Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC) had changed the PCS Exam Pattern from UPPSC Prelims 2018 onward. UPPSC syllabus is based on the new PCS exam pattern. We will provide you with the latest UPPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standa...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IV Part-2 Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standardization of antibiotics.
Introduction: Principles Advantages of Microbial Assay: Disadvantages of Microbial Assay: MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF ANIBIOTICS PRINCIPLE Media used for antibiotics assay Standard Preparation. Buffer Solutions Preparation of the Sample Solution: Test Organisms Preparation of inoculum: Methods of preparation of test organism suspension: Assay Methods: Method A: Cup-plate or Cylinder Plate Method.
Method B: Turbidimetric or Tube assay Method
benzene and its derivatives unit 1 pharmaceutical organic chemistry MOHITROCK1
benzene and its derivatives synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of
friedelcrafts alkylation
structure and uses of ddt
structure and uses of bhc and chloramine
Extraction refers to processes for the isolation of the active ingredients from drug material. This may be by physical means or by dissolving in a suitable menstruum (liquid solvent eg. water or alcohol). Expression is the physical act of applying pressure to squeeze out oils or juices from plants.
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standa...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IV Part-2 Principles and methods of different microbiological assay, methods for standardization of antibiotics.
Introduction: Principles Advantages of Microbial Assay: Disadvantages of Microbial Assay: MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF ANIBIOTICS PRINCIPLE Media used for antibiotics assay Standard Preparation. Buffer Solutions Preparation of the Sample Solution: Test Organisms Preparation of inoculum: Methods of preparation of test organism suspension: Assay Methods: Method A: Cup-plate or Cylinder Plate Method.
Method B: Turbidimetric or Tube assay Method
benzene and its derivatives unit 1 pharmaceutical organic chemistry MOHITROCK1
benzene and its derivatives synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of
friedelcrafts alkylation
structure and uses of ddt
structure and uses of bhc and chloramine
Extraction refers to processes for the isolation of the active ingredients from drug material. This may be by physical means or by dissolving in a suitable menstruum (liquid solvent eg. water or alcohol). Expression is the physical act of applying pressure to squeeze out oils or juices from plants.
Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions.
unit 2 hand writting notes of phenol amines acidsMOHITROCK1
Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative
tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and
important reactions of benzoic acid
Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC) had changed the PCS Exam Pattern from UPPSC Prelims 2018 onward. UPPSC syllabus is based on the new PCS exam pattern. We will provide you with the latest UPPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
The syllabus for the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) exams is available on the official UPSC website. You can download it as a PDF document from there. Here are the general subjects covered in the UPSC syllabus.
Mains Syllabus of General Studies, Detailed UPSC Syllabus of General Studies,IASNeoStencil
Mains Syllabus of General Studies, Detailed UPSC Syllabus of General Studies,IAS.Information on IAS Mains syllabus for General Studies, UPSC IAS Exams,upsc syllabus,Career Guidance and advice for those who are preparing for General Studies.
GENERAL STUDIES MAINS TEST SERIES 2014 :
23 Qualitative Test to enhance your preparation standards
Prepared by experienced & seasonal brains, such that in previous year more than 50% of the Test series Questions matched with the Exam Paper.
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Not just a test series,but a compact Crash Course.
Most Scientifically designed pattern & syllabus.
Tests in four levels, covers topics from basics to advanced.
Detailed analysis & discussion by experienced faculty of VVR.
To the point marking and augmented assessments at every point.
Brochure of VVR-IAS Institute, VVR-IAS is Best IAS Academy/Coaching Centre providing coaching for UPSC/IAS/Civil Services Examination for General Studies all modules Delhi & Hyderabad-Prelims & Mains.
SYLLABUS FOR UPPCS (MAINS) EXAMINATION.pdfraceias1
There will be three sections in the question paper of Essay. Candidates will have to select one topic from each section and they are required to write essay in 700 words on each topic. In the three sections, topics of essay will be based on following sphere :
there are many commercial coaching centers in Chandigarh but S.N.M is one academy where ethics & integrity are two highly valued virtues. S.N.M academy is not a mere coaching centre; it is guiding institute where transparency in functioning & operations are of utmost importance.
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Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions.
unit 2 hand writting notes of phenol amines acidsMOHITROCK1
Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative
tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and
important reactions of benzoic acid
Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC) had changed the PCS Exam Pattern from UPPSC Prelims 2018 onward. UPPSC syllabus is based on the new PCS exam pattern. We will provide you with the latest UPPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
The syllabus for the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) exams is available on the official UPSC website. You can download it as a PDF document from there. Here are the general subjects covered in the UPSC syllabus.
