an industrial scale at a low pressure, the modeling andsimulation of a WGS reactor operating at a pressure close to Patm and processing an industrial charge in the presence of a high temperature shift catalyst (Fe2O3/Cr2O3) were performed. The Profiles of the carbon monoxide conversion, temperature and pressure along the reactor were obtained. The effect of several operating parameters (inlet temperature, H2O/CO ratio) on the conversion of carbon monoxide along the reactor has been determined. The estimated catalytic mass to convert 60.5% of the carbon monoxide contained in the inlet is 170.76 t. The pressure drops in the reactor are not negligible and the maximum temperaturereached is without any harmful effect on the catalyst. The choice of an optimal inlet temperature and a high H2O/CO ratio improves the conversion of carbon monoxide.
This document describes a model developed to predict the optimal reaction temperature of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit riser. A pseudo-homogeneous two-dimensional model was developed using a five-lump reaction scheme. Mass transfer resistance was incorporated to improve accuracy over previous one-dimensional plug flow models. Finite difference methods were used to discretize the governing equations which were then solved using MATLAB. Simulation results identified three temperature regimes for catalyst coking. An optimum temperature range of 786K-788K and catalyst-to-oil ratio range of 4.60-4.71 were predicted to minimize coke on catalyst without reducing gasoline yield.
This document reviews the preparation, properties, and applications of nanofluids. It discusses:
1) Methods for preparing nanofluids and factors that influence their stability and thermal properties.
2) Experimental and theoretical models that have been used to analyze the thermal conductivity and other properties of nanofluids. Many studies found thermal conductivity increased significantly with only small amounts of nanoparticles.
3) Potential applications of nanofluids in various industries where enhanced heat transfer is important, such as electronics, automobiles, and power plants. However, issues around nanofluid stability and production costs need further research before wide commercial use.
CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling ...ijtsrd
It takes a lot of energy to have a good life. For living and working, humans nowadays rely on an abundant and constant source of power. Because energy is depleting at such a rapid rate, it has become important to use heat more efficiently, which necessitates that we preserve. As a result of the global energy crisis, many researchers have worked to improve the efficiency of thermal systems and reduce the size and thus energy consumption rates, which is one of the most critical problems due to the large and continuing increase in consumption, the increasing scarcity of energy resources, and the high cost. A 3 dimensional numerical 3 D simulation was used to evaluate the thermal properties of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs. Handling air flow velocity through the channel was varied from 3.97 to 5.80 m s. is the subject of this study. The heat transfer physiognomies of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs were studied using the simulation tool ANSYS 19.2. The numerical results showed that the combination of dimple ribs enhanced heat transfer significantly more than the dimple. In comparison, the average Nusselt number of a combination of dimple ribs is 4.28 percent higher than that of a channel with dimpled Plate. Abhishek Singh | Prof. Rohit Soni "CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling Combination of Dimple Ribs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47712.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/47712/cfd-analysis-to-analyze-thermal-characteristics-of-a-heat-exchanger-handling-combination-of-dimple-ribs/abhishek-singh
Heat Transfer Analysis of a Plate Heat Exchanger with a Combination of Ribs a...ijtsrd
The advancements and improvements in all heat transfer equipment’s are primarily intended to save energy and reduce project capital investment expenses energy or material . A better heat exchanger is one that can transfer a high heat rate while using a low pumping power and at a cheap cost. Passive heat transfer enhancement techniques have various benefits over other heat transfer enhancement techniques, including low cost, ease of fabrication, and installation. Rib turbulators can enhance heat transmission significantly, but they generally come at a considerable cost in terms of pressure loss. Dimple techniques have lately gained popularity because to their ability to promote heat transmission while imposing a minor pressure penalty. When dimple surfaces are mixed with nanofluids, some studies have seen increased heat transmission, but the key concern is an increase in the systems friction factor, which is also regulated within acceptable ranges. The thermal characteristics of a heat exchanger with a combination of dimple ribs were evaluated using a 3 dimensional numerical 3 D simulation. The subject of this study is the handling of air flow velocity through the channel, which was changed from 3.97 to 5.80 m s. The simulation programme ANSYS 19.2 was used to investigate the heat transfer physiognomies of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs. The numerical findings revealed that the combination of dimple ribs greatly improved heat transmission over the dimple alone. In comparison, the average Nusselt number of a channel with dimpled Plate is 4.28 percent more than that of a channel with dimpled ribs. Prof. Pushparaj Singh | Navin Kumar "Heat Transfer Analysis of a Plate Heat Exchanger with a Combination of Ribs and Dimples using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49887.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/49887/heat-transfer-analysis-of-a-plate-heat-exchanger-with-a-combination-of-ribs-and-dimples-using-cfd/prof-pushparaj-singh
Evaluation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Performance by Using ZnO/Water Na...Barhm Mohamad
To examine and investigate the impact of nanofluid on heat exchanger performance, including the total heat transfer, the effect of friction factor, the average Nusselt number, and the thermal efficiency, the output heat transfers of a shell and tube heat exchanger using ZnO nanoparticles suspended in water has been conducted numerically. The governing equations were solved using finite volume techniques and CFD simulations with ANSYS/FLUENT Solver 2021. The nanoparticles volume fractions adopted are 0.2% and 0.35% that used in numerical computations under 200 to 1400 Reynolds numbers range. The increasing of temperature is approximately 13% from the bottom to the top of heat exchanger, while the maximum enhancement of Nusselt number is about 10%, 19% for volume fractions 0.2% and 0.35% respectively. The elevated values of the friction factor at the volumetric ratios of 0.2% and 0.35% are 0.25% and 0.47% respectively. The findings demonstrate that the performance efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger is enhanced due to the increase in Nusselt number.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis of Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger by using Ansys...IRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis of a corrugated plate heat exchanger using ANSYS software through finite element analysis. It summarizes previous research on using nanofluids like Al2O3 in water to improve heat transfer in these types of heat exchangers. The document then outlines the methodology that will be used, which involves studying the corrugated plate heat exchanger with counterflow configuration and varying parameters like volume flow rate and corrugation angle to determine the optimal heat transfer results.
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way.
Experimental Study on the Effect of CuO DI Water Nanofluids on Heat Transfer ...YogeshIJTSRD
The document summarizes an experimental study on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of CuO/DI water nanofluids flowing through a plain tube with spiraled rod inserts (SRI) under laminar flow conditions. Key findings include a 19% increase in Nusselt number for nanofluids compared to DI water in a plain tube, and increases of 35.9% and 37.2% with nanofluids and 50mm and 30mm pitches SRI respectively. The estimated friction factor with nanofluids was 4.2% higher than DI water, considered insignificant. Previous studies finding heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids are also summarized.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOFLUIDS PREPARED FROM BIOBASED NANOMATERIALS DISPE...IAEME Publication
In the present study, experimental investigation on thermal conductivity of green
nanofluids prepared from coconut fibre-based nanoparticles and suspended in 60:40
ethylene glycol (EG) water (W) mixture was carried out. The measurement of thermal
conductivity was conducted at 15 °C to 60 °C at mass fractions of 0.04 wt%, 0.08
wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%. The results show deterioration in thermal conductivity with
an increasing temperature. Also the deterioration increased as the mass fraction
increased.
EFFECT OF (MGO) NANOFLUID ON HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS FOR INTEGRAL FINNE...IAEME Publication
Experimental investigations have been carried out in this paper to study the enhancement of heat transfer characteristics for cross flow low integral finned tube heat exchanger with using of (MgO) nanofluid. The study includes designing and manufacturing of test section from Pyrex glass with dimensions (2505001200) mm width, height and length, respectively. has a single copper tube with eight passes.. The low integral finned tube with (19 mm) inner diameter, (21 mm) root diameter and (24 mm) outer diameter. The fin height is (1.5 mm), thickness (1 mm) and the pitch is (2 mm). Air was used as a cooling fluid passing across the test tube with a range of velocities (1, 2, 3 and 4) m/sec. The inner side flow rates with a range of (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) L/min. for water and for nanofluid.
