Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms,or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

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Use of Biotechnology in beef cattle production for
improving cattle health and managing pests
Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms,
or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific
use. (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).
1. Animal Biotechnology
2. Plant Biotechnology
3. Microbial Biotechnology
4. Molecular Biotechnology
Biotechnology

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Beef Cattle Health
Prevention and cure of diseases
Nutrition of Beef Cattle
Management of farm environment
[Pest Management]
Prevention and cure of diseases
Biotechnological approaches
- Vaccination against diseases
- Disease diagnosis
- Therapeutics
- Application of gene therapy in
veterinary medicine
- Stem cell therapy
- Disease resistant cloned animals
- Diseases resistant transgenic animals
Diseases Causative agents
Foot and Mouth Disease FMD Virus
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis
Brucellosis Brucella abortus
Bovine viral diarrhea BVD Virus
Leptospirosis Leptospira
Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitis
IBR Virus
[Rajashekar, 2015]
[Houses of Parliament, The Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2013]

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Vaccination Against Diseases
Live Genetically Modified Vaccines
(Live viruses or bacteria)
Example: Anthrax Vaccine and FMD Vaccine
Recombinant Vaccines
(Only part of the whole organism, synthetic
peptides or whole protein extract)
Example: Bovine viral diarrhea Vaccine (E2
surface glycoprotein)
Genetic Vaccines
(Plasmids)
Example: Vaccines against respiratory
disease (IBR) and clostridial infections
[Jackwood et al., 2008]
Anthrax Vaccine FMD Vaccine
Disease diagnosis
Detection Types Detection Methods
Detection of nucleic acids 1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR
2. Diagnosis by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and related
DNA-based approaches
3. Diagnosis by DNA probes and DNA microarray technology
4. Nucleic acid extraction
Detection of proteins 1. Immunohistochemistry
2. Immunoblotting
3. Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
4. Bioinformatics and Proteomics
Detection of antibodies 1. Competitive ELISA (C-ELISA)
2. Production of antigens by recombinant DNA technology
[World Organization of Animal Health (OIE), 1990 and 1993]

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Diagnostic technologies used in the various countries
[Borroto, 2008]
Polymerase chain reaction
ELISA Recombinant DNA technology

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Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)
Antibodies that are
made by identical
immune cells
[Deb et al., 2013]
Detection of Bacterial Diseases
Example: Anthrax and Brucellosis
Detection Fungal Diseases
Example: Zygomycosis and Invasive aspergillosis
Detection of Viral Diseases
Example: FMD and IBR
Detection of Parasitic Diseases
Example: Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis
mAbs in Diagnosis
[Deb et al., 2013]

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Therapeutics
A. Monoclonal antibodies
B. ADNC (Adipose derived nucleated cells) injections
C. Wharton’s jelly
D. Peptides similar to GnRH (Immune-castration)
E. Enzymes
Enzymes Reaction
Catalyzed
Application
Papain Protein hydrolysis Deworming
Lysozyme Bacterial cell wall
hydrolysis
As antibiotics
Collagenase Collagen hydrolysis Treating skin ulcers
[Rajashekar, 2015]
Therapeutics
Stem Cell Therapy
Application of gene therapy
in veterinary medicine
[Rajashekar, 2015][Mohammed et al., 2016]

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Disease Resistant Cloned Animals Diseases Resistant Transgenic Animals
Sperms are collected from the bull of
highly disease resistant variety
Injecting the gene into the
isolated embryo
Implanting the
gene into the
surrogate mother
[Whitelaw and Sang, 2005] [Whitelaw and Sang, 2005]
Nutrition of Beef Cattle
Biotechnology for Fibrous Feeds
Lignocellulosic hydrolysis
(such as Asprigullus niger)
Modification of silage inoculants
[Asmare, 2014]

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Biotechnology Products as Feed Additives
a) Antibiotics
b) Enzymes
c) Probiotics
d) Prebiotics
e) Metabolic modifiers
Feed Additives
[Asmare, 2014]
Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics used in the various countries
[Borroto, 2008]