Mains Syllabus of General Studies, Detailed UPSC Syllabus of General Studies,IASNeoStencil
Mains Syllabus of General Studies, Detailed UPSC Syllabus of General Studies,IAS.Information on IAS Mains syllabus for General Studies, UPSC IAS Exams,upsc syllabus,Career Guidance and advice for those who are preparing for General Studies.
GENERAL STUDIES MAINS TEST SERIES 2014 :
23 Qualitative Test to enhance your preparation standards
Prepared by experienced & seasonal brains, such that in previous year more than 50% of the Test series Questions matched with the Exam Paper.
Not just excellent quality but also quantity to prepare, practice & succeed.
Not just a test series,but a compact Crash Course.
Most Scientifically designed pattern & syllabus.
Tests in four levels, covers topics from basics to advanced.
Detailed analysis & discussion by experienced faculty of VVR.
To the point marking and augmented assessments at every point.
Brochure of VVR-IAS Institute, VVR-IAS is Best IAS Academy/Coaching Centre providing coaching for UPSC/IAS/Civil Services Examination for General Studies all modules Delhi & Hyderabad-Prelims & Mains.
SYLLABUS FOR UPPCS (MAINS) EXAMINATION.pdfraceias1
There will be three sections in the question paper of Essay. Candidates will have to select one topic from each section and they are required to write essay in 700 words on each topic. In the three sections, topics of essay will be based on following sphere :
there are many commercial coaching centers in Chandigarh but S.N.M is one academy where ethics & integrity are two highly valued virtues. S.N.M academy is not a mere coaching centre; it is guiding institute where transparency in functioning & operations are of utmost importance.
We at S.N.M IAS Academy imparts IAS coaching in the most professional manner following a strictly student centric approach which accounts for the unparalleled results. We have been showing from half a decade.
The complete syllabus for UPSC Civil Services Exam is given here. Syllabus for prelims and syllabus for mains exams is given, covering all parts of the exam pattern.
Here you will get detailed syllabus for UPSC MAINS Syllabus which will helpful for your preparation and get access easily these syllabus in details. For more Free study material for UPSC Exam you can visit our website https://harsh.pidmtraining.com/
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases vacancies for All India Services Post every year. UPSC syllabus is based on the latest notification We will provide you with the latest UPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC) had changed the PCS Exam Pattern from UPPSC Prelims 2018 onward. UPPSC syllabus is based on the new PCS exam pattern. We will provide you with the latest UPPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
Chanakya Mains Test Series (CMTS) is a comprehensive test series offered by Chanakya IAS Academy for UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination. The series covers the entire syllabus of the Mains exam in a systematic and proactive manner, helping candidates assess their preparation level and identify areas where they need improvement.
The CMTS consists of 13 tests, divided into 7 Advanced Tests, 4 Full Length Tests, and 2 Essay Tests. The tests are conducted in a simulated exam environment, with strict time limits and marking scheme. This helps candidates get used to the pressure of the actual exam and improve their time management skills.
The CMTS is conducted by a team of experienced faculty members who are experts in the UPSC syllabus. The tests are designed to be challenging but fair, and they provide valuable feedback to help candidates improve their performance.
Similar to UP PCS PRELIMS AND MAINS SYLLABUS.pdf (20)
Explore the dynamic world of ocean water and currents with this engaging PPT lesson by IAS Next. Dive deep into the intricate mechanisms governing ocean currents, their impact on climate, marine life, and more. Gain insights into the significance of understanding oceanic processes for various competitive exams, including IAS. This comprehensive presentation combines visuals and informative content to make learning about oceanography both educational and enjoyable.
IAS NEXT is the best ias coaching in India has launched All India Test Series Schedule for UPSC aspirant. This schedule is launched exclusivily for Hindi Medium Aspirants.