Effect of nanofluid on friction factor of pipe and pipe fittings part ii ef...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is prepared by mixing nano sized particles of size up to 100 nm and a base fluid. Commonly used nanoparticles are made of metals, oxides or carbides, while base fluids may be water, ethylene glycol or oil. Normally, the application of nanofluids is to enhance the heat transfer rate. Due to mixing of nanoparticles in the base fluid, the thermo-physical properties of the resulting mixture (base fluid + nanoparticles) changes. Therefore, resistance to flow of nanofluid increases which increases the friction factor and reduces the flow rate. In the part I of paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion mixed in water as base fluid on Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings. The present study deals with the effect of CuO nanofluid on the Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings. The friction factor and loss coefficient of different pipes and pipe fittings increase with increase in volume concentration of CuO in water as compared to water. Keywords: Nanofluid, Friction Factor, Pipe Friction, Pipe Fitting, CuO Nanoparticles
Modeling of variable speed compressor vapour compression refrigeration system...Husain Mehdi
Lots of researches have been done and going on based on the performance evaluation of various metallic/ nonmetallic nanoparticle suspended into the conventional fluid to enhance the heat transfer property of base fluid. Also some theoretical analysis of suspension of nanoparticle Al2O3 in conventional refrigerant. On the other hand the performance of vapour compression cycle based chiller facility using nano refrigerant yet to be analyzed with different type, concentration and diameter of nanoparticle. Such as TiO2, CuO nanoparticle suspension into conventional refrigerant with different concentration and diameter have been analyzed by several investigators and also effect of variation of concentration and nanoparticle diameter on the first and second law performance of vapour compression refrigeration system is presented. The effect of changing input parameter of VCRS using nano refrigerant also affecting significantly the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and very little condor heat transfer coefficient. The idea of Suspension nanoparticle into conventional refrigerant and theoretical analysis of VCRS using nano-refrigerant is proposed after going through extensive literature review presented in this paper.
Effect of nanofluid on efficiency of centrifugal pumpeSAT Journals
Abstract Various nano sized particles are mixed in a base fluid to prepare nanofluid. Typical nanoparticles used are of metals, oxides or carbides which are mixed in base fluids like water, ethylene glycol or oil depending upon the application. Generally, nanofluids are used to enhance heat transfer rate. Because of application of nanofluid, resistance to fluid flow increases which increases the friction factor and reduces the flow rate. This phenomenon also affects the performance of centrifugal pump. In the present paper, an experimental investigation is carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion and CuO nanoparticles mixed in water as base fluid on efficiency of centrifugal pump. The Al2O3 and CuO nanofluid prepared in volume concentrations of 0.001 %, 0.002 %, 0.003 % and 0.004 % by using two step method. The results show that the efficiency of centrifugal pump decreases with increase in volume concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion and CuO nanoparticles compared to water. Keywords: Nanofluid, Efficiency, Centrifugal Pump, Al2O3 Nano-dispersion, CuO Nanofluid.
Effect of salt magnesium chloride on vapour liquid equilibria of binary aze...eSAT Journals
Abstract Separation of azeotropic liquid mixtures using distillation is a challenging task for process engineers. A straight distillation is not useful for complete separation of mixture components for azeotropic liquid mixtures. The conventional process using liquid entrainer is energy intensive and involves running extra distillation column. The salt which dissolve in liquid mixture but has different solubility in components of liquid mixture can be used as the extracting agent like that of liquid entrainer. The added salt can hold the component in equilibrium liquid phase which has more solubility and hence can enrich the equilibrium vapour phase with the other component. Therefore the added salt has the capability to alter the relative volatility of liquid mixture. The Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium data indicates the relative amount of components in liquid and vapour phase and hence indicates extend up to which liquid mixture can be separated using distillation. In this paper we have studied the separation of one of the important azeotropic liquid mixture Ethyl Acetate –Ethanol in presence of salt Magnesium Chloride. The Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) data of binary liquid mixture Ethyl Acetate (A)- Ethanol (B) without salt and with salt is obtained experimentally by using modified Othmer’s still. The system found to forms the minimum boiling azeotrope at 0.550 mole fraction of ethyl acetate at 71.7 0C under the normal atmospheric pressure. The effect of addition of salt Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) has been studied on the vapour - liquid equilibria of ethyl acetate- ethanol. Two different compositions of salt (20% and 25% by weight of ethanol in mixture) have been tried and corresponding shift in azeotropic point towards the higher composition of ethyl acetate than without salt is noted. Keywords: VLE, binary, azeotrope, mole fraction, salt.
Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano F...IJERA Editor
A Nano fluid is the evolving concept which is very rarely used in the many core industries. Nano fluids have
found a great application in heat exchangers by increasing the thermal conductivity. We have aimed to
increasing the heat transfer co-efficient by using copper oxide Nano fluid. The Nano particles are formed by
using precipitation method and their fluids are formed by adding surfactants to the base fluid. The comparative
study on the Heat exchanger is made by using the CuO Nano Fluid and Hot water. The analysis and the results
shows that the overall heat transfer rate increases when subjected to Nano Fluids. The ethylene glycol fluid used
along with copper oxide Nano fluid will offer resistance to fouling.
IRJET- Effect of Volume Concentration on Various Thermo-Physical Properties o...IRJET Journal
This document presents a theoretical analysis of the effect of volume concentration on various thermo-physical properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid used in a flat plate solar collector. A mathematical model and MATLAB code were developed to calculate properties like density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and Nusselt number. The results showed that density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity increased with higher nanoparticle volume concentration, while specific heat decreased. The Nusselt number also increased with higher volume concentration and larger nanoparticle diameter. In conclusion, CuO nanofluid can enhance the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors due to improved thermo-physical properties at higher nanoparticle concentrations and diameters.
1. article in mathematical problems in engineering 2020MohamedSANNAD2
This document summarizes a numerical study that simulated natural convection heat transfer in a cubical cavity filled with nanofluids. The cavity is heated by a partition maintained at a hot temperature, while the right and left walls are kept at a cold temperature and the rest are adiabatic. Results show that increasing the Rayleigh number, volume fraction of nanoparticles, and size of the heating partition all improve heat transfer. Copper-based nanofluids provided the best thermal transfer. The study analyzes temperature, velocity and heat transfer to understand how nanofluids affect natural convection in 3D enclosures.
IRJET- Heat Transfer Enhancement of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Al2O3 N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that compared the heat transfer enhancement of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluids and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids in a smooth tube. The researchers varied the volumetric concentrations of the nanofluids and measured the heat transfer coefficient across a range of Reynolds numbers from laminar to turbulent flow. Their results showed that MWCNT nanofluids provided a maximum enhancement of 38% at a concentration of 0.2% and Reynolds number of 18,072, while Al2O3 nanofluids gave a maximum enhancement of 47.75% at 1% concentration and a Reynolds number of 14,488. They concluded that MWCNT
CFD Analysis and Melting Performance of PCMs in Two Dimensional SphereIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical study comparing the melting performance of three phase change materials (PCMs) - paraffin wax, sodium acetate trihydrate, and lauric acid - in a two-dimensional hollow spherical container. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze melt fraction contours and temperature distributions over time as each PCM melts. Grid independence and time independence tests were performed to select appropriate mesh and time step sizes for the simulations. Results show the energy stored by each PCM and compare their melting performances.
Enhanced fluidized bed methanation over a Ni Al2O3 catalyst for production of...Pengcheng Li
This document summarizes a study that investigated the fluidization behavior and CO methanation performance of a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor for producing synthetic natural gas. The researchers found that the pure Ni/Al2O3 catalyst failed to properly fluidize on its own due to particle sizes between 10 and 100 μm, but fluidization was improved by adding larger Al2O3 particles. Methanation performance in the fluidized bed reactor increased substantially with the Al2O3 addition. Temperature was found to control the methanation reaction mechanism, with surface reactions dominating at lower temperatures and external diffusion controlling at higher temperatures. Stability tests showed the fluidized bed reactor had higher CO conversion, methane selectivity
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In order to study the WGS on an industrial scale at a low pressure, the modeling andsimulation of a WGS reactor operating at a pressure close to Patm and processing an industrial charge in the presence of a high temperature shift catalyst (Fe2O3/Cr2O3) were performed. The Profiles of the carbon monoxide conversion, temperature and pressure along the reactor were obtained. The effect of several operating parameters (inlet temperature, H2O/CO ratio) on the conversion of carbon monoxide along the reactor has been determined. The estimated catalytic mass to convert 60.5% of the carbon monoxide contained in the inlet is 170.76 t. The pressure drops in the reactor are not negligible and the maximum temperaturereached is without any harmful effect on the catalyst. The choice of an optimal inlet temperature and a high H2O/CO ratio improves the conversion of carbon monoxide.
