URETERAL STENT.pptx
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This study evaluated the ability of ureteral stents with different diameters to drain pus from an obstructed kidney using an in vitro model. The model included a silicon kidney, 3D printed ureteral stone, latex ureter, and fluid resembling pus. Stents with diameters of 4.8F, 6F, 7F, and 8F were tested. The rate of pressure drop and final pressure in the kidney were unaffected by stent diameter. All stent diameters drained the pus-filled, obstructed kidneys equally effectively within 120 minutes.
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urinary ppt. TEACHER
The document is a chapter about the urinary system from a medical textbook. It discusses the goals of understanding the anatomy and functions of the urinary system, identifying pathological conditions, and interpreting urinalysis tests. It describes the locations and roles of the kidneys and other urinary organs. It also explains how the kidneys filter blood to produce urine and outlines some clinical procedures related to the urinary system like dialysis and kidney biopsies.
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urinary ppt. TEACHER
The document is a chapter about the urinary system from a medical textbook. It discusses the goals of understanding the anatomy and functions of the urinary system, identifying pathological conditions, and interpreting urinalysis tests. It describes the locations and roles of the kidneys and other urinary organs. It also explains how the kidneys filter blood to produce urine and outlines some clinical procedures related to the urinary system like dialysis and kidney biopsies.
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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URETERAL STENT.pptx
- 1. Drainage of infected kidneys with ureteral stents: does size matter? Jonathan Modai Department of Urology, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated With the Hebrew University, 7661041, Rehovot, Israel
- 2. Purpose The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability of ureteral stents with different diameters to drain pus that accumulates in an obstructed kidney using an in vitro model.
- 3. Methods We developed an in vitro model of an obstructed kidney filled with pus. The model included a silicon kidney unit based on computed tomography (CT) data, a 3D printed ureteral stone based on a real extracted ureteral stone, a latex ureter model, a bladder vessel, and a fluid with qualities resembling pus. Identical printed stones were inserted into four ureter models containing stents with varying diameters (4.8F, 6F, 7F, 8F), each of which was connected to the kidney unit and the bladder vessel. The kidney unit was filled with artificial pus to pressures of 30 cmH2O to simulate an infected and obstructed kidney. The obstruction was relieved with stents in place, while artificial urine was pumped into the kidney; pressure in the kidney and remaining pus were measured continuously.
- 4. Results The rate of pressure drop and the final pressure measured in the kidney were unaffected by the diameter of the stent. For all stent diameters, the pressure reached non-obstructed levels within 30 s, final pressure was reached within 90–120 s, and minimal amounts of pus remained in the kidney after 120 min.
- 5. Conclusions In vitro experiments demonstrate that all stent diameters drain pus-filled, obstructed kidneys with the same efficacy. The common perception that larger diameter tubes are more effective under such circumstances should be re-examined.
- 6. References