UPSC Current affairs 04-09-2023 (Hindi).docxDEEPAK CHAUHAN
‘एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0’ कार्यक्रम
भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण (एएसआई) 4 सितंबर, 2023 को भारत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत को संरक्षित करने के लिए "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0 प्रोग्राम," भारतीय विरासत ऐप और ई-अनुमति पोर्टल लॉन्च करेगा।
खबर का अवलोकन
• भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण (एएसआई) पूरे भारत में 3696 स्मारकों की सुरक्षा करता है, जो देश की समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक विरासत को प्रदर्शित करता है और इसके आर्थिक विकास में योगदान देता है।
• एएसआई का लक्ष्य 4 सितंबर, 2023 को समवेत ऑडिटोरियम, आईजीएनसीए, नई दिल्ली में "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0" कार्यक्रम शुरू करके इन विरासत स्थलों को बढ़ाना और बनाए रखना है। यह संशोधित कार्यक्रम कॉर्पोरेट हितधारकों को इन स्मारकों पर सुविधाएं बढ़ाने के लिए अपने सीएसआर फंड का उपयोग करने के लिए आमंत्रित करता है।
कार्यक्रम अवलोकन:
• एएसआई का "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0" कार्यक्रम 2017 में शुरू की गई एक योजना का एक पुनर्कल्पित संस्करण है।
• यह एएमएएसआर अधिनियम 1958 के अनुसार विभिन्न स्मारकों के लिए आवश्यक विशिष्ट सुविधाओं को स्पष्ट रूप से रेखांकित करता है।
• कॉर्पोरेट हितधारक एक समर्पित वेब पोर्टल: www. Indianheritage.gov.in के माध्यम से किसी स्मारक या विशिष्ट सुविधाओं को अपनाने के लिए आवेदन कर सकते हैं।
• पोर्टल गोद लेने के लिए उपलब्ध स्मारकों, अंतराल विश्लेषण और अनुमानित वित्तीय आवश्यकताओं के बारे में विवरण प्रदान करता है।
सांस्कृतिक विरासत का महत्व:
• केंद्रीय संस्कृति, पर्यटन और पूर्वोत्तर क्षेत्र विकास मंत्री जी किशन रेड्डी ने भारत की पहचान को आकार देने में सांस्कृतिक विरासत के महत्व पर जोर दिया।
• विरासत स्मारक सिर्फ संरचनाएं नहीं हैं; वे भारत के इतिहास, कला और वास्तुकला का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं।
• "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0" कार्यक्रम कॉर्पोरेट हितधारकों को भविष्य की पीढ़ियों के लिए इन स्मारकों को संरक्षित करने में भाग लेने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है।
चयन प्रक्रिया:
• चयन प्रक्रिया में उचित परिश्रम, विभिन्न हितधारकों के साथ चर्चा और प्रत्येक स्मारक पर आर्थिक और विकासात्मक अवसरों का आकलन शामिल है।
• चयनित हितधारक स्वच्छता, पहुंच, सुरक्षा और ज्ञान से संबंधित सुविधाएं विकसित करने, प्रदान करने और बनाए रखने के लिए जिम्मेदार होंगे।
• विरासत स्थलों को अपनाने वाले हितधारकों को जिम्मेदार और विरासत-अनुकूल संस्थाओं के रूप में मान्यता मिलेगी।
• नियुक्ति की प्रारंभिक अवधि पांच वर्ष होगी, जिसे अगले पांच वर्षों के लिए बढ़ाए जाने की संभावना है।
भारतीय विरासत मोबाइल ऐप:
• एएसआई 4 सितंबर, 2023 को "इंडियन हेरिटेज" नामक एक उपयोगकर्ता-अनुकूल मोबाइल ऐप लॉन्च करेगा।
• ऐप भारत के विरासत स्मारकों को प्रदर्शित करेगा, जिसमें राज्य-वार विवरण, तस्वीरें, उपलब्ध सार्वजनिक सुविधाओं की सूची, भू-टैग किए गए स्थान और नागरिकों के लिए एक फीडबैक तंत्र शामिल होगा।
• ऐप का लॉन्च चरणों में होगा, जिसकी शुरुआत चरण I में टिकट वाले स्मारकों से होगी, उसके बाद शेष स्मारकों से होगी।
ई-अनुमति पोर्टल:
• एक ई-अनुमति पोर्टल भी लॉन्च किया जाएगा, जो www.asipermissionportal.gov.in पर उपलब्ध होगा।
• यह पोर्टल स्मारकों पर फोटोग्राफी, फिल्मांकन और विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए अनुमति प्राप्त करने की प्रक्रिया को सुव्यवस्थित करता है।
• इसका उद्देश्य विभिन्न अनुमतियाँ प्राप्त करने से जुड़ी परिचालन और लॉजिस्टिक बाधाओं को दूर करना है।
आदित्य-एल1
2 सितंबर 2023 को भारत का पहला सौर वेधशाला मिशन, आदित्य-एल1, श्रीहरिकोटा अंतरिक्ष केंद्र से सफलतापूर्वक लॉन्च किया गया।
खबर का अवलोकन
• सूर्य का अध्ययन करने के लिए 125 दिन की यात्रा पर निकलते हुए, मिशन ठीक सुबह 11:50 बजे रवाना हुआ।
• PSLV C57, विस्तारित स्ट्रैप-ऑन मोटर्स और उच्च ईंधन क्षमता वाला एक XL संस्करण, इस मिशन के लिए उपयोग किया गया ।
• सभी उड़ान पैरामीटर सामान्य थे, जिससे मिशन की सुरक्षित शुरुआत सुनिश्चित हुई।
• आदित्य एल1 चार महीनों में लैग्रेंज 1 बिंदु तक पहुंच जाएगा, जहां अद्वितीय गुरुत्वाकर्षण बल काम कर रहे हैं।
आदित्य एल1 मिशन के लक्ष्य और दायरा
• आदित्य एल1 मिशन का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य सौर हवाओं और सूर्य के वातावरण का व्यापक अध्ययन करना है।