This document describes a model developed to predict the optimal reaction temperature of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit riser. A pseudo-homogeneous two-dimensional model was developed using a five-lump reaction scheme. Mass transfer resistance was incorporated to improve accuracy over previous one-dimensional plug flow models. Finite difference methods were used to discretize the governing equations which were then solved using MATLAB. Simulation results identified three temperature regimes for catalyst coking. An optimum temperature range of 786K-788K and catalyst-to-oil ratio range of 4.60-4.71 were predicted to minimize coke on catalyst without reducing gasoline yield.
This document reviews the preparation, properties, and applications of nanofluids. It discusses:
1) Methods for preparing nanofluids and factors that influence their stability and thermal properties.
2) Experimental and theoretical models that have been used to analyze the thermal conductivity and other properties of nanofluids. Many studies found thermal conductivity increased significantly with only small amounts of nanoparticles.
3) Potential applications of nanofluids in various industries where enhanced heat transfer is important, such as electronics, automobiles, and power plants. However, issues around nanofluid stability and production costs need further research before wide commercial use.
CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling ...ijtsrd
It takes a lot of energy to have a good life. For living and working, humans nowadays rely on an abundant and constant source of power. Because energy is depleting at such a rapid rate, it has become important to use heat more efficiently, which necessitates that we preserve. As a result of the global energy crisis, many researchers have worked to improve the efficiency of thermal systems and reduce the size and thus energy consumption rates, which is one of the most critical problems due to the large and continuing increase in consumption, the increasing scarcity of energy resources, and the high cost. A 3 dimensional numerical 3 D simulation was used to evaluate the thermal properties of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs. Handling air flow velocity through the channel was varied from 3.97 to 5.80 m s. is the subject of this study. The heat transfer physiognomies of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs were studied using the simulation tool ANSYS 19.2. The numerical results showed that the combination of dimple ribs enhanced heat transfer significantly more than the dimple. In comparison, the average Nusselt number of a combination of dimple ribs is 4.28 percent higher than that of a channel with dimpled Plate. Abhishek Singh | Prof. Rohit Soni "CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling Combination of Dimple Ribs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47712.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/47712/cfd-analysis-to-analyze-thermal-characteristics-of-a-heat-exchanger-handling-combination-of-dimple-ribs/abhishek-singh
Heat Transfer Analysis of a Plate Heat Exchanger with a Combination of Ribs a...ijtsrd
The advancements and improvements in all heat transfer equipment’s are primarily intended to save energy and reduce project capital investment expenses energy or material . A better heat exchanger is one that can transfer a high heat rate while using a low pumping power and at a cheap cost. Passive heat transfer enhancement techniques have various benefits over other heat transfer enhancement techniques, including low cost, ease of fabrication, and installation. Rib turbulators can enhance heat transmission significantly, but they generally come at a considerable cost in terms of pressure loss. Dimple techniques have lately gained popularity because to their ability to promote heat transmission while imposing a minor pressure penalty. When dimple surfaces are mixed with nanofluids, some studies have seen increased heat transmission, but the key concern is an increase in the systems friction factor, which is also regulated within acceptable ranges. The thermal characteristics of a heat exchanger with a combination of dimple ribs were evaluated using a 3 dimensional numerical 3 D simulation. The subject of this study is the handling of air flow velocity through the channel, which was changed from 3.97 to 5.80 m s. The simulation programme ANSYS 19.2 was used to investigate the heat transfer physiognomies of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs. The numerical findings revealed that the combination of dimple ribs greatly improved heat transmission over the dimple alone. In comparison, the average Nusselt number of a channel with dimpled Plate is 4.28 percent more than that of a channel with dimpled ribs. Prof. Pushparaj Singh | Navin Kumar "Heat Transfer Analysis of a Plate Heat Exchanger with a Combination of Ribs and Dimples using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49887.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/49887/heat-transfer-analysis-of-a-plate-heat-exchanger-with-a-combination-of-ribs-and-dimples-using-cfd/prof-pushparaj-singh
Evaluation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Performance by Using ZnO/Water Na...Barhm Mohamad
To examine and investigate the impact of nanofluid on heat exchanger performance, including the total heat transfer, the effect of friction factor, the average Nusselt number, and the thermal efficiency, the output heat transfers of a shell and tube heat exchanger using ZnO nanoparticles suspended in water has been conducted numerically. The governing equations were solved using finite volume techniques and CFD simulations with ANSYS/FLUENT Solver 2021. The nanoparticles volume fractions adopted are 0.2% and 0.35% that used in numerical computations under 200 to 1400 Reynolds numbers range. The increasing of temperature is approximately 13% from the bottom to the top of heat exchanger, while the maximum enhancement of Nusselt number is about 10%, 19% for volume fractions 0.2% and 0.35% respectively. The elevated values of the friction factor at the volumetric ratios of 0.2% and 0.35% are 0.25% and 0.47% respectively. The findings demonstrate that the performance efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger is enhanced due to the increase in Nusselt number.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis of Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger by using Ansys...IRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis of a corrugated plate heat exchanger using ANSYS software through finite element analysis. It summarizes previous research on using nanofluids like Al2O3 in water to improve heat transfer in these types of heat exchangers. The document then outlines the methodology that will be used, which involves studying the corrugated plate heat exchanger with counterflow configuration and varying parameters like volume flow rate and corrugation angle to determine the optimal heat transfer results.
Numerical and CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement Technique in Shell an...IRJET Journal
This document reviews computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of heat transfer enhancement techniques in shell and tube heat exchangers using nanofluids. It begins with an introduction of heat exchangers, nanofluids, and CFD modeling. The review then examines literature on applications of nanofluids in various heat exchangers and effects on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. Key findings include nanofluids increasing heat transfer rates but also increasing viscosity. The review discusses challenges with CFD modeling of nanofluids and potential solutions. It aims to synthesize research to identify knowledge gaps and guide future work on analyzing heat exchangers with nanofluids.
Dive into the intricate world of mathematics through this thought-provoking and meticulously crafted presentation. We proudly present the groundbreaking research work of an MPhil student, a true testament to the dedication and intellectual prowess exhibited in unraveling new dimensions within the realm of mathematics.
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Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Heat Pipes using Al2O3/Benzene Based Nano-coo...RSIS International
Nowadays, the world is experiencing many challenges in solving heat transfer issues in various engineering systems. However, limited approaches are available to solve such challenges. To increase heat transfer, many researchers found that the Nanofluid is one of the feasible coolant which increase the working efficiency of many engineering devices. Electronic equipment dissipates enormous amount of heat while in operation which directly affect the work efficiency. To increase the efficiency it is mandatory to remove the heat by using proper coolant. Hence, the heat pipes are employed in electronic devices to remove the heat. To enhance the heat transfer in heat pipe nano-coolants may be used. In this present work, thermophysical properties of different types of base fluids with Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles have been investigated with different concentrations of Nanoparticles (1-5 % by volume) at 300K temperature. The effective thermal conductivity of Nanofluids is compared with the base fluid and the results show enhancement in thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of Nanofluid is increased up to 3% at 300K with 1 % by volume concentration of nanoparticles and 15% at 5% by volume of concentration as compared to Benzene (C6H6) base fluid.
IRJET- A Review on Improvement of Heat Transfer Rate by Passive MethodsIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on improving heat transfer rates through passive methods. It discusses how adding nanoparticles to fluids to create nanofluids can improve heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers. Several studies are summarized that found adding metal oxide nanoparticles like CuO and Al2O3 to water and ethylene glycol increased heat transfer rates compared to the base fluids alone. Corrugated plate heat exchangers in particular saw higher effectiveness with nanofluid use. However, more research is still needed to determine optimum nanoparticle concentrations for different nanofluids and applications. The aim of this review is to analyze how lower concentrations of Al2O3/water nanofluid could impact performance in plate heat exchangers.
