Paper tries to focus on the adverse impact of regularisation of unauthorised colonies with reference to state of Punjab on the planned development, quality of life, sustainability and growth and development of urban centres of the state including rural areas.
The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act,1995JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an overview in brief of the provisions of The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act,1995 including its objectives, typogies of authorities, planning framework and functions of Authorities. However, paper does not cover its critical appraisal
Planning Laws - Its Implications for Urban Development JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to analyse the role and importance of legal framework in the context of urban development and the need to make urban laws more rational, simple and supportive of the urban development.
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act,1995JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an overview in brief of the provisions of The Punjab Regional and Town Planning and Development Act,1995 including its objectives, typogies of authorities, planning framework and functions of Authorities. However, paper does not cover its critical appraisal
Planning Laws - Its Implications for Urban Development JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to analyse the role and importance of legal framework in the context of urban development and the need to make urban laws more rational, simple and supportive of the urban development.
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
Architecture and Town Planning _Unit 5_SPPU_LARR, UDPFI, RERA and MAHA-RERA b...Shrikant Kate
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Board of Studies in Civil Engineering
B. E. Civil 2015 COURSE (w. e. f. June 2018)
401004 Elective I (4)- Architecture and Town Planning
Unit V:
• Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act
• URDPFI Guidelines (for land use, infrastructure etc.),
• Real Estate (Regulation and Development )Act 2016 and MAHA-RERA
The writeup on Chandigarh is the preface written for the book; Chandigarh-- A City of Two Plans’. Any professional looking for the book may please mail the a dress for sharing the book.
Chandigarh remains most misunderstood and manipulated city, facing numerous challenges and crisis. Known to be city of crisis. Chandigarh was conceived in crisis, born in crisis, grown in crisis and continues in crisis of population, poverty, politics and pollution. Despite all these crises, Chandigarh remains a role model in the domain of urban planning, architecture, urban design, landscaping and urban management. Assuring minimum quality of life even to the poorest of poor and offering basic amenities of life, Chandigarh remains the only city in the country, providing minimum two room accommodation, piped water supply, water borne sewerage, and sanitation system, metaled roads, assured electric supply etc. to all the residents of the city. Known for experimentation and commitment of the professionals including, architects, town planners and engineers, who worked tirelessly, has made Chandigarh, one of the finest planned and developed cities, locally and globally, in the post -independent period. Despite limitations and constrains imposed by the non-availability of adequate financial resources, state of art construction technologies, construction machinery etc, Chandigarh showcased how profession of architecture, town planning and engineering can be effectively leveraged to create one of the finest examples of human settlement.
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India through Regulating the Sub-d...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Land, despite being a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated and traded like a commodity for generating largest financial dividends for both parastatal agencies and individuals. Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel. Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and occupation of urban land. This pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In order to make city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country and restoring the glory of land resource.
PLANNING THE CAPITAL CITY OF CHANDIGARH : PROBLEMS, LESSONS AND PROSPECTSJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper, written about 30 years back, tried to analyse the problems and challenges facing the growth and development of the Capital city of Chandigarh and suggested mesues to make it more rational. Paper also suggests the messages which planning and designing of the city communicates
Planning bodies in indian system of governanceOmkar Parishwad
The dynamic growth of Indian cities demands a robust administrative base. This hierarchy, of thusly evolved planning authorities aimed at decentralizing spatial and socio-economic planning, and was toned by the constitutional support and status by the 74th Amendment. Yet, this evolution of local government administration in India, is slow in adjusting itself to the current growth and change, and seems antiquated and ineffective. Proliferation of local bodies having little or no coordination/co-operation, and with overlapping jurisdictions, powers and functions has further eroded their effectiveness. This research paper aims at a thorough evaluation of this accusation, considering the case study of the planning authorities in Nagpur, India; by identifying and comparing their roles, functions and responsibilities as they impact the growth and development of the region.
Firstly, a clear picture of the present framework and working environment of various jurisdictions and governing bodies of various Indian governance systems, particularly Nagpur Metropolitan area (NMA) is presented; which dissects- overlaps and gaps in the system, and hindrances to the forward planning. This corroboration is with regards the different agencies for NMA, which have different levels of development rights.
Quantitative analysis based on the citizen surveys and expert interviews from different authorities were conducted, for canvassing the role of these authorities particular to the development in Nagpur metropolitan area. The paper also proffers some analysis on the basis of Analytical Hierarchy Process (APH) software and recommendations for planning authorities.
The research concludes how smooth administration can be achieved for these planning authorities, by listing out the lacunas in overall system, deliberating on results from the analysis. Lastly, recommendations on the basis of this study are founded for promoting the socio-economic change necessary for the town, resulting in the upliftment and avoiding an unplanned and non-coordinated development of Metropolitan areas, in Indian systems of Governance.