• उपग्रह सात अलग-अलग पेलोड ले गया है जिसका कार्य सूर्य की विभिन्न परतों का अवलोकन करना है, जिसमें प्रकाशमंडल, क्रोमोस्फीयर और सबसे बाहरी कोरोना शामिल हैं।
• मिशन का उद्देश्य कई सौर घटनाओं, जैसे कोरोनल हीटिंग, कोरोनल मास इजेक्शन (सीएमई), प्री-फ्लेयर और फ्लेयर गतिविधियों के साथ-साथ सौर मौसम की गतिशीलता के बारे में हमारी समझ को बढ़ाना है।
• इसके अतिरिक्त, मिशन अंतरग्रहीय माध्यम के भीतर कण और क्षेत्र प्रसार की जांच में योगदान देगा।
World Health Organization (WHO) has recently released the outcome document of first WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023 in form of “Gujarat Declaration”.
Traditional Medicine summit
• Organized by - World Health Organization (WHO).
• Co-hosted by - Ministry of AYUSH.
• Venue - Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• India is the host of WHO-GCTM (Global Centre for Traditional Medicine) as India holds the presidency of the G20 in 2023.
• India will scale up WHO’s capacities to support member states and take forward the summit action agenda.
Gujarat declaration
• Aim - It reaffirms global commitment and harness potential of traditional medicine to achieve health and well-being for all.
• It will serve as a catalyst to harness the potential of traditional medicine through the lens of science and integrate the traditional medicines in national health systems.
• Gujarat declaration talks about scaling up efforts to further implement:
o Evidence-based TCIM (Traditional complimentary integrative medicine) interventions,
o Approaches in support of the goal of universal health coverage (UHC) and
o All health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
'Adopt a Heritage 2.0' program
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) will launch the "Adopt a Heritage 2.0 Programme," the Indian Heritage App and e-permission portal on September 4, 2023, to preserve India's cultural heritage.
An Overview of the News
• ASI protects 3696 monuments across India, which showcase the country's rich cultural heritage and contribute to its economic development.
• ASI aims to enhance and maintain these heritage sites by launching the "Adopt a Heritage 2.0" program on 4th September 2023 at Samvet Auditorium, IGNCA, New Delhi. The revised program invites corporate stakeholders to use their CSR funds to enhance facilities at these monuments.
Program Overview:
• ASI's "Adopt a Heritage 2.0" program is a reimagined version of a scheme launched in 2017.
• It clearly outlines the specific features required for various monuments as per the AMASR Act 1958.
• Corporate Stakeholders A dedicated web portal: www. One can apply for the adoption of any monument or specific features through Indianheritage.gov.in.
• The portal provides details about monuments available for adoption, gap analysis and estimated financial requirements.
Importance of Cultural Heritage:
• Union Minister for Culture, Tourism and Development of North Eastern Region G Kishan Reddy emphasized the importance of cultural heritage in shaping India's identity.
• Heritage monuments are not just structures; They represent the history, art and architecture of India.
• The "Adopt a Heritage 2.0" program encourages corporate stakeholders to participate in preserving these monuments for future generations.
Selection Process:
• The selection process involves due diligence, discussions with various stakeholders, and assessment of economic and developmental opportunities at each monument.
• The selected stakeholders will be responsible for developing, providing, and maintaining facilities related to cleanliness, access, safety, and knowledge.
• Stakeholders adopting heritage sites will be recognized as responsible and heritage-friendly entities.
• The initial term of appointment will be five years, which is likely to be extended for another five years.
Indian Heritage Mobile App:
• ASI will launch a user-friendly mobile app called "Indian Heritage" on September 4, 2023.
• The app will showcase India's heritage monuments, including state-wise descriptions, photographs, a list of public facilities available, geo-tagged locations, and a feedback mechanism for citizens.