CFD investigation on heat transfer enhancement in shell and tube heat exchang...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a shell and tube heat exchanger using graphene oxide (GO) nanofluid. A 3D model of a shell and tube heat exchanger is developed and GO nanofluid is introduced. Governing equations are solved numerically to analyze heat transfer performance. Results show that incorporating GO nanofluid leads to enhanced heat transfer compared to traditional fluids due to GO's higher thermal conductivity and its ability to disrupt thermal boundary layers and promote mixing. Heat transfer rate increased 42% and convective heat transfer coefficient increased 62% with GO nanofluid. This suggests GO nanofluid can significantly improve heat exchanger efficiency for applications like power plants and HVAC systems. Further
Effect of nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exch...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is a mixture of nano sized particles of size up to 100 nm and a base fluid. Typical nanoparticles are made of metals, oxides or carbides, while base fluids may be water, ethylene glycol or oil. The effect of nanofluid to enhance the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers is experimentally evaluated recently. The heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid mainly depends on type of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles and concentration of nanoparticles in base fluid. In the present paper, an experimental investigation is carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion mixed in water as base fluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger for parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. The volume concentrations of Al2O3 nanofluid prepared are 0.001 % to 0.01 %. The conclusion derived for the study is that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in volume concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion compared to water up to volume concentration of 0.008 % and then decreases. Keywords: Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Characteristics, Double Pipe Heat Exchagner, Al2O3 Nano-dispersion
CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Flower Baffle Using Carbon...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze a shell and tube heat exchanger with flower baffle plates. Carbon nano tubes (CNTs) were used as a nanofluid with water as the base fluid, to potentially increase heat transfer rates. The heat exchanger and baffles were modeled in SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS, and simulations were run to calculate temperature, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficients. The results showed that the nanofluid provided higher heat transfer than either the nanofluid or flower baffles alone.
Enhancement of Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Effectiveness by Using Porous Media...Barhm Mohamad
This document summarizes a study that investigated heat transfer enhancement in a double-pipe heat exchanger using porous media and TiO2 nanofluid. The study used steel balls as porous media packed in the inner pipe and TiO2-water nanofluid flowing through the inner pipe at various flow rates and nanoparticle volume fractions. Hot water flowed through the outer pipe. Results showed that using porous media and a 0.003 TiO2 nanofluid volume fraction improved heat transfer by 35.4% and improved effectiveness and NTU by 24% and 12.4%, respectively, compared to using just water. The porous media increased surface area for contact while the nanofluid improved thermophysical properties. Optimal design of porous media and nanofluid parameters can
Experimental investigation of cooling performance of an Automobile radiator u...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the cooling performance of an automobile radiator using an Al2O3-water+ethylene glycol nanofluid. Different volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles between 0.01-0.08% were added to the base fluid and tested. The maximum heat transfer performance observed was a 48% increase over water for the 0.08% volume fraction nanofluid. Flow rates were also varied between 3-15 liters per minute, showing increased heat transfer with higher flow. The nanofluid had increased thermal conductivity compared to the base fluid, improving the radiator's cooling capacity.
This document summarizes a study on the thermal performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger using nanofluids. Finite volume modeling was used to analyze heat transfer and flow characteristics. Various nanofluids including Ag, Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and TiO2 suspensions in water were tested and compared to pure water. The objectives were to analyze temperature profiles, heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops, and effectiveness. Results showed nanofluids had higher overall temperatures indicating more heat transfer compared to water alone. This study analyzed the potential for nanofluids to enhance heat exchanger performance.
This article presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer performance and pressure drop of nanofluids flowing under laminar flow conditions. Various nanoparticles including Al2O3, CuO, carbon nanotube and titanate nanotube dispersed in water and ethylene glycol/water were simulated. A single-phase model was used to predict the effects of parameters such as particle concentration, diameter, Brownian motion, Reynolds number, nanoparticle type and base fluid on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. The results indicated that particle concentration, Brownian motion and aspect ratio increased heat transfer, while particle diameter decreased it. The study provides considerations for choosing appropriate nanofluids for applications.
A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangersijtsrd
Now a day’s a geometrically modified Helical coil heat exchangers are widely using in industrial applications like cryogenic state processes, air conditioning, thermal nuclear reactors and waste heat recovery due to their compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. Advantage of using helical coils over straight tubes is that the residence time spread is reduced, allowing helical coils to be used to reduce axial dispersion in tubular reactors. In this study, numerical investigation of the influence of geometrical parameters such as tube diameter d , coil radius R , and coil pitch p on overall heat transfer coefficient in helical double tube heat exchangers are performed using a professional CFD software FLUENT. In recent years, numerous styles were introduced for heat exchangers that apply to completely different applications sadly, their heat transfer co efficient wasnt reliable at different operational conditions. the standard of the heat changed rate wasnt optimized and there have been many deficiencies and errors in styles. The heat transfer of the copper material is enhanced in comparison with other material unfortunately thermal resistance is reduced with an increase in pressure drop thus enhancing the heat transfer on the heat exchanger. Helical architecture is often designed with a clear motive of compact size and also address heat transfer co efficient and other ancillary attributes efficiently and effectively. So the better material is suggested for an industrial heat exchanger according to the applications is Copper with the basis of simulation results. The geometry and different dimension parameter of the helical coil show that the proposed study in different material properties and different mass flow rates to heat transfer are maximum in different parameter helical coil heat exchangers. Finally, the heat transfer increase for the copper material compared to another material but with the increase in pressure drop the corresponding thermal resistance decreases which allow the improved heat transfer rate and the rate increases from Aluminum to Bronze to Copper. With the drop in temperature, the thermal resistance is reduced which enhances the heat transfer rate. The simulation results show that the copper has a high heat transfer coefficient than Aluminum and Bronze while operating in identical conditions. Due to the extensive use of helical coils in various applications, knowledge about the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics are important. Atul Vats | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43650.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43650/a-review-on-study-of-heat-transfer-analysis-of-helical-coil-heat-exchangers/atul-vats
Performance Evaluation of U-Tube Pulsating Heat Pipe with Water-Based Nanofl...Adib Bin Rashid
The safety and efficiency of electronic equipment are becoming increasingly
critical as modern technologies progress significantly. The size of electronic
equipment is shrinking as it becomes more integrated. Hence, the heat load per
unit area increases, and the standard heat dissipation method may not fulfill their
requirements. Therefore, Pulsating Heat Pipe plays an essential role in efficiently
removing heat from congested surfaces to satisfy the requirement. To find
optimized parameters for a PHP, various investigations are conducted in this work
to help performance up-gradation of PHP. As the equipment gets smaller by size
and more heat has to be removed from smaller surfaces, nanoparticles can
significantly increase heat transfer performance. Furthermore, they can augment
the heat transfer ability of fluids inside the PHP by providing capillary wicking,
increased thermal effusivity, hydrodynamic instabilities, and structural disjoining
pressure. In this work, various experiment is carried out with water-based
Aluminum Oxide, Zinc Oxide, and Graphene Oxide Nanofluids. This work will help
upgrade PHP's performance and thus help enhance heat transfer performance
from smaller surfaces like Processor of Computers.
Effect of nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exch...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is a suspension of nano sized particles made up of metal, oxides or carbides of size up to 100 nm in a base fluid of water, ethylene glycol or oil. Recently large numbers of experiments have been are carried out to evaluate the effect of nanofluid in enhancement of the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers. The heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid mainly depends on type of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles, shape of nanoparticles, type of base fluid and concentration of nanoparticles in the base fluid. In the present paper, an experimental evaluation has been carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of CuO nanoparticles mixed in water on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger for parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. The volume concentrations of CuO nanofluid prepared by two step method are 0.002 %, 0.003% and 0.004 %. The conclusion derived for the study is that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in volume concentration of CuO nanoparticle compared to water which have been validated by theoretical prediction also. Keywords: Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Characteristics, Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, CuO Nanoparticles
This document summarizes a study on heat transfer enhancement using TiO2 nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger. Two concentrations of TiO2 nanofluids (0.1% and 0.5% by weight) were tested and their heat transfer coefficients were compared to water. The results showed that at higher Reynolds numbers, the 0.5% nanofluid provided significant enhancement over water, while the 0.1% nanofluid showed a decrease in heat transfer coefficient compared to water. Overall, nanofluids can increase heat transfer at higher flow rates but may decrease it at lower flow rates compared to the base fluid alone.
Similar to Use of Hybrid Nanofluid to Increase Heat Transfer Performance of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using CFD (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
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Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33581
When two or more materials are mixed so that their combination has a different chemical bond entitled “hybrid metals”. In
fact, when two or more metals delivered the homogeneous phase with simultaneous mixing named “hybrid nanofluid" [6
8]. This advanced class of nanofluids showed promising enhancement in heat transfer characteristics and thermophysical
and hydrodynamic properties compared to unitary nanofluids [9, 10]. The most important exclusivity of hybrid nanofluid
refers to composition of two variant types of dis
have been chosen properly, they can enhance the positive features of each other and cover the disadvantages of just one
material. For example, alumina (that is a ceramic material) has
a great deal of stability; while Al2O3 exhibits lower thermal conductivity with respect to the metallic nanoparticles.
