Urban civilizations first developed around the 4th millennium BC in the river valleys and plains of Egypt and Mesopotamia along the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers, which had fertile soils. This transition from villages to cities, known as the urban revolution, was characterized by abundant crop surpluses that fed urban populations and were traded, a hierarchical society divided into rulers, soldiers, priests, farmers, and artisans, and an advanced culture facilitated by the invention of writing. Power was centered around kings and pharaohs who possessed absolute authority over the political and administrative organizations.

1. URBAN
CIVILISATION
S

2.  Urban civilizations are those who first developed the
city. This event took place during the fourth
millennium BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia, both
regions are located in river valleys and plains with
large rivers (Nile, Tigris and Euphrates) and fertile
soils.

3. The transition from village to city is called urban
revolution and is characterized by these features:
 An abundant agricultural crop production that
allowed the accumulation of surpluses to feed the
urban population and exchange agricultural
products.
 A very hierarchical society divided into different
groups: rulers, soldiers, priests, farmers, artisans,
traders ..

4.  A very advanced culture (mathematics,
medicine ..), that the invention of writing helped
spread.olute power.
 A political and administrative organization based
on the authority of rulers (kings and pharaohs)
who possessed absolute power.
 An official cáracter art in the service of kings and
pharaohs.