• The launch of the app will be in phases, starting with ticketed monuments in Phase I, followed by the rest of the monuments.
E-Permission Portal:
• An e-permission portal will also be launched, which will be available at www.asipermissionportal.gov.in.
• The portal streamlines the process of obtaining permission for photography, filming, and developmental projects at monuments.
• It aims to remove the operational and logistical hassles associated with obtaining various permissions.
Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)
The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) issued an order against M/s IQRA IAS Institute, to discontinue the false testimonials and misleading claims from their website with immediate effect recently.
Background:-
• The issue came to the notice of CCPA through the website of IQRA IAS Institute established in 2018 deliberately and falsely claimed through the testimonials of top-rank holders of UPSC CSE in 2015 & 2017 as their students which is factually deceiving.
• Therefore, CCPA took Suo-moto cognizance and found that along with the aforesaid false claim the institute claimed itself as the only coaching academy to have the best faculty from all around India for providing the best UPSC online prelims test series 2020, thus making it the top UPSC coaching within a year in Pune.
• Accordingly, the notice was issued to IQRA IAS Institute in view of the violation of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Consumer Protection Act, 2019:-
• Definition of consumer: The act defines a consumer as a person who buys any good or avails a service for consideration.
• Exclusion: It does not include a person who obtains a good for resale or a good or service for commercial purposes.
• It covers transactions through all modes including offline, and online through electronic means, teleshopping, multi-level marketing, or direct selling.
• Definition of misleading advertisement: The Act defines “misleading advertisement” in relation to any product or service as “an advertisement, which:-
• Falsely describes such product or service.
• Gives, a false guarantee to, or is likely to mislead the consumers as to the nature, substance, quantity, or quality of such product or service.
• Conveys an express or implied representation which, if made by the manufacturer or seller or service provider thereof, would constitute an unfair trade practice.
• Deliberately conceals important information.
Rights of consumers:-
• Six consumer rights have been defined in the Act, including:-
• Right to safety, right to be Informed, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal, and right to consumer education.
About Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA):-
• Establishment: 2020.
• Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs.
• HQ: Delhi.
• Objective: To protect the rights of the consumer by cracking down on unfair trade practices, and false and misleading advertisements that are detrimental to the interests of the public and consumers.
• The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) is an authority constituted under Section 10(1) of The Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Composition:-
• Head: Chief Commissioner
• Members: two other commissioners as members.
o One of these will deal with matters relating to goods while the other will look into cases relating to services.
• Investigation Wing: The CCPA will have an Investigation Wing, headed by a Director General.
6th Rashtriya Poshan Maah
The sixth Rashtriya Poshan Maah will be celebrated by the Ministry of Women and Child Development throughout September 2023.
An Overview of the News
• The focus of the Rashtriya Poshan Maah initiative is to
comprehensively address malnutrition using a life-cycle approach in sync with Mission Nutrition 2.0.
• POSHAN (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition) campaign, the flagship initiative of the Government of India, was launched to tackle malnutrition.
• It targets pregnant women, lactating mothers, teenage girls and children below 6 years of age.
• During the period of the 15th Finance Commission, it was combined with other schemes to strengthen nutrition assistance.
The theme of Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2023:
• The theme of Poshan Maah 2023 is “Suposhit Bharat, Sakshar Bharat, Sashakt Bharat” (Nutrition-rich India, Educated India, Empowered India).
Activities and Initiatives:
• Various activities and initiatives have been planned during Poshan Maah, including special breastfeeding and complementary feeding campaigns.
• Healthy Child Competition aims to promote healthy competition for nutrition and overall well-being.
• Other initiatives include combining nutrition and education (Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi), promoting lifestyle changes for better nutrition (Mission Life), tribal-centric sensitization, and addressing anemia through testing and treatment.
Jan Andolan movement:
• The Jan Andolan movement under Poshan Maah serves as a platform for a united celebration, emphasizing the country's journey to independence and progress.
• This also includes the 'Meri Maati Mera Desh' campaign.
Role of Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0:
• The objective of encouraging nutrition-seeking behavior is continued through Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0.
A vision of a well-nourished India:
• Poshan Maah 2023 aims to engage communities at large, including Gram Panchayats and urban local bodies, to fulfill the vision of a well-nourished India envisioned by the Honorable Prime Minister during the Amrit Kaal.
LIGO-India Project
As per recent reports, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory project (LIGO)-India, is the next focus of Indian scientists after the Chandrayaan and Aditya missions.
Background:-
• Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory project (LIGO) observatory.
About Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory project (LIGO)-India:-
• Location: Hingoli district of Maharashtra, India.