Figure 2 Preparation methods for hybrid nanofluids, application and its impa
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
As the need for reliable heat transfer systems has grown, since the mid
techniques of heat transfer enhancement. The significant increase in the number of scienti
subject has shown, to date, that heat transfer technology has advanced considerably.
Significant theoretical and analytical and computational studies to enhance heat transfer have been performed. The
following chapter offers a short summary of the relevant literature showing the degree to which work has already been
published in the publication on the growth, the application of nano fluids, their use in different heat exchangers and
numerous methods available of hybrid nanofluid preparation to allow for the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles.
2.1. Previous Work
Maxwell (1873) was the first to report the thermal conductivity enrichment of conventional fluids with the challenges of
sedimentation, clogging and erosion in flow tracks [1]. Afterward,
conductivity enhancement with the additi
encountered the same problems of sedimentation, enhanced pumping power, erosion and clogging [2].
(1962) also contributed by extending the work of Maxwell and p
thermophysical properties of the particles suspended fluids [3].
In 1995, the work of Choi revolutionized the field of heat carrying fluids when first time fabricated the nanofluids that
exhibited enhanced thermal transport properties with better stability in comparison of fluids containing the milli and
micro sized solid particles [4].
With this invention, researchers started to investigate the nanofluids with great interest.
Pak and Cho (1998) conducted heat transfer and friction factor experiments for Al
in the Reynolds number range from 104 to 105 and the
transfer enhancement compared to the base fluid (water); they also propose newly
[5].
Later on, Xuan and Li (2001) used Cu/water and Cu/transformer oil na
enhancements as compared to the base fluids. In another study,
of 60% for 2.0% volume concentration of Cu/water nanofluid flowing in a tube at a Reynolds number of 250
report separated Nusselt number correlations for laminar and turbulent flow, respectively [6,7].
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
33581 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September
more materials are mixed so that their combination has a different chemical bond entitled “hybrid metals”. In
fact, when two or more metals delivered the homogeneous phase with simultaneous mixing named “hybrid nanofluid" [6
fluids showed promising enhancement in heat transfer characteristics and thermophysical
and hydrodynamic properties compared to unitary nanofluids [9, 10]. The most important exclusivity of hybrid nanofluid
refers to composition of two variant types of dispersed nanoparticles in a base fluid. Thus, when materials of particles
have been chosen properly, they can enhance the positive features of each other and cover the disadvantages of just one
material. For example, alumina (that is a ceramic material) has many beneficial properties such as chemical inertness and
exhibits lower thermal conductivity with respect to the metallic nanoparticles.
Preparation methods for hybrid nanofluids, application and its impact on thermophysical properties
As the need for reliable heat transfer systems has grown, since the mid- 1950s researchers have employed different
techniques of heat transfer enhancement. The significant increase in the number of scientific publications dedicated to this
subject has shown, to date, that heat transfer technology has advanced considerably.
Significant theoretical and analytical and computational studies to enhance heat transfer have been performed. The
fers a short summary of the relevant literature showing the degree to which work has already been
published in the publication on the growth, the application of nano fluids, their use in different heat exchangers and
nofluid preparation to allow for the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles.
was the first to report the thermal conductivity enrichment of conventional fluids with the challenges of
sedimentation, clogging and erosion in flow tracks [1]. Afterward, Masuda et al. (1993)
conductivity enhancement with the addition of micro-sized solid particles into the base fluid (single phase), but also
encountered the same problems of sedimentation, enhanced pumping power, erosion and clogging [2].
also contributed by extending the work of Maxwell and provided the more accurate model to predict the
thermophysical properties of the particles suspended fluids [3].
revolutionized the field of heat carrying fluids when first time fabricated the nanofluids that
exhibited enhanced thermal transport properties with better stability in comparison of fluids containing the milli and
his invention, researchers started to investigate the nanofluids with great interest.
conducted heat transfer and friction factor experiments for Al2O3/water and TiO
in the Reynolds number range from 104 to 105 and the particle concentration ranging from 0% to 3% and observed heat
transfer enhancement compared to the base fluid (water); they also propose newly-developed Nusselt number correlation
used Cu/water and Cu/transformer oil nanofluids and observed heat transfer
enhancements as compared to the base fluids. In another study, Xuan and Li(2002) observed heat transfer enhancement
of 60% for 2.0% volume concentration of Cu/water nanofluid flowing in a tube at a Reynolds number of 250
report separated Nusselt number correlations for laminar and turbulent flow, respectively [6,7].
www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
6 | September-October 2020 Page 1128
more materials are mixed so that their combination has a different chemical bond entitled “hybrid metals”. In
fact, when two or more metals delivered the homogeneous phase with simultaneous mixing named “hybrid nanofluid" [6-
fluids showed promising enhancement in heat transfer characteristics and thermophysical
and hydrodynamic properties compared to unitary nanofluids [9, 10]. The most important exclusivity of hybrid nanofluid
persed nanoparticles in a base fluid. Thus, when materials of particles
have been chosen properly, they can enhance the positive features of each other and cover the disadvantages of just one
many beneficial properties such as chemical inertness and
exhibits lower thermal conductivity with respect to the metallic nanoparticles.
ct on thermophysical properties
1950s researchers have employed different
fic publications dedicated to this
Significant theoretical and analytical and computational studies to enhance heat transfer have been performed. The
fers a short summary of the relevant literature showing the degree to which work has already been
published in the publication on the growth, the application of nano fluids, their use in different heat exchangers and
nofluid preparation to allow for the synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles.
was the first to report the thermal conductivity enrichment of conventional fluids with the challenges of
Masuda et al. (1993) examined the thermal
sized solid particles into the base fluid (single phase), but also
encountered the same problems of sedimentation, enhanced pumping power, erosion and clogging [2]. Hamilton-Crosses
rovided the more accurate model to predict the
revolutionized the field of heat carrying fluids when first time fabricated the nanofluids that
exhibited enhanced thermal transport properties with better stability in comparison of fluids containing the milli and
/water and TiO2/water nanofluids
particle concentration ranging from 0% to 3% and observed heat
developed Nusselt number correlation
nofluids and observed heat transfer
observed heat transfer enhancement
of 60% for 2.0% volume concentration of Cu/water nanofluid flowing in a tube at a Reynolds number of 25000 and they
report separated Nusselt number correlations for laminar and turbulent flow, respectively [6,7].
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33581 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1129
Wen and Din (2004) conducted heat transfer experiments for Al2O3/water nanofluid in a tube under laminar flow and
they observed heat transfer enhancement of 47% at 1.6% volume fraction as compared to the base fluid (water) [8].
Heris et al. (2007) also used Al2O3/water nanofluids in a tube under laminar flow and observed heat transfer
enhancement using constant wall temperature boundary conditions [9].
Williams et al. (2008) reported convective heat transfer enhancement with alumina/water and zirconia/water
nanofluids flow in a horizontal tube under turbulent flow [10].
Duangthongsuk and Wongwises (2010) found heat transfer enhancement of 20% and 32% for 1.0% vol of TiO2/water
nanofluid flowing in a tube at Reynolds numbers of 3000-18000, respectively [11].
Moraveji et al. (2011) simulated water-Al2O3 nanofluid through a tube under a constant heat flux. They found that the
heat transfer coefficient rises by increasing the nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number. Furthermore, the heat
transfer coefficient increases by particle diameter reduction [12].
Ghozatloo et al. (2014) obtained heat transfer enhancement of 35.6% at a temperature of 38 °C for 0.1 wt% of
graphene/water nanofluids flow in a tube under laminar flow [13].
Sundar et al. (2012) found heat transfer enhancement of 30.96% with a pumping penalty of 10.01% for 0.6% vol of
Fe3O4/water nanofluid flow in a tube at a Reynolds number of 22000 [14].
Sundar et al. (2014) observed heat transfer enhancement of 39.18% with a pumping penalty of 19.12% for 0.6% vol of
Ni/water nanofluid flow in a tube at a Reynolds number of 22000 [15].
Delavari et al. (2014) numerically simulated the heat transfer in a flat tube of a car radiator at laminar and turbulent
regimes. They showed the ability of CFD to simulate the flow field and temperature distribution profile well and reported
an increment of Nusselt number with increasing the nanoparticle concentration [16].