India is a developing country. As the population grows rapidly, the development of cities is imminent. Urbanisation as an outcome of this development is being addressed here. Two case studies of medium towns are done underlining the factors of growth determining the structure of development. The objective is to learn from these experiences and make generalisations that could be helpful for the future development of many other similar towns and for developing a framework for balanced urban development in India.
The presentation is an attempt to trace the history of Chandigarh Master Plan. It showcases also the making of Chandigarh Capital city and the making of Chandigarh Master Plan-2031
Redefining master plans to promote smart and sustainable cities JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans/ Development Plans, used as the most potent weapon by the town planner, to promote planned and orderly development has done more damage than good to the cities. Consuming large span of time, involving lot of manpower and requiring considerable resources, master plans has made planners chase the development instead of leading the development. Rigidity of master plans, based on defining the use of every piece of land, has made the master plans irrelevant, irrational and illogical in the face fast changing urban dynamics. Master plans, prepared for a period spanning over two decades, try to freeze the city. As planners, when we do not know our own future, what competency, capacity, expertise and capability we have to define the future of the cities. In the process, majority of cities have been suffering from illegal, sub-standard, haphazard and unplanned growth. Master plans have accordingly, emerged as the major road block in promoting planned urban development and making cities sustainable . For promoting planned development and making city growth both rational and dynamic, focus of planning should be on redefining and putting in place a new order of urban planning, development options and management strategies besides suggesting new format of Master Plans to make cities smart, more humane, equitable, just, efficient, productive, sustainable and providers of assured quality of life to all existing and future urban residents including poorest of the poor.
Planning and development options for Peri-urban areasJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to identify the role and importance of per-urban areas in rationalizing the development of urban settlements taking example of Chandigarh Capital city
LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB- INTERFACE BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS OF TO...JitKumarGupta1
Indian believes in high traditions of democracy and accordingly, is characterized by multiplicity of laws. With focus on subject specific laws, one can see multiplicity laws. Each law tries to overtake other law, when they relate to the same subject. Sometimes there exists lot of overlapping and contradictions in the legal framework. Since India legal system remain bureaucratic and institutional focused under each law, focus of bureaucracy remains to create more laws and more space number for creating institutions and jobs for the bureaucracy. Despite India , as a nation accepting the role and importance of Urban local Bodies in 1972, when 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, was enacted, still states were passing laws in 1996 to create separate/additional/ independent agencies operating in the domain of urban planning, development and management, ignoring to empower urban local bodies to take up that role. Accordingly, state scenario in urban development in the country remains multi-faceted with existence of large number of departments and agencies operating in the urban development, which dilutes the intent of planned and orderly development in human settlements.Prevailing urban development scenario indicates existence of not only large number of urban laws but also large number of urban development agencies. However, there exists concentration of development agencies operating in the large urban areas but these agencies are conspicuous by their absence in the small urban settlements. Our capacity to create rational, effective, efficient, compact planning framework and agencies for effectively implementing of planning framework, will hold the key for future planned growth of urban settlements .Write-up focuses on the State of Punjab which has put in place a legal regime providing for promoting comprehensive and integrated development of urban and rural area through the preparation of Regional Plans and Master Plans in 1996 . In the year 2006, the entire set of provisions regulating the preparation of Regional Plans and Master Plans were critically reviewed, rationalized, simplified and modified drastically to streamline the procedure by making amendments eliminating/ minimizing number of vital steps involving public participation, involving urban local bodies; printing existing landuse plans etc. First master plan came into operation in 2006, after a decade of launching the Act. Till now more than 35 cities have bbeen covered unde such plans out of 216 urban settlements recorded in 2011 census.
.
Planning and development options for Peri-urban areasJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to look into periphery, its role and importance in planned development, roadblocks facing its development and suggesting options for rationalising its growth
Architecture and Town Planning _Unit 5_SPPU_LARR, UDPFI, RERA and MAHA-RERA b...Shrikant Kate
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Board of Studies in Civil Engineering
B. E. Civil 2015 COURSE (w. e. f. June 2018)
401004 Elective I (4)- Architecture and Town Planning
Unit V:
• Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act
• URDPFI Guidelines (for land use, infrastructure etc.),
• Real Estate (Regulation and Development )Act 2016 and MAHA-RERA
The writeup on Chandigarh is the preface written for the book; Chandigarh-- A City of Two Plans’. Any professional looking for the book may please mail the a dress for sharing the book.