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Hormones and Growth Implants
Naturally occurring hormones –
1. Oestradiol
2. Progesterone
3. Testosterone
Synthetic hormones –
1. Zeranol
2. Trenbolone
3. Melengestrol
Growth Implants
[Hossain, 2016]
Well Cow Health Monitors
[Hossain, 2016]

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Defaunation in Ruminants
Biotechnology in Forage Breeding
using recombinant DNA technology
[Asmare, 2014]
Management of farm environment
- Very much important
- Good farm environment ensures improved health condition
- Farm should be clean and hygienic
Main functional area of biotechnology is –
Pest Management

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Pest Management
Insect Types Examples
Blood Sucking Flies House fly, Black fly, Horn fly,
Horse fly, Sand fly, Deer fly
and Stable fly,
Non-blood sucking flies Cattle grub
Lice Cattle tail louse, Biting louse
and Long-nosed cattle louse
Worms Internal worms and
Lungworms
Others Itch mite, Mosquito and Lone
star tick
Black fly
Long-
nosed
cattle louse
Lungworm
[Kaufman et al., 2017]
Pesticide formulations
Pesticide Class Target Pests
Pyrethroids All flies, Lice, Ticks,
Mosquitoes, Mites
Avermectins Grubs, Scabies, Lice, Internal
worms, Lungworms, Mites, Horn
fly
Organophosphates Grubs, Mites, All flies, Lice,
Ticks, Mosquitoes
Growth Regulators All flies
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Horn fly, Face flies, Lice, Mites
[Pike, 2004]

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Biological Controls
Pheromone trap Natural enemies Pathogenic fungi
[Geden and Rutz, 2014]
Genetic Engineering
Genetically Engineered Mosquito
Oxford Insect Technologies (OXITEC)
[Oxford Insect Technologies]

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Conclusion
 Further researches in the field of biotechnology for the health
improvements and pest managements are worthy to be carried out.
 The developing countries should have more access to the advantages
of biotechnology.
 The governments of the third world countries should give more and
more importance to the use of biotechnology for cattle farming.
References
1. Asmare B., (2014); Biotechnological Advances for Animal Nutrition and Feed Improvement, World Journal of Agricultural
Research, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 3, 115-118.
2. Deb R., Chakraborty S., Veeregowda B., Verma A.K., Tiwari R., Dhama K.. (2013); Monoclonal antibody and its use in the
diagnosis of livestock diseases, Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2013, 4, 50-62.
3. Geden C.J. and Rutz D. A. (2014); Pest Management Recommendations for Dairy Cattle; A Cornell and Penn State
Cooperative Extension publication
4. Houses of Parliament, The Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, London (2013) Livestock Vaccines.
5. Jackwood M. W., Hickle L., Kapil S. and Silva R. (2008) Vaccine Development Using Recombinant DNA Technology; Animal
Agriculture’s Future through Biotechnology, Part 7
6. Kaufman P.E., Koehlar P.G. and Butler J.F. (2017); External Parasites on Beef Cattle; Department of Entomology and
Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension
7. Mohammed B.R., Malang S.K., Mailafia S. and Agbede R.I.S. (2016); Application of Biotechnology towards Diagnosis and
Treatment in Veterinary Medicine in Africa: Potentials and Future Developments, Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials,
DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000245.
8. OIE Terrestrial Manual, 2009, C H A P T E R 1 . 1 . 7 .

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9. Oxford Insect Technologies (OXITEC)
10. Pike D. R. (2004); Pest Management Strategic Plan, For pest management on non-lactating dairy cattle see the PMSP for
beef cattle.
11. Rajashekar B. (2015), Applications of Biotechnology in Animal Health (M.V. Sc. Presentation) Sri venkateshwara veterinary
science
12. UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2
13. Whitelaw C.B.A. and Sang H.M. (2005); Disease-resistant genetically modified animals; Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2005,
24 (1), 275-283.
14. WORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE) (1990). Biotechnology and veterinary science. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int.
Epiz., 9 (3), 611–916.
15. WORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE) (1993). Biotechnology applied to the diagnosis of animal diseases. Rev.
sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 12 (2), 313–672.
16. Borroto C. G. (2008), Biotechonlogy and Its Application in Veterinary Science, Conf. OIE 2008, 231-240 [Reference of
graph]
Thank You
“DISCUSSIONS PLEASE”