Chandrasekhar et al. (2017) experimentally investigated and theoretically validated the behavior of Al2O3/water
nanofluid that was prepared by chemical precipitation method. For their investigation, Al2O3/water at different volume
concentrations was studied. They concluded that the increase in viscosity of the nanofluid is higher than that of the
effective thermal conductivity. Although both viscosity and thermal conductivity increases as the volume concentration is
increased, increase in viscosity predominate the increase in thermal conductivity. Also various other theoretical models
were also proposed in their paper [17].
Hady et al. (2017) experimentally investigated the performance on the effect of alumina water (Al2O3/H2O) nanofluid in a
chilled water air conditioning unit. They made use of various concentrations ranging from 0.1-1 wt % and the nanofluid
was supplied at different flow rates. Their results showed that less time was required to achieve desired chilled fluid
temperature as compared to pure water. Also reported was a lesser consumption of power which showed an increase in
the cooling capacity of the unit. Moreover the COP of the unit was enhanced by 5 % at a volume concentration of 0.1 %,
and an increase of 17 % at a volume concentration of 1 % respectively [18].
Rohit S. Khedkar et al. (2017) experimental study on concentric tube heat exchanger for water to nanofluids heat
transfer with various concentrations of nanoparticles in to base fluids and application of nanofluids as working fluid.
Overall heat transfer coefficient was experimentally determined for a fixed heat transfer surface area with different
volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles in to base fluids and results were compared with pure water. It observed that, 3 %
nanofluids shown optimum performance with overall heat transfer coefficient 16% higher than water [19].
Han et al. (2017) in double tube heat exchanger flow turbulent and counter examine the enhancement of heat transfer by
using nanoparticles aluminum oxide in water. They examine the rate of heat transfer with 0.25% and 0.5% by volume
concentration at various inlet temperatures. In pipe flow the Reynold’s number should be greater than 4000 for turbulent
flow, as we know with higher turbulence the rate of heat transfer is high so with the various concentration and inlet
temperature they also examine the rate of heat transfer at various Reynold’s number i.e., 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, and
60000. After the experiment they analyze that by using different concentration of Al2O3 that include 0.25% and 0.5% by
volume concentration with Reynold’s number varies from 20000 to 60000 maximum increase in heat transfer coefficient
is about 9.7% and 19.6% respectively at 400C, and with same volumetric concentration and also Reynold’s number varies
from 20000 to 60000 the maximum increase in heat transfer coefficient is about 15% and 29% for volume concentration
0.25% and 0.5% respectively at 500C. Comparing the result at 400C and 500 with the volume concentration of 0.25% and
0.50%, the increase in heat transfer coefficient is about 5.3% and 9.4% respectively. The main conclusion is that at same
nanoparticles concentration we can increase the rate of heat transfer with the increase in inlet temperature of nanofluid,
which shows that nanofluid dependency on temperature. Nusselt number is also deal with heat transfer, by using
nanofluid the Nusselt number also increases about 8.5% and 17% at the volumetric concentration of 0.25% and 0.50%
respectively [20].
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33581 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 1130
Akyürek et al. (2018) experimentally investigated the effects of Al2O3/Water nanofluids at various concentrations in a
concentric tube heat exchanger having a turbulator inside the inner tube. Comparisons were done with and without
nanofluid in the system as well as with and without turbulators in the system. Results were drawn and a number of heat
transfer parameters were calculated on the basis of observed results. Various heat characteristics such as change in
Nusselt number and viscosity with respect to Reynolds number, behaviours of nanofluid at various volume concentrations,
changes in heat transfer coefficient, effect of the difference of pitch of turbulators on the heat transfer of nanofluid etc.
were studied. They concluded that there exists a relationship between the varying pitches and the turbulence in the flow
caused i.e. when the pitch is less there is more turbulence and vice versa [21].
For the preparation of hybrid nanofluids there are different available methods, which enable the synthesis of hybrid
nanoparticles; the use of the most common methods is succinctly reviewed in what follows.
Jia et al. (2007) used the hydrothermal method [22], Zhang et al. (2009) used the solvothermal method [23] and Shi et
al. (2010) used the polyols method for the synthesis of CNT/Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles [24].
Guo et al. (2008) used sonication and sol-gel chemistry technique for the synthesis of silica (Si) coated carbon nanotube
(CNTs) coaxial nanocables [25].
Li et al. (2009) prepared CNT/SiO2 and CNT//SiO2/Ag hybrid nanoparticles using plasma treatment [26].
Sundar et al. (2014) prepared Nano diamond-nickel (ND-Ni) nanocomposite (hybrid) nanofluids and determined
experimentally the thermal conductivity and viscosity [27].
Sundar et al. (2014) also prepared MWCNT-Fe3O4 hybrid nanofluids and found heat transfer enhancement of 31.10%
with a pumping penalty of 18% for 0.3% vol at a Reynolds number of 22000. His studies clearly indicate that hybrid
nanofluids yield higher heat transfer enhancement than single nanoparticles-based nanofluids [28].
According to Makishima (2016) when two or more materials are mixed so that their combination has a different chemical
bond entitled “hybrid metals”. In fact, when two or more metals delivered the homogeneous phase with simultaneous
mixing named “hybrid nanofluid". This advanced class of nanofluids showed promising enhancement in heat transfer
characteristics and thermophysical and hydrodynamic properties compared to unitary nanofluids [29].
Hayat and Nadeem (2017) revealed that the hybrid nanofluid performed well with higher heat transfer rate compared to
unitary nanofluid even in the presence of heat generation, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation. They observed this
while investigating the rotating three-dimensional steady flow of Ag– CuO/water hybrid nanofluid [30].
2.2. Problem Formulation
The above-mentioned researchers had studied various aspects of nanofluids and various methods to implemented
nanofluids to enhance heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers. In some research papers, the study is focused on an
increase in the effectiveness of nanofluid. However, in some paper study is focused on nanofluid and their effect on,
effectiveness, Heat transfer and overall heat transfer coefficient. There was no significant work found using hybrid
nanofluids in double pipe heat exchanger for heat transfer enhancement. Therefore this investigation deals with the thermal
and flow behavior of double pipe heat exchanger handling Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids at different volume
concentrations.
2.3. Research Objectives
In this analysis, the thermal characteristics of an Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids in a double pipe heat exchanger was
investigated using a 3-dimensional numerical (3-D) simulation. This investigation deals with handling Al-Al2O3/water
hybrid nanofluids at two different volume concentrations. The simulation programme ANSYS 16.0 was used for study of
the heat transfer physiognomies of a double pipe heat exchanger with an Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids.
The main objectives of the present work are as follows:
To analyze the thermal characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger using Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids.
To develop double pipe heat exchanger model and validation on CFD model will be carried out with comparison of
previous experimental model.
Effect of Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids in double heat pipe exchanger, thermal characteristics is analyzed by
parameters such as the Nusselt number, Heat transfer rate, and Overall heat transfer coefficient.
Calculating the effects of various volume concentrations of Al-Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles present in the hybrid
nanofluid and their effects on heat transfer.
Calculating the effects of flow rate variation in the performance of the double heat exchanger.
III. METHODOLOGY
CFD is a computer-efficient, numerical analysis-based method of heat - transfer research. CFD simplifies many
experimental method problems and offers comprehensive characterization of 3-dimensional flow fields in the heat
exchanger.
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CFD simulations can be divided into three major steps:
Pre-processing (description of the region of interest, generation of mesh numbers, definition of initial and boundary
conditions, mathematical modelling and description of numerical schemes);
Solving of simulations (numeric solution of the transport equations system);
Post-processing (processing and analysis of results).
3.1. The steps of the study
Firstly we design the double pipe heat exchanger
After designing the model it is transferred to ANSYS for CFD analysis.
Meshing of model and Name selection is done on CFD pre
The boundary conditions are applied on the model and numerical solutions are calculated by using solver.
The finite volume method is used in solving the problem.
The solution is calculated by giving iterations t
The results can be visualized in the form contours and graphs by CFD post processor.
Applying formulas for calculating heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt Number of
Result analysis.
IV. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
The study uses the CFD model in this section to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a double pipe heat
exchanger Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids. CFD review involves three major steps.
the geometry and mesh generation of the desired model, while the results are seen as expected in the last step. In the
execution of the solver (middle) stage, the boundary conditions are fed into the model.