• Built by: the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology with an MoU with the U.S. National Science Foundation.
• The LIGO-India Project aims to detect gravitational waves from the universe.
o Gravitational waves: They were first postulated (1916) in Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity.
o These waves are produced by the movement of massive celestial bodies, such as black holes or neutron stars
o They are the ripples in spacetime that propagate outward.
• Four comparable detectors will be operating simultaneously around the globe to localize a source of gravitational waves anywhere in the sky.
• LIGO-India will be the third of its kind in the world.
• It is made to the exact specifications of the twin LIGO, in Louisiana (first) and Washington (second) in the U.S.
• The fourth detector will be in Kagra, Japan.
o LIGO: an international network of laboratories that detect gravitational waves.
o The LIGO in the US first detected gravitational waves in 2015, which led to a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2017.
Significance:-
• It will bring India into a prestigious international scientific experiment.
• It will bring advances in astronomy, astrophysics, and cutting-edge technology.
How Dry are India’s Reservoirs?
According to the Central Water Commission (CWC), the live storage in the 150 reservoirs was 113.417 billion cubic meters (BCM) as of 31st August, 2023, which was 63% of their total live storage capacity.
The water levels in the reservoirs varied across different regions and river basins. The southern region, which had a rainfall deficiency of 60% in August, had the lowest storage level of 49% of its combined capacity.
The eastern region, which received normal rainfall, had the highest storage level of 82% of its combined capacity.
African Union (AU):-
• The African Union (AU) is a continental union of 55 member states in Africa.
• The AU was officially launched on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa.
• Its main purpose was to replace the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which began on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa and was dissolved on 9 July 2002.
• The Assembly of the African Union, a semi-annual meeting of heads of state and government of member states, makes the most important decisions within the AU.
• Chairman - Azali Assoumani
• Chairman of the Commission - Moussa Faki
• Parliamentary Speaker - Fortune Jade Charumbira
• The inaugural Africa Climate Summit (ACS23) in Nairobi culminated in the ‘Nairobi
Declaration’, giving the continent a common voice ahead of upcoming key global engagements.
• The declaration has a raft of recommendations, pledges, and demands believed to have boosted Africa’s bargaining power on international platforms.
• The Nairobi summit largely focused on calls to unlock investment in clean energy.
About Africa Climate Summit 2023:-
• Date: 4th to 6th September 2023.
• Venue: Nairobi, Kenya (Africa)
• Objective: to address the increasing exposure to climate change and its associated costs, both globally and particularly in Africa.
• At the Africa Climate Summit, leaders made ambitious pledges and commitments.
• A comprehensive “Pledging and Commitment Framework” was developed to guide these actions.
Significance of Africa Climate Summit 2023:-
• Despite having a small carbon footprint, Africa disproportionately bears the human toll of climate change
• The Summit will highlight the urgent need for regional and global action.
• The outcomes of the summit are critical for the African continent to arrive at a consensus and mobilize action in the upcoming 28th Conference of Parties (COP28).
• COP28 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: is to be hosted in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
What is Deforestation?
Deforestation is the process of clearing or removing a large area of forests or trees, typically due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, urban development, or infrastructure expansion.
What is Forest Restoration?
Forest restoration involves the deliberate and planned process of restoring and regenerating forests that have been degraded, damaged, or lost due to various human activities or natural causes. This process aims to return a forest ecosystem to a healthier and more natural state, often involving tree planting, habitat restoration, and sustainable management practices to improve biodiversity, ecosystem services, and overall forest health.
India’s Pledge:
India aims to restore 21 million hectares of forest by 2030 through the Bonn Challenge. In 2018, a report by the government and the IUCN indicated 10 million hectares were under restoration. India’s national forest policy targets 33% tree coverage.
Status of forest restoration:
• According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), deforestation and forest degradation contribute to around 12% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
• 30% of forestland is degraded in India. The total area occupied by primary forests in India has decreased by 6%.
Current Approach to Restoration:
The current global focus on tree planting has often led to the rapid establishment of fast-growing tree plantations e.g. Miyawaki Method; fast-growing single species like eucalyptus or bamboo to quickly increase tree cover. This approach can yield quick results but also poses risks, including invasive species and land dispossession.
India’s Tree Planting Experiments:
India has conducted tree planting experiments for over 200 years, offering valuable lessons about different approaches to forest restoration and their consequences on local communities and the environment.
International Literacy Day - 8 September
• During the global event, outstanding literacy promotion programs will be recognized by conferring UNESCO International Literacy Awards.
History of International Literacy Day:-
• UNESCO introduced International Literacy Day in 1966 at its 14th General Conference.