Chandigarh remains most misunderstood and manipulated city, facing numerous challenges and crisis. Known to be city of crisis. Chandigarh was conceived in crisis, born in crisis, grown in crisis and continues in crisis of population, poverty, politics and pollution. Despite all these crises, Chandigarh remains a role model in the domain of urban planning, architecture, urban design, landscaping and urban management. Assuring minimum quality of life even to the poorest of poor and offering basic amenities of life, Chandigarh remains the only city in the country, providing minimum two room accommodation, piped water supply, water borne sewerage, and sanitation system, metaled roads, assured electric supply etc. to all the residents of the city. Known for experimentation and commitment of the professionals including, architects, town planners and engineers, who worked tirelessly, has made Chandigarh, one of the finest planned and developed cities, locally and globally, in the post -independent period. Despite limitations and constrains imposed by the non-availability of adequate financial resources, state of art construction technologies, construction machinery etc, Chandigarh showcased how profession of architecture, town planning and engineering can be effectively leveraged to create one of the finest examples of human settlement.
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India through Regulating the Sub-d...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Land, despite being a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated and traded like a commodity for generating largest financial dividends for both parastatal agencies and individuals. Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel. Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and occupation of urban land. This pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In order to make city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country and restoring the glory of land resource.
PLANNING THE CAPITAL CITY OF CHANDIGARH : PROBLEMS, LESSONS AND PROSPECTSJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper, written about 30 years back, tried to analyse the problems and challenges facing the growth and development of the Capital city of Chandigarh and suggested mesues to make it more rational. Paper also suggests the messages which planning and designing of the city communicates
Planning bodies in indian system of governanceOmkar Parishwad
The dynamic growth of Indian cities demands a robust administrative base. This hierarchy, of thusly evolved planning authorities aimed at decentralizing spatial and socio-economic planning, and was toned by the constitutional support and status by the 74th Amendment. Yet, this evolution of local government administration in India, is slow in adjusting itself to the current growth and change, and seems antiquated and ineffective. Proliferation of local bodies having little or no coordination/co-operation, and with overlapping jurisdictions, powers and functions has further eroded their effectiveness. This research paper aims at a thorough evaluation of this accusation, considering the case study of the planning authorities in Nagpur, India; by identifying and comparing their roles, functions and responsibilities as they impact the growth and development of the region.
Firstly, a clear picture of the present framework and working environment of various jurisdictions and governing bodies of various Indian governance systems, particularly Nagpur Metropolitan area (NMA) is presented; which dissects- overlaps and gaps in the system, and hindrances to the forward planning. This corroboration is with regards the different agencies for NMA, which have different levels of development rights.
Quantitative analysis based on the citizen surveys and expert interviews from different authorities were conducted, for canvassing the role of these authorities particular to the development in Nagpur metropolitan area. The paper also proffers some analysis on the basis of Analytical Hierarchy Process (APH) software and recommendations for planning authorities.
The research concludes how smooth administration can be achieved for these planning authorities, by listing out the lacunas in overall system, deliberating on results from the analysis. Lastly, recommendations on the basis of this study are founded for promoting the socio-economic change necessary for the town, resulting in the upliftment and avoiding an unplanned and non-coordinated development of Metropolitan areas, in Indian systems of Governance.
India is a developing country. As the population grows rapidly, the development of cities is imminent. Urbanisation as an outcome of this development is being addressed here. Two case studies of medium towns are done underlining the factors of growth determining the structure of development. The objective is to learn from these experiences and make generalisations that could be helpful for the future development of many other similar towns and for developing a framework for balanced urban development in India.
The presentation is an attempt to trace the history of Chandigarh Master Plan. It showcases also the making of Chandigarh Capital city and the making of Chandigarh Master Plan-2031
Redefining master plans to promote smart and sustainable cities JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans/ Development Plans, used as the most potent weapon by the town planner, to promote planned and orderly development has done more damage than good to the cities. Consuming large span of time, involving lot of manpower and requiring considerable resources, master plans has made planners chase the development instead of leading the development. Rigidity of master plans, based on defining the use of every piece of land, has made the master plans irrelevant, irrational and illogical in the face fast changing urban dynamics. Master plans, prepared for a period spanning over two decades, try to freeze the city. As planners, when we do not know our own future, what competency, capacity, expertise and capability we have to define the future of the cities. In the process, majority of cities have been suffering from illegal, sub-standard, haphazard and unplanned growth. Master plans have accordingly, emerged as the major road block in promoting planned urban development and making cities sustainable . For promoting planned development and making city growth both rational and dynamic, focus of planning should be on redefining and putting in place a new order of urban planning, development options and management strategies besides suggesting new format of Master Plans to make cities smart, more humane, equitable, just, efficient, productive, sustainable and providers of assured quality of life to all existing and future urban residents including poorest of the poor.