4.1. Geometrical specification of double pipe heat exchanger
The geometry of double pipe heat exchanger using Al
taken from the one of the research scholar’s
Table 1 Geometrical specification of double pipe heat exchanger
4.2. Solid Model of double pipe heat exchanger
The solid model of the double pipe heat exchanger
Figure 3
4.3. Meshing
The modeling of the test section is meshed with ANSYS 16.0. The coarser meshing is created throughout the effective
length of the tube. Fig. 5.2 and 5.3 represents the meshing of
meshing contains the collaborated cells for triangular and quadrilateral expressions at boundary conditions. Much effort is
given to the structured hexahedral cells. The smooth meshing is created, edges, as well as regions of temperature and
pressure constraints, meshed.
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33581 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September
CFD simulations can be divided into three major steps:
(description of the region of interest, generation of mesh numbers, definition of initial and boundary
conditions, mathematical modelling and description of numerical schemes);
(numeric solution of the transport equations system);
(processing and analysis of results).
double pipe heat exchanger on Workbench of ANSYS 16.0 Software.
After designing the model it is transferred to ANSYS for CFD analysis.
Name selection is done on CFD pre-processor.
The boundary conditions are applied on the model and numerical solutions are calculated by using solver.
The finite volume method is used in solving the problem.
The solution is calculated by giving iterations to the mathematical and energy equations applied on model.
The results can be visualized in the form contours and graphs by CFD post processor.
Applying formulas for calculating heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt Number of double pipe heat exchanger
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
The study uses the CFD model in this section to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a double pipe heat
/water hybrid nanofluids. CFD review involves three major steps. The first step includes the creation of
the geometry and mesh generation of the desired model, while the results are seen as expected in the last step. In the
execution of the solver (middle) stage, the boundary conditions are fed into the model.
Geometrical specification of double pipe heat exchanger
The geometry of double pipe heat exchanger using Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids performing the simulation study is
taken from the one of the research scholar’s Han et al. (2017) [20]with exact dimensions.
Geometrical specification of double pipe heat exchanger
Parameters Value
Inner tube diameter 38 mm
Outer tube diameter 100 mm
Tube length 2100 mm
Tube thickness 2 mm
Solid Model of double pipe heat exchanger
exchanger is created in design modular of ANSYS 16.0.
Figure 3 Solid model of double pipe heat exchanger
The modeling of the test section is meshed with ANSYS 16.0. The coarser meshing is created throughout the effective
Fig. 5.2 and 5.3 represents the meshing of double pipe heat exchanger used in this CFD analysis. The
e collaborated cells for triangular and quadrilateral expressions at boundary conditions. Much effort is
given to the structured hexahedral cells. The smooth meshing is created, edges, as well as regions of temperature and
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6 | September-October 2020 Page 1131
(description of the region of interest, generation of mesh numbers, definition of initial and boundary
on Workbench of ANSYS 16.0 Software.
The boundary conditions are applied on the model and numerical solutions are calculated by using solver.
o the mathematical and energy equations applied on model.
double pipe heat exchanger.
The study uses the CFD model in this section to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a double pipe heat
The first step includes the creation of
the geometry and mesh generation of the desired model, while the results are seen as expected in the last step. In the
/water hybrid nanofluids performing the simulation study is
Geometrical specification of double pipe heat exchanger
created in design modular of ANSYS 16.0.
The modeling of the test section is meshed with ANSYS 16.0. The coarser meshing is created throughout the effective
used in this CFD analysis. The
e collaborated cells for triangular and quadrilateral expressions at boundary conditions. Much effort is
given to the structured hexahedral cells. The smooth meshing is created, edges, as well as regions of temperature and
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Figurer 4 Face mesh of heat exchanger
Table 2 Details of Meshing
Domain Nodes Elements
Cold_fluid 389108 340938
Hot_fluid 4327200 327825
Inner_pipe 183624 100533
Outer_pipe 253576 139872
All domains 1263508 909168
4.4. Model Selection and Numerical Simulation
To enhance the simulation accuracy of the current three-dimensional and steady analysis, the governing equations are
discretized with the SIMPLE pressure-velocity coupling algorithm with the finite volume formulation. In addition, the
second-order upwind scheme have been used for momentum, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate and
energy, while the Presto system is used for pressure.
No-slip condition is applied to all solid walls, and as near-wall treatment, standard wall functions are implemented. The
fluids were therefore assumed to be incompressible and the thickness of the tube, heat dissipation from the shell's outer
surfaces and radiation were insignificant.
The k-epsilon model is chosen for this analysis as the k-epsilon model predicts well far from the boundaries (wall) and k-
omega model predicts well near wall. Continuity, energy and Navier Stokes equations are used to find the conditions for
flowing fluid in the double pipe with Eqs.
Conservation of mass
. + = 0
Conservation of momentum
In Axial Direction
ρ + u + v = − + μ + u + v + S
In Radial Direction
ρ + u + v = − + μ + u − + v + S
Conservation of energy
ρCp + u + v = kr + k + S
Where , , , !, ", #, $, %, & and '# are the axial distance, radial distance, radial velocity, axial velocity, density of material,
pressure, viscosity of liquid metal, thermal conductivity, temperature of liquid, and specific heat respectively.
The following are the consideration for this CFD analysis:
The Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids are incompressible fluid and single phase fluid.
The effect of radiation and net convection are neglected.
The thermo physical properties are not temperature dependent.
Uniform dispersion nanoparticles.
The flow is hydro dynamic.
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4.5. Thermophysical properties
In order to generate hybrid nanofluids, the Al-Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles were dispersed in distilled water at 0.25, and 0.5
percent by volume concentration before conducting the analysis. At the mean bulk temperature the thermophysical
properties of hybrid nanofluids were measured. Density, specific heat, viscosity and thermal conductivity values were
determined by means of equations:
"()* = +1 − ∅. − ∅./0"1* + ∅. ". + ∅./"./
+"'.0()*
= +1 − ∅. − ∅./0 "'. 1* + ∅. "'. . + ∅./ "'. ./
3()* = 31* 4
3)5 + 231* + 2 ∅. + ∅./ 3)5 − 31*
3)5 + 231* − ∅. + ∅./ 3)5 − 31*
7
$()* = 1 + 2.5 1 − ∅ −∅/
/.9
$1*
Table 3. Provides the thermophysical properties of Al, Al2O3nanoparticles and distilled water used in the present research.
The thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids using the above equations at different
concentrations are assessed in Table 4.
Table 3 Thermophysical properties of distilled water and Al, and Al2O3 nanoparticles
Substance/nanoparticles
Density
(kg/m3)
Thermal conductivity
(W/m-K)
Specific heat
(kJ/kg-K)
Viscosity (kg/m-s)
Distilled water 1000 0.62 4.187 0.000798
Al2O3 3970 46 0.750 -----------
Al 2719 202.4 0.871 -----------
Table 4 Thermophysical properties of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids at different concentrations
Single Nanofluid and
Hybrid nanofluid
Vol.%
Density
(kg/m3)
Thermal conductivity
(W/m-K)
Specific heat
(J/kg-K)
Viscosity
(kg/m-s)
Al2O3/water 0.25 1007.425 0.6244 4153.139 0.00084548
Al2O3/water 0.5 1014.85 0.6289 4119.773 0.00089295
Al-Al2O3(50:50)/water 0.25 1005.86 0.6246 4158.84 0.0011
Al-Al2O3 (50:50)/water 0.5 1011.7225 0.6299 4131.00 0.0013
Table 5 Thermophysical properties of materials for double pipe heat exchanger
Material Density (kg/m3) Thermal conductivity (W/m-K) Specific heat (J/kg-K)
Inner tube and outer tube
(Aluminium)
2800 200 900
4.6. Boundary Conditions
Here in this work, hot water steam is flowing in the outer tube where as cold fluid i.e. Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids is
flowing in the inner tube. During the analysis the hot fluid steam is flowing at constant velocity 2.5 m/s as mention in base
paper Han et al. (2017) [20]. Whereas cold fluid flowing in the inner tube at different Reynolds number (Re) that is
20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, and 60000. The change in Reynolds of cold fluid is used to measure the effect of change in
mass flow rate of cold fluid on heat transfer.
Table 6 Details of boundary conditions
Constraints Range/standards
Inner tube fluid Cold fluid (Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids)
Flow rate of Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids
At different Reynolds number (Re) i.e. 20000,
30000, 40000, 50000, and 60000.