• The first International Literacy Day was celebrated in 1967.
• The official date of International Literacy Day is 26 October, which was established during the 1966 UNESCO conference.
• The primary goal of this day is to highlight the importance of literacy for individuals, communities and society.
• Literacy is seen as the foundation of a well-educated and productive society.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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1. UPPSC SYLLABUS 2023
FOR MORE INFO CALL: 05224241011, 9454721860 Page 1
UPPSC Syllabus 2023 for Pre & Mains
Stage Subjects Marks & No. of Questions
UPPSC PRELIMS
EXAM
PAPER I: GENERAL STUDIES I
200 Marks with 150
Questions
PAPER II: GENERAL STUDIES II
(CSAT)
200 Marks with 100
Questions
UPPSC MAIN EXAM
GENERAL HINDI 150
ESSAY 150
GENERAL STUDIES I 200
GENERAL STUDIES II 200
GENERAL STUDIES III 200
GENERAL STUDIES IV 200
GENERAL STUDIES V 200
GENERAL STUDIES VI 200
UPPSC INTERVIEW Personality Test/Interview 100
UP PCS MAINS SYLLABUS
GENERAL STUDIES-I
1- History of Indian Culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature
and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
2- Modern Indian history (from A.D.1757 to A.D. 1947): Significant events, personalities and
issues, etc.
3- The Freedom Struggle- its various stages and important contributors/contributions
from different parts of the country.
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4- Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country (till 1965A.D.).
5- History of the world will include events from 18 century to middle of the 20 century such as
French revolution of 1789, industrial revolution, World Wars, redraw of
national boundaries, Socialism, Nazism, Fascism etc-their forms and effect on the society.
6- Salient features of Indian Society and culture.
6- Role of Women in society and women's organization, population and associated issues,
poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
7- Meaning of liberalization, privatization and globalization and their effects on
economy, polity and social structure.
8- Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
9- Distribution of major natural resources of World- Water, Soils, Forests in reference
to South and South-East Asia with special reference to India. Factors responsible for
the location of industries (with special reference to India).
10- Salient features of Physical Geography- Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclone,
Ocean Currents, winds and glaciers.
11- Oceanic resources of India and their potential.
12- Human migration-refugee problem of the World with focus on India.
13- Frontiers and boundaries with reference to Indian sub-continent.
14- Population and Settlements- Types and Patterns, Urbanization, Smart Cities and Smart
Villages.
GENERAL STUDIES-II
1- Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features,
amendments, significant provisions and basic structure, Role of Supreme Court in
evolution of basic provisions of Constitution.
2- Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States: issues and
challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up
to local levels and challenges therein.
3- Role of Finance Commission in Centre- State financial relations.
4- Separation of powers, dispute Redressal mechanisms and institutions. Emergence
and use of alternative dispute Redressal mechanisms.
5- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other major
democratic countries.
6- Parliament and State legislatures- structure, functioning, conduct of business,
powers and privileges and concerned issues.
7- Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary:
Ministries and Departments of the Government, Pressure groups and
formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity. Public Interest Litigation
(PIL).
8- Salient features of the Representation of People's Act.
9- Appointment to various Constitutional posts, Powers, functions and their
responsibilities.
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10- Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies including NITI Aayog,
their features and functioning.
11- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and
issues arising out of their design, implementation and Information Communication
Technology (ICT).
12- Development processes- the role of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
Self Help Groups (SHGs), various groups and associations, donors, charities,
institutional and other stakeholders.
13- Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and
States and the performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and
Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
14- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating
to Health, Education, Human Resources.
15- Issues relating to poverty and hunger, their implication on body politic.
16- Important aspects of governance. Transparency and accountability, e-
governance applications, models, successes, limitations and potential, citizens,
charters and institutional measures.
17- Role of Civil Services in a democracy in the context of emerging trends.
18- India and its relationship with neighboring Countries.
19- Bilateral, Regional and Global groupings and agreements involving India and/
or affecting India's interest.
20- Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on
India's interests- Indian diaspora.
21- Important International Institutions, Agencies and their structure, mandate
and functioning.
22- Current affairs and events of Regional, National and International importance.
GENERAL STUDIES-III
1- Economic planning in India, objectives and achievements. Role of NITI Aayog,
Pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's).
2- Issues of Poverty, Unemployment, Social justice and inclusive growth. 3-
Components of Government Budgets and Financial System.
3- Major Crops, Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems, storage, transport
and marketing of agricultural produce, e-technology in the aid of farmers. 5- Issues
related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices,
Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, Limitations, revamping, issues of
buffer stocks and food security, Technology missions in agriculture.