Planning and development options for Peri-urban areasJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to identify the role and importance of per-urban areas in rationalizing the development of urban settlements taking example of Chandigarh Capital city
LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE STATE OF PUNJAB- INTERFACE BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS OF TO...JitKumarGupta1
Indian believes in high traditions of democracy and accordingly, is characterized by multiplicity of laws. With focus on subject specific laws, one can see multiplicity laws. Each law tries to overtake other law, when they relate to the same subject. Sometimes there exists lot of overlapping and contradictions in the legal framework. Since India legal system remain bureaucratic and institutional focused under each law, focus of bureaucracy remains to create more laws and more space number for creating institutions and jobs for the bureaucracy. Despite India , as a nation accepting the role and importance of Urban local Bodies in 1972, when 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, was enacted, still states were passing laws in 1996 to create separate/additional/ independent agencies operating in the domain of urban planning, development and management, ignoring to empower urban local bodies to take up that role. Accordingly, state scenario in urban development in the country remains multi-faceted with existence of large number of departments and agencies operating in the urban development, which dilutes the intent of planned and orderly development in human settlements.Prevailing urban development scenario indicates existence of not only large number of urban laws but also large number of urban development agencies. However, there exists concentration of development agencies operating in the large urban areas but these agencies are conspicuous by their absence in the small urban settlements. Our capacity to create rational, effective, efficient, compact planning framework and agencies for effectively implementing of planning framework, will hold the key for future planned growth of urban settlements .Write-up focuses on the State of Punjab which has put in place a legal regime providing for promoting comprehensive and integrated development of urban and rural area through the preparation of Regional Plans and Master Plans in 1996 . In the year 2006, the entire set of provisions regulating the preparation of Regional Plans and Master Plans were critically reviewed, rationalized, simplified and modified drastically to streamline the procedure by making amendments eliminating/ minimizing number of vital steps involving public participation, involving urban local bodies; printing existing landuse plans etc. First master plan came into operation in 2006, after a decade of launching the Act. Till now more than 35 cities have bbeen covered unde such plans out of 216 urban settlements recorded in 2011 census.
.
Planning and development options for Peri-urban areasJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to look into periphery, its role and importance in planned development, roadblocks facing its development and suggesting options for rationalising its growth
Redefining Planning and Development Strategies for Peri-Urban areasJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Peri-urban areas command critical role in the urban development. They are the next generation urban areas, when urban limits are extended. Accordingly, it would be important that these areas are properly defined, rationally planned and effectively managed in terms of their growth and development. Unfortunately , in majority of urban areas, most of the peri-urban areas don’t find recognition in the parlance of existing planning , development and management system. Accordingly, majority of cities face enormous growth in the fringe areas at the cost of development within the defined urban areas because of the availability of cheaper land and lack of adequate development controls. One can see large institutions of higher learning and large/small industries getting localized in the peri-urban areas. Setting up of major projects in isolation and away from the cities invariably leads to emergence of unplanned growth and sub-standard development of such areas. Present policy of approving Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and granting change of land use for the projects, away from the existing urban centres without any supporting framework for planned development of peri-urban areas has led to enormous conversion, subdivision of land and haphazard growth and development around urban centres. It would be important that the issue is critically and objectively looked at , and an effective legal framework to regulate the development in these areas is put in place on priority. In fact, future livability, sustainability and productivity of Urban- India will largely depend and hinge upon , how professionally, effectively and efficiently we manage our peri-urban areas. Conceptually Peri-Urban areas represent one of the best options for promoting balanced growth of urban and rural settlements in a mutually beneficial and supportive manner and accordingly needs to be protected and promoted both rationally and realistically. Adoption of the principle of developing all the urban centres with their defined periphery can usher an era of balanced growth and prosperity, creating affordable housing for large majority of Indian masses besides helping in meeting the national target of housing for all and eliminating existing dichotomy and conflicts in urban and rural interests.
