The document discusses the evolution and applications of robotics, including cloud robotics, collaborative robots (co-bots), and their use in IT processes and other industries. It provides background on how robots have evolved from industrial robots in factories to more collaborative robots that can work safely alongside humans. Examples are given of how co-bots are used currently in areas like Amazon warehouses and how they may be applied to processes like automation in the future. Concerns about the impact of automation on jobs are also mentioned.

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Overview
Evolution of Robotics
What is Cloud Robotics?
Why Co-bots?
Co-bots in IT
What’s next?

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Evolution of Robotics
Garcia, E., Jimenez, M.A., Gonzalez-de-Santos, P. and Armada, M. (2007) The evolution of robotics research.

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Evolution of Robotics
Garcia, E., Jimenez, M.A., Gonzalez-de-Santos, P. and Armada, M. (2007) The evolution of robotics research.

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What is Cloud Robotics?
Kehoe, B., Patil, S., Abbeel, P. and Goldberg, K. (2015) ‘A Survey of Research on Cloud Robotics and Automation’, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING, 12(2), pp. 398–409.

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Why Cloud Robotics?
Kehoe, B., Patil, S., Abbeel, P. and Goldberg, K. (2015) ‘A Survey of Research on Cloud Robotics and Automation’, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING, 12(2), pp. 398–409.

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Elliott, S., Hall, J., Smith, M. and Wechalekar, P. (2012) Connected Robots. Atos.

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What are Co-bots?
Cobot (2017) in Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobot (Accessed: 23 February 2017).
Tobe, F. (2015) Why Co-Bots will be a huge innovation and growth driver for robotics industry. Available at: http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-
robots/collaborative-robots-innovation-growth-driver (Accessed: 23 February 2017).

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Why Co-bots?
1. Elliott, S., Hall, J., Smith, M. and Wechalekar, P. (2012) Connected Robots. Atos.
2. Tobe, F. (2015) Why Co-Bots will be a huge innovation and growth driver for robotics industry. Available at: http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-
robots/collaborative-robots-innovation-growth-driver (Accessed: 23 February 2017).
3. Mohanarajah, G., Hunziker, D., D’Andrea, R. and Waibel, M. (no date) ‘Rapyuta: A Cloud Robotics Platform’, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING, X(X), pp. 1–12

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Why Co-bots?
1. Elliott, S., Hall, J., Smith, M. and Wechalekar, P. (2012) Connected Robots. Atos.
2. Tobe, F. (2015) Why Co-Bots will be a huge innovation and growth driver for robotics industry. Available at: http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-
robots/collaborative-robots-innovation-growth-driver (Accessed: 23 February 2017).
3. Mohanarajah, G., Hunziker, D., D’Andrea, R. and Waibel, M. (no date) ‘Rapyuta: A Cloud Robotics Platform’, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING, X(X), pp. 1–12

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History of Co-Bots
1920
• Word “Robot” invented by Chez writer Karel Capek for si-fi play
“Rossum’s Universal Robots”
1954
• “Programmed Article Transfer Device” patented by George Devol
• Launched as Unimate in 1959 & installed at GM
1960 - 2000
• Caged industrial robots are widespread in automotive industry &
manufacturing

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History of Co-Bots
2001 – 2005
• University of Southern Denmark compares automation solutions
vs market needs – opportunity to re-invent industrial robot
2005
• Universal Robots A/S founded by 3 members of research team at
University of Southern Denmark
2008
• UR5 – 1st collaborative robot operates safely alongside humans
& enters market

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History of Co-Bots
2012
• New UR 10 co-bot with longer reach and
greater payload
2012 - 2016
• Collaborative robotics recognized as a
recognized as a new class of robotics
2014
• TUV Nord certifies safety system of 3rd gen UR
co-bots

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History of Co-Bots
2015
• Universal Robots launches UR3 – 1st table top
co-bot
2016
• ISO/TS 15066 – guidelines to ensure human
worker’s safety around co-bots published
Pittman, K. (2016) A brief history of collaborative robots. Available at: http://www.engineering.com/AdvancedManufacturing/ArticleID/12169/INFOGRAPHIC-A-Brief-
History-of-Collaborative-Robots.aspx?e_src=relart (Accessed: 23 February 2017).

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Co-Bots: Target Consumer MarketTechnologicalEvolution
High
Useful / Pleasant
Fun / Interesting
Public Private
Potential Application Area
Social
Medical
Robot
Exploratory
Robot
Search &
Rescue
Robot
Domestic
Robot
Power Assist
Robot
Surveillance
Robot
Edutainment
Robot
Tour Guide
Robot Pet Robot
Elliott, S., Hall, J., Smith, M. and Wechalekar, P. (2012) Connected Robots. Atos.

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What’s it worth?
Elliott, S., Hall, J., Smith, M. and Wechalekar, P. (2012) Connected Robots. Atos.
World robot population, 2000 - 2011

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Amazon - Kiva
CNET (2014) CNET news - meet the robots making Amazon even faster. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtBa9yVZBJM (Accessed: 23 February 2017).

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Co-bots in IT

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Bots - examples

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Process Automation
WorkFusion — Smart Process Automati on (2017) .

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Other Uses it IT
WorkFusion — Smart Process Automati on (2017) .

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When machines do everything….
Malcom, F., Roehrig, P. and Pring, B. (2017) What to do when machines do everything? NJ: Wiley.

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The future?
Malcom, F., Roehrig, P. and Pring, B. (2017) What to do when machines do everything? NJ: Wiley.

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