Inlet temperature of cold fluid 313 K
Volume concentration of hybrid nanofluid 0.25 and 0.5 %
Outer tube fluid Hot fluid (Water)
Flow rate of hot water 2.5 m/s
Inlet temperature of hot fluid 427 K
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This section is aimed at evaluating the double pipe heat exchanger thermal performance using Al-Al2O3/water hybrid
nanofluids at different concentration and at different Reynold’s number. The variations in the Nusselt number, and overall
heat transfer coefficient, are measured at different concentration and different Reynold’s number in order to research the
performance of the double pipe heat exchanger using Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids subject to flow.
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5.1. Data reduction equations
The data reduction of the measured results is summarized in the following procedures:
The Reynolds number is given by,
:; =
<=>
?
The mass flow rate is calculate on the basis of below formula,
@A = <B=A
Where, < is the density of fluid, B is the cross sectional area of the pipe and= is the velocity of fluid.
Therefore, for fluid flows in a concentric tube heat exchanger, the heat transfer rate of the hot fluid in the outer tube can be
expressed as:
CD = @A DEFD GDH − GDI
Where @A D is the mass flow rate of hot fluid, EFD is the specific heat of hot fluid, GDH and GDI are the inlet and outlet
temperatures of hot fluid, respectively.
While, the heat transfer rate of the cold fluid in the inner tube can be expressed as:
CE = @A EEFE GEI − GEH
Average heat transfer rate is given by:
JKLM =
CDNCE
O
= PBQ@
Where, Q@ =
QRSQO
O
Q@ is the logarithmic mean temperature difference.
Pis the overall heat transfer coefficient.
5.2. Validation of numerical computations
In this analysis, the validation of CFD data is carried out with the experimental data proposed by Han et al. (2017) [20]
who conducted an experimental test on convective heat transfer and flow behavior of double pipe heat exchanger in the
flow rate of cold fluid i.e. Al2O3/water at different Reynold’s number ranges from 20000-60000 and hot fluid i.e. water at
2.5m/s.The double pipe heat exchanger geometry that used for validation of numerical computations was considered to be
as same as the geometry shown in Fig. 3.
For the initial analysis, here it considered Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) as a nanoparticle with two different volume fractions
that is 0.25% and 0.5 % at different Reynolds number and measure the value of Nusselt number for different Reynolds
number.The values of Nusselt number calculated from the CFD modeling were compared with the values obtained from
the analysis performed by Han et al. (2017) [20] who conducted an experimental test on convective heat transfer and
flow behavior of double pipe heat exchanger.
Figure 5. Values of Nusselt number calculated from the CFD modeling compared with the values obtained from the
experimental test performed by Han et al. (2017) [20] for double pipe heat exchanger using nanofluid
From the above graph it is found that the value of Nu number calculated from numerical analysis is closer to value of Nu
Number obtained from the base paper which means that numerical model of double pipe heat exchanger using nanofluid is
correct. There is much lesser difference between experimental and numerical values.
100
150
200
250
300
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Nusseltnumber
Reynold's number
Experimental work from Han et al. (2017) [20]
Present CFD computation
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5.3. Effect of suspension of Al-Al2O3 hybrid nano-particles in the cold fluid i.e. water of double pipe heat
exchanger
From the numerical results and experimental data it is seen that variation tendencies in the values of Nusselt number are
qualitatively consistent. So, to analyzing the effect of suspension of Al-Al2O3 hybrid nano-particles in the cold fluid to
enhance thermal augmentation, we take two volume concentration of hybrid nanofluid i.e. 0.25, and 0.5 %.
At 0.25% volume concentration of Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid
Figure 6. Value of Nusselt number at different Reynold’s number for 0.25 percent volume fraction of Al-Al2O3
hybrid nano-particles.
Figure 7. Value of heat transfer coefficient at different Reynold’s number for 0.25 percent volume fraction of Al-
Al2O3 hybrid nano-particles.
At 0.5% volume concentration of Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid
Figure 8. Value of Nusselt number at different Reynold’s number for 0.5 percent volume fraction of Al-Al2O3
hybrid nano-particles.
100
150
200
250
300
350
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Nusseltnumber
Reynold's number
Nusselt Number at 0.25% volume fraction of Al-Al2O3 hybrid
nano-particles
2000
3000
4000
5000
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Heattransfercoefficient
(inW/m2-K)
Reynold's number
Heat transfer coefficient at 0.25% volume fraction of Al-Al2O3
hybrid nano-particles
100
150
200
250
300
350
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Nusseltnumber
Reynold's number
Nusselt Number at 0.5% volume fraction of Al-Al2O3 hybrid
nano-particles
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Figure 9. Value of heat transfer coefficient at different Reynold’s number for 0.25 percent volume fraction of Al-
Al2O3 hybrid nano-particles.
5.4. Comparison between Nanofluid fluid i.e. Al2O3/Water and Hybrid Nanofluid i.e. Al-Al2O3/water of different
concentration at different Reynold’s number
Table 7 Comparison of Nusselt number values for Nanofluid fluid i.e. Al2O3/Water and Hybrid Nanofluid i.e. Al-
Al2O3/water of different concentration at different Reynold’s number
Reynold’s number
Nusselt Number
0.25% Al2O3 0.5% Al2O3 0.25% Al-Al2O3 0.5% Al-Al2O3
20000 118.50 135.62 126.44 144.51
30000 180.00 211.93 210.110 244.250
40000 212.65 231.29 248.84 275.146
50000 238.50 264.58 274.91 302.35
60000 265.64 288.74 295.518 321.11
Figure 10. Comparison of Nusselt number values for Nanofluid fluid i.e. Al2O3/Water and Hybrid Nanofluid i.e. Al-
Al2O3/water of different concentration at different Reynold’s number.
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Heattransfercoefficient(in
W/m2-K)
Reynold's number
Heat transfer coefficient at 0.5% volume fraction of Al-Al2O3
hybrid nano-particles
100
150
200
250
300
350
20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Nusseltnumber
Reynold's number
0.25% Al2O3 0.5% Al2O3
0.25% Al-Al2O3 0.5% Al-Al2O3
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Table 8 Comparison of Nusselt number values for Nanofluid fluid i.e. Al2O3/Water and Hybrid Nanofluid i.e. Al-
Al2O3/water of different concentration at different Reynold’s number
Reynold’s number
Heat Transfer coefficient ( in W/m2-K)
0.25% Al2O3 0.5% Al2O3 0.25% Al-Al2O3 0.5% Al-Al2O3
20000 2022.63 2123.7 2192.143 2275.361
30000 3238.45 3501.39 3401.57 3974.49
40000 3632.87 4059.29 3766.473 4480.559
50000 3759.84 4672.911 4233.97 4950.773
60000 4573.87 5184.38 4814.47 5320.56
Figure 11 Comparison of Heat transfer coefficient values for Nanofluid fluid i.e. Al2O3/Water and Hybrid Nanofluid
i.e. Al-Al2O3/water of different concentration at different Reynold’s number
VI. CONCLUSIONS
This CFD research explores the impact on the performance
of double pipe heat exchanger from Al-Al2O3/water hybrid
nanofluid flow. The Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids with
two volume concentrations of nanoparticles (i.e. 0.25, and
0.5 percent) were used.A strong agreement has been seen
in the comparison of the findings of this research with the
existing experimental results of the literature. The effect of
Al-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid were measured and
observed to influence the heat transfer and flow of fluids
in a double pipe heat exchanger.The following conclusions
can be drawn based on the provided results:
The heat transfer coefficient of Al-Al2O3/water hybrid
nanofluid is found to be 20%, and 35% at 0.25%, and
0.5% volume concentrations respectively higher than
that of Al2O3/water nanofluid at the Reynold’s number
range of 20000–60000.
This is simply because of the higher thermal
conductivity of hybrid nanofluids and intensification
of secondary flow formation leading to lower the
residence time dispersion of hybrid nanoparticles and
base fluids.
The Nusselt number of Al-Al2O3/water hybrid
nanofluid is found to be 11%, and 18% at 0.25%, and
0.5% volume concentrations respectively higher than
that of Al2O3/water nanofluid at the Reynold’s number
range of 20000–60000.
It is studied that the application 0.5% Al-Al2O3/water
hybrid nanofluid in double pipe heat exchanger, the
secondary flow generation becomes very strong and
the Al-Al2O3 particles are thrown out towards the tube
wall and resulting higher pressure drop than Al2O3
particles.
These enhancements in overall heat transfer
coefficient and Nusselt number are due to the
improved higher thermal conductivity of hybrid
nanofluids and generating stronger secondary flow.
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