Strategies fro promoting good urban governanace 08-12-2018JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper makes an attempt to look at the entire context of governance in the urban areas, issues which are hammering the effective management of urban areas and way forward to make urban governance vibrant, effective and efficient
Paper focus on the status of urban local bodies in the Indian context, their role and importance in making urban areas more livable and sustainable, roadblocks hampering their operational efficiencies and options to make them vibrant institutions of governance
Comprehensive Development of Amritsar- Need for A Planning and Urban Develop...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper was written when Amritsar development Authority was not created and Amritsar Master Plan was in evolution. Paper was written primarily to focus on the need of creating a dedicated agency for promoting the planned development of Amritsar Metroplis. Paper is being published by adding the post srcipt in the already published text
Strategies for Promoting Good Urban Governance at Local LevelJitKumarGupta1
Indian cities are being run/managed by proxy without an ownership and quality leadership. Accordingly, cities are being misused, abused and manipulated, to serve the personal interests, ignoring the larger public interests and interests of the stakeholders / residents. Indian cities galore with multiplicity of laws and multiplicity of agencies operating , working invariably at cross purposes . Quality leadership is conspicuous by its absence. Manpower involved with the management of the cities has little capacity, understanding and expertise in dealing with the challenges faced by cities. The administrative, planning and development capacity is totally lacking in manpower / resources. So cities and residents are suffering . There exists little commitment to put urban governance on higher pedestal of quality, performance, effectiveness and efficiency. McKinsey Global report has outlined three- pronged strategy to make cities great places to live and work involving Achieving Smart Growth; Doing More with Less and Winning Support for a Change. Despite the fact that role of urban local bodies remains vital in urban governance and 74th Constitution Amendment have put them on the pedestals of government in their own right ,but their structure ,resources ,culture/capacity in the area of urban governance remains marginalised. Growing size, population and complexities of the problems and challenges make the task all the more difficult/challenging .Good urban governance should involve; improving capacity to govern ; improving institutional, technical, administrative and political capacities; making available skilled manpower; providing Sufficient resources and quality manpower; incentivising good performance ; reviewing/rationalising legal framework ; defining Unified law; promoting fruitful partnership between state/ local bodies; creating grievances redressal cells ; involving communities ; disseminating examples of good governance; to fulfil the vision of a planned, healthy, productive, sustainable, liveable and efficient urban settlement in years to come.
Strategies for Promoting Good Governanace at Local Level urban g overnance (1...JitKumarGupta1
McKinsey Report , ‘How to Make a City Great-,outlines three-pronged strategy, to make cities great places to live and work, involving Achieving Smart Growth by adopting a strategic approach, planning for a change, integrating environmental thinking and insisting on opportunities for all; Doing More with Less by assessing and managing expenses rigorously, exploring partnerships, introducing accountability and embracing technology ; Winning Support for a Change by crafting a personal vision, building a high performing team ,creating a culture of accountability and forging stakeholder consensus. 74th Constitution Amendment, mandates ULBs to emerge as government in its own right .Looking at their structure ,resources and culture, it appears that their capacity in urban governance is totally lacking, considering the growing size, population and complexities of the problems /challenges posed by the urban areas, If good urban governance through local bodies is to be ensured, their capacity to govern has to be improved by providing them necessary skills in terms of institutional, technical, administrative and political capacities. For creating appropriate capacity, State must create options for skilling manpower t ; making available Sufficient resources; improving Personnel management ; incentivising local bodies by recognizing good work done by the local bodies. Examples of good governance need dissemination for replication and to build on such examples and ensure that every urban centre to fulfill the vision of a planned, healthy, productive, sustainable, liveable and efficient settlementin.
This report will provide a great deal of data for planning Pabna Municipality. The source are old but might give a better result in analysis for urban planning. We can have a proper idea of how to plan a municipal area in the future, control urban growth, and increase utility services for betterment of the people living in an urban area
Legal Imperatives for Rationalized Planning and Development of Peri-Urban Are...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the strategy and options for for the growth and development of peri- urban areas in order to make it supportive of sustainability of core urban areas.
Assessment and Future Land Requirements Of Urban areas And Facilities Of Pab...MD Sabbir Hossain Shah
Here is Mohammad Sabbir Hossain Shah, a student at Pabna University of Science and Technology.Literally, this report depicts the process and methods of urban area plan, short description of case study area of Pabna Municipality (population, area, road network, housing, socio-economic condition, employment status, etc), urbanization rate, population projection for 2040 and 2050, economic and employment analysis and projection, threshold analysis for future service facilities, suitable location proposals for waste disposal site, parks and recreation, residential and commercial development, future land requirement for different service facilities within the Pabna Municipality, etc.
Urban planning is the process of developing and designing urban areas. Encompassed in that process is the use of open land, air, water, and the built environment, including buildings, transportation, economic and social functions. Typically used as part of a larger city plan, an urban plan should tie back to an organization’s mission and vision statements.
Similar to Urban development in deeper mess in the state of punjab (20)
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
Fonts play a crucial role in both User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design. They affect readability, accessibility, aesthetics, and overall user perception.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Urban development in deeper mess in the state of punjab
1. Urban Development in Deeper Mess in the State of
Punjab
**Jit Kumar Gupta
State of Punjab with merely 1.53% of geographical area, holding 2.4%
population and contributing half of nation cereals production, is known for its
uniqueness, role and importance in leveraging the national growth and
development. Despite its strength in agriculture, Punjab is the only state which
has demonstrated the efficacy and efficiency that agricultural economy can be
leveraged to promote higher order of urbanisation.
