Everything related to Upper First Pre-Molar is explained. From the functions, chronology and aspects of the tooth completely anatomically. In addition to the shape of the pulp and its structural anatomy
Everything related to Upper Central Incisor is explained. From the functions, chronology and aspects of the tooth completely anatomically. In addition to the shape of the pulp and its structural anatomy
Everything related to Upper Central Incisor is explained. From the functions, chronology and aspects of the tooth completely anatomically. In addition to the shape of the pulp and its structural anatomy
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
5. 1- Buccal Aspect
• Trapezoidal
• M. outline : slightly concave
• D. outline : less concave
• Contacts areas are broad ()عريض
1. M.C.A & D.C.A : at junction of occlusal
and middle thirds
• Buccal cusp : long & mesial slope is
straight & longer than distal slope &
curved
• Tip is distally to a line bisecting ()ينصف the
crown buccally
• Cervical line : slightly convex root wise
Surface
• Convex
• ELEVATIONS :
1. Cervical ridge
2. Buccal ridge
• DEPRESSION :
1. 2 developmental depression
2. 3 lobes middle most developed
3. M.B. & D.B lobes
Root
• Most of them have 2 roots B.LI.
• 2 pulp canals .
• Usually one root with 2 canals .
• Resembles that of the canine only
3,4mm shorter .
6. 2- Lingual aspect
• Li. Cusp : shorter than buccal by 1mm
• Narrower mesiodistally
• Cusp tip : pointed
• M. & D. slopes : meeting at right angle
• Cervical line : regular & less convex root wise than buccal
• Lingual ridge : crest of the lingual convexity which terminate at lingual cusp tip
Surface
• Mesial and distal outline : straight near
convex then convex and continues with
slopes of lingual cusp .
• Surface of crown : convex
Cusp is smooth and convex at all points .
Root
• Lingual portion of root : 2 roots are
present are smooth and convex
• Apex of lingual root : blunter than that of
buccal root
7. 3- Mesial Aspect
• Trapezoidal
• B. outline : convex
• B. crest of curvature : cervical third
• Cusp tip : on line with apex buccally
• Li. Outline : convex
• Li. crest of curvature : near center of the middle third
• Tip : online with lingual apex root
• Li. Cusp : shorter than buccal by 1mm
• M.M.R. at the junction of occlusal and middle thirds
• Cervical line : concave root wise , depth : 1mm
• Mesial developmental depression immediately cervical to the mesial contact area , it runs
beyond cervical line to join a deep developmental depression at bifurcation ()التفرع .
8. 4-distal aspect
• Crown : convex (except) small flatted areas :-
1. Cervical to contact area .
2. Buccal to the center of distal surface
• No deep developmental groove crossing the D.M.R.
• Cervical line : less convex ( straight )
• Root trunk : no developmental depression , no developmental grooves
• BIFURCATION is near apical third
9. 5- occlusal aspect
• Hexagonal ()سداسي , not equilateral (االضالع متساوى )غير
• Six sides : M.B & M. & M.Li. & D.B. & D. & D.Li.
• B.Li. : much greater than M.D.
• ELEVATIONS :
1. M.B. cusp ridge meets M.M.R. at right angle
2. D.B. cusp ridge meets D.M.R. at an acute angle
3. M.Li. and D.Li. Cusp ridges are curved
4. B. & Li. Triangle ridges are transverse ridge Mesiodistal marginal ridge
• DEPRESSION :
1. Central developmental groove
2. Mesiobuccal & mesiodistal developmental groove
3. Distobuccal & distolingual developmental groove
4. M. & D. developmental pits ()حفر
5. No supplemental grooves
6. 2 triangular fossa mesial & distal
11. First Pre-Molar
• Have long buccal and sharp cusps assisting canine as a tearing tooth
• Cusp of first pre molar is sharp and long
• Tips of mesial are within the confines()حدود of the root trunk
12. Characteristics common to all posterior teeth and that
differ from those of anterior teeth
1) Greater B.Li. measurement than M.D.
2) Broader contact areas
3) Contact areas more nearly at the same level
4) Less curvature of the cervical line from all aspects
5) Shorter crown than anterior teeth