4- 6- Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance,
location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
5- 7- Land reforms in India since independence.
6- 8- Effects of liberalization and globalization on the economy, changes in industrial
policy and their effects on industrial growth.
7- 9- Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
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8- 10- Science and Technology-developments and applications in everyday life and
in National Security, India's Science and Technology policy.
9- 11- Achievements of Indians in science & technology, indigenization of
technology. Developments of New technologies transfer of technology, dual and critical
use technologies.
10- 12- Awareness in the fields of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
and Space Technology, Computers, Energy resources, nano- technology, microbiology,
bio technology. Issues relating to intellectual property rights (IPR) and digital rights.
11- 13- Environmental security and Ecosystems, Conservation of Wild life,
Biodiversity, Environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment.
12- Disaster as a Non-traditional security and safety challenge, disaster mitigation
and management.
13- Challenges of International Security: Issues of Nuclear proliferation, Causes and spread
of extremism, Communication networks, role of media and social networking, Basics of
cyber security, money laundering and human trafficking.
14- India's internal security challenges: Terrorism, corruption, insurgency and
organized crimes.
15- Role, kind and mandate of security forces, higher defence organizations in India
16- Issues in Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and Animal Husbandry.
GENERAL STUDIES-IV
1- Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics
in human action, dimensions of ethics, ethics in private and public relationships.
Human Values-lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers
and administrators, role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating
values.
2- Attitude: Content, structure, function, its influence and relation with thought
and behavior, moral and political attitudes, social influence and persuasion.
3- Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non
partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public services, empathy, tolerance
and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
4- Emotional Intelligence- concept and dimensions, its utility and application
in administration and governance.
5- Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
6- Public/Civil Service values and ethics in Public Administration: status and
problems, ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions, laws,
rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance, accountability and
ethical governance, strengthening of moral values in governance, ethical issues in
international relations and funding, corporate governance.
7- Probity in Governance: concept of public service, philosophical basis of governance and
probity, information sharing and transparency in government. Right to
Information, codes of ethics, codes of conduct, citizen's charter, work culture, quality of
service delivery, utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
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8- Case studies on above issues.
UP SPECIAL (LATEST UPDATED PAPERS 2023)
GENERAL STUDIES- V
1- History, Civilization, Culture and Ancient Cities of UP.
2- Architecture, their significance and maintainability, museum, archive and archaeology of
UP.
3- Contributions of UP in Pre and post 1857 freedom struggles of India.
4- Eminent freedom fighters and personalities of UP.
5- Rural, Urban and Tribal issues: social structure, festivals, fairs, music, folk
dances, literature and languages/dialects, social customs of UP.
6- Political System of UP: Governance, Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of
Ministers, State Assembly and State Council, Center-State Relation.
7- Public Service, Public Service Commission, Auditing, Advocate General, High Court and
its jurisdiction in UP.
8- Special State Selection Criteria, Official Language, Consolidated Fund and Contingency
fund, Political Parties and State Election Commission of UP.
9- Local Self Government: Urban and Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Right related issues
in U P.
10- Good Governance, Eradication of Corruption, Lokayukta, Citizen Charters, E
Governance, Right to Information, Redressal Policy.
11- Land Reforms and its impact in UP.
12- Issues Related to Security in UP.
a. Linkage between development and spread of extremism.
b. Role of External, State and Interstate actors in creating challenges to
internal security through communication networks, media and social networking
sites.
c. Basic rules of cyber security, money- laundering and its prevention
d. Various security forces and agencies and their mandate.
e. Security challenges and their management in border areas, linkage of
organized crimes with terrorism.
13- Law and Order and Civil Defense in UP.
14- Medical and Health issues in UP
15- State Education System of UP.
6. UPPSC SYLLABUS 2023
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16- Contribution of U Pin development of India.
17- Current Affairs of UP.
18- Implementation of Jal Shakti Mission and other central welfare scheme in UP.
19- NGOs in UP: Issues, Contribution and Impact.
20- Tourism in U P: Issues and prospects.
21- Emphasis on Innovation in various fields in UP: Issues and its impact on
employment and socio-economic development of the society.
GENERAL STUDIES- VI
1- Overview of Economy of UP: Main features of economy and State
Budgets, Infrastructure and importance of Physical Resources.
2- Trade, Commerce and industries of UP.
3- UP Government Schemes, Projects and Planned Development for welfare of
People, Human Resources and Skill Development.
4- Investment in U P: Issues and Impact
5- Public Finance and Fiscal Policy, Tax and Economic Reforms, One District One