With 168 statutory towns comprising of 10 Municipal Corporations, 96 Municipal
Councils, 59 Nagar Panchayats, 3 Cantonement Boards and 69 census towns ,
state of Punjab ranked 8th among states in the level of urbanisation in the country.
With annual urban growth level of 2.35% (1.34% rural), level of urbanisation placed
at 37.49% the Urban population in the state numbered 10.4 million out of 27.7
million .Census 2011 recorded an addition of 2.12 million to urban population during
the 2001-11 decade with more than half of these urbanites opting to live in class one
cities with population over one lakh.
Despite rapid strides made in the area of urbanisation, majority of urban
development in the state remains both haphazard, unplanned and haphazard.
Absence of an effective, efficient and comprehensive legal frame, initially in the
post-independence period, to create long and short term perspective plans for the
urban areas led to their growth in an unplanned manner. Despite the fact
Chandigarh, the most beautiful and well planned city was created in the state on the
dawn of independence, no lessons were learnt for ensuring the planned
development of the cities of the state. Majority of cities were being developed by
proxy in the absence of any planning framework. In the absence of development
agencies and legal framework, role of the government was minimal and highly
fragmented. Low priority was accorded to the urban development with low budgetary
allocations made to urban development. Urban local bodies were the main agencies
to take care of the urban development within municipal areas. With low financial and
technical capacity, municipalities made little efforts to improve the physical
conditions and services in the urban areas. Cumulative effect of these factors led to
urban growth which was marked by free for all, unplanned and haphazard
development. With little resources, control and commitment cities grew, largely in
illegal/unauthorised manner.
Year 1992 marked a watershed development in making urban local bodies as
institutions of self- governance under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act,
enacted by the Indian Parliament. Despite the enactment of the law, urban
2. development functions contained in the Twelfth Schedule of the constitution were not
allocated to the urban local bodies in the state of Punjab.
In 1995, State of Punjab enacted comprehensive law, by the name, ‘The Punjab
Regional and Urban Planning and Development, Act,1995’, for preparation of
Regional Plans and Master Plans for urban centres, besides creating urban
development authorities on the pattern followed for Delhi Development Authority. In
addition, State also enacted , ‘The Punjab Apartment and Property Regulations, Act,
1995’, to regulate the activities of the private sector involved in setting up colonies
and construction of apartments in the state. Under these laws state first established
state level planning and development authority by the name Punjab Urban Planning
and Development Authority, which was subsequently fragmented by setting up of 6
Regional level Planning and Development Authorities at Amritsar, Jalandhar,
Ludhiana, Mohali, Patiala and Bathinda. These authorities had total disconnect with
urban local bodies operating in their areas in their planning and development. The
laws negated the very essence of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, by
creating new agencies for planning and development for urban areas ignoring the
legitimate rights of ULBs.
Segregating urban planning and local government departments in the state also
created contradictory positions where the agency entrusted with planning of urban
areas had no connectivity with the agency made responsible for managing the urban
areas. In fact both departments emerged as competitors instead of collaborators.
Existence of number of Improvement Trusts created for large urban centres, under
the Punjab Improvement Trust Act, 1922, made situation more anomalous by their
operations in the urban areas without involving urban local bodies.
Thus there has emerged a scenario in urban planning and development which is
marked by duplication, overlapping, contradiction and disconnect.
Despite the fact that comprehensive Urban law for preparing master plan was
enacted in 1995, till now Master Plans for only 36 out of total of 237 urban centres
have been prepared in the last 23 years. Position of Regional Plans is even worst
with only one Regional Plan for the Mohali Region has been prepared. Even Master
Plans, which have been prepared are not being implemented in letter and spirit with
amendments being carried out as a matter of routine and not as an exception. In this
scenario, urban centres in Punjab are growing in a very irrational and unplanned
manner, with little respect for law and care for planned development and public
interest.
Majority of the illegal constructions can be attributed to the unabated development of
unauthorised colonies which are mushrooming all over the state. The extent of
unauthorised development in the urban areas of the state of Punjab can be gauged
from the fact that different ruling political parties in the state have been promising
and bringing policies from time to time to regularise these unauthorised colonies/
3. constructions. In fact regularisation of colonies has formed an important component
of their election agenda to attract votes and come to power. Promoters, Builders and
Colonisers are now clear that all violations made shall be regularised in due course
of time and accordingly state is reeling under the culture of converting all illegal and
unauthorised development into legal and authorised development following due
process of law and compromising with all specified norms, standards, rules and
regulations regarding planning, parks, , area under roads, saleable area, area under
public amenities, healthcare , education, open spaces etc. In the entire process the
losers are invariably the government and people in terms of loss in revenue, huge
financial liability arising out of providing services and amenities, poor infrastructure,
inadequate amenities, open spaces, services, sub-standard development and poor
quality of life both for the present and future generations. It is always win-win
situation for builders, colonisers and developers, who are able to fleece people and
state, make huge amount of profits, donot pay the external development charges
collected from people ; donot carryout promised internal development within colony
for which money is already collected, make people suffer due to refusal of
permission to construct etc.
Looking at the context one can see that previous Akali government during its ten
year rule, spanning over 2007-17, came out with three policies for regularisation of
unauthorised colonies and regularisation of unauthorised plots/buildings in the year
2013, 2014 and 2016. These schemes were essentially thought to be schemes for
granting benevolence to people and colonisers; creating a vote bank for the next
election besides generating huge money for the fund starved government.
Under these schemes a total of 6662 applications were received for regularisation
of colonies out of which 3377 were falling within municipal limit whereas remaining
3285 colonies were carved outside municipal boundaries. Thus both urban and rural
areas shared equally the bliss and burden of unauthorised colonies . Based on the
policies evolved, out of total of 6662 applications received from unauthorised
colonies, only 2565 (40%) colonies were approved by the government whereas
remaining 4097(60%) could not be regularised and continued to be unauthorised.
Under the said schemes,a total of 3,80,912 applications were received for
regularisation of unauthorised plots/buildings out of which 3,33,634 ( 87%)
plots/buildings were regularised whereas 47,278 (13%) were rejected and still
continue to be unauthorised.
Present Congress government, which came into power in 2017, has come out with a
policy for regularisation of unauthorised colonies/ building /plots, following the
promises made in its election manifesto. Policy notified by Department of Housing
and Urban Development vide notification number 12/21/2017-5hg2/1130 dated April
20, 2018 has following objectives :
To bring all unauthorised colonies/buildings, wherever feasible into planning
framework and to regularise the development.
4. To facilitate the implementation of the Master Plans
To improve the circulation pattern of streets/roads
To facilitate provision of the basic amenities to residents/plot holders of these
areas
To make provisions to regularise and to compound offences under the Punjab
Regional and Town Planning and Development Avt, 1995, PAPARA, 1995,
Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, Municipal Corporation Act, 1976, Factories Act
1948 and Town Improvement Act, 1922.
Policy further mandates that;
Only unauthorised colonies carved before April 19, 2018, for which
applications will be received, are to be considered for Regularisation.
Though policy covers the entire state , but it excludes large chunk of state
including area of periphery beyond municipal limits, area covered by
restrictions under scheduled roads, defence laws/installations, heritage
buildings, public land, airport, oil and gas pipelines, master plans-- where
unauthorised colonies/buildings will not be regularised.
Application for regularisation will be required to be made within 4 months of
the notification of the policy.
In addition to colonisers and developers, Resident Welfare Associations and
Co-operative societies have also been authorised to submit applications for
regularisation of such colonies.
Unauthorised Colonies carved out before April1, 2013 to be regularised
even if they violate the provision of landuse of master plans
Unauthorised Colonies carved out after April1, 2013 will not be regularised,
if they violate the provision of landuse of master plans.
Unauthorised Colonies have been placed under 4 distinct categories based
on the plots which are built up;
i. upto 25% plots are built up
II above 25% to 50% plots are built up
iii. above 50% plots are built up
Iv more than 75% plots are built up- exceptional colonies
For each category, details and relaxations have been prescribed regarding
access road, internal roads, area under amenities, area under parks, water
works, STP etc.
policy provides the procedure and the documents to be submitted along with
the application for the regularisation of colony/buildings
Provision for a committee under the chairmanship of DC has been made to
deal with cases falling in the category of built up plots above 75%.
For regularisation of unauthorised colonies falling within municipal areas ,
power has been vested with concerned ULBs; whereas for colonies outside
municipal limits, power has been given to concerned Development Authority
5. Composition fee @ 0.5%, 2% and 6% of current collector rate has been
prescribed based on life of the unauthorised residential colonies of more than
10 years, 4-10 years and less than 4 years. Higher charges for commercial
component have been prescribed for regularisation. Composition fee is to be
paid in 4 instalments.
Provision for identification of unauthorised colonies by a committee has also
been provided in the policy after the expiry of the four month period of
making application.
Provision for rendering technical advise to applicants regarding change of
landuse, planning etc has also been made for the applicants of unauthorised
colonies.
Procedure for regularisation of plots/buildings have also been made along
with the development charges to be paid. In addition, owners who have
constructed buildings are also required to pay composition charges on
prorarta basis based on the constructed area.
funds collected from a each colony will be put in a separate account and will
be used for the development of that colony only.
In case of disputes , CA, PUDA has been designated as the appellate
authority.
For checking the mushrooming of unauthorised colonies in future, policy
mandates increasing the punishment of jail to 7 years , minimum fine to 5
lakh, demolition of structures by giving a notice; and debarring all authorities
to give connections for water, sewer and electricity with no registration
permitted for plots falling in unauthorised colonies.
Looking at the entire context, it needs to be seen the provisions which a
coloniser is supposed to meet with while setting up of an authorised colony
under the provisions of PAPRA;
Registration as Promoter
Owning the land/right to use land where colony is to be developed
Technical Capacity to develop colony
Financial Capacity to develop colony
Prepare Plan for the colony as per norms
Saleable area not to exceed 55%, with special relaxation upto 65%
Provide minimum 5% area as open space
Provide Internal roads of minimum width of 35feet
Access road of prescribed width
Provide amenities related to parks, open spaces, education, healthcare,
community centre, entertainment etc at his own cost
Provides services and service networks in terms of w/s, sewerage, sanitation,
roads, electricity, landscaping etc along with water works, STP, EGS etc
Undertake all internal development on the defined norms within the colony
6. Pay proportionate External Development Charges on prorate basis for city
level services
Pay landuse, license fee and other charges
Provide bank guarantee on prescribed norms for the works to be executed
Obtain a completion certificate
Keep a record of account of the money received from allotters and the
expenditure incurred on development works etc
To submit periodical reports
To allow inspection of works being carried out etc
To display all documents and specifications of materials to be used
To reserve plots/flats for EWS based on the norms/rules
Provision of permitting setting up of colonies under PAPRA was essentially
made to;
-- involve private sector in promoting planned development,
-- Developing colonies of appropriate standards,
-- ensuring quality of life for the residents,
-- safeguarding the interest of plot owners and
-- checking malpractices of the unprofessional colonisers and developers
Looking at the policy framework of April 2018, all these objectives are bound
to be defeated by permitting regularisation of unauthorised colonies. Its
impact will be far reaching and it will adversely impact the development
culture of state. It will put planned development on back burner and will herald
an era of unplanned development. The provisions of the policy will defeat the
very objectives it wants to achieve. Policy will lead to;
State left with liability of large number of unauthorised colonies due to
exclusion of large areas from the policy framework of regularisation
Ushering an era of unplanned growth and development in the state.
Haphazard and unauthorised development will become the norm rather
than exception
Violations of Master Plans-- needing revision and review- losing
sanctity as promoter of planned development
Colonies located in industrial/non- compatible uses getting regularised
Entailing huge financial liability for the state to provide services
State losing huge money- which it would have earned as authorised
colonies
State/ulbs losing the External Development Charges-- collected to fund
the city services
Internal development becoming ULBs liability
7. Colonies in rural areas suffering due to absence of service network
Rural colonies giving impetus to unauthorised development in rural
areas, adversely impacting the environment and ecology
State losing precious agriculture land --used for urban purpose in an
haphazard manner.
All urban areas getting adversely impacted in terms of planned
development
Absence of uniform standards for regularisation of the unauthorised
colonies. Unauthorised Colonies with large built plots given better
treatment with higher order of relaxations provided for approval in
terms of width of streets, area under roads, open spaces etc
Traffic & transportation, safety and mobility emerging as major causality
due to narrow road widths
Absence of adequate open spaces promoting congestion and unhealthy
environment
Schools, dispensaries, community centres finding no place in such
colonies due to high saleable area
high density and population pollution to mark such Colonies
Laying services in narrow roads to be the great challenge. Proximity of
sewer and water may lead to water contamination and promote water
borne diseases
Plot owners facing huge liability for making provision of the basic
services
Regularised colonies promoting colonies of differential standards with
many bordering on to become regularised slums
Subjectivity will rule the regularisation process with many malpractices
emerging ,based on power of regularisation and relaxation provided
Classification of colonies needing critical review
Each colony needs to be treated separately as an independent unit and
decided accordingly
Framework and principles provided in PAPRA should be taken as the
guiding principles for regularisation
Regularisation should not be viewed as a political process and election
agenda but should be viewed in terms of sustainability, environment,
ecology, culture, quality of life and future operation of cities and their
functioning.
The extent of the applications received for regularisation under the 2018 policy
is not known but considering the fact that backlog of 4097 colonies which
were not regularised under earlier policy till 2016, the numbers may cross 7000
mark. Assuming an average area of 5 acre for each colony, the total area
involved for regularisation shall be in the range of 35,000 Acres; which is the
8. area of Amritsar metropolis. State will thus be gifting its people an
unauthorised Amritsar to live with and bear its adverse consequences. New
policy is understood to be in the process of finalisation. State must not watch
the interest of Colonisers , who are the only gainers in this process but should
critically and objectively look at the larger public interest for which the state
has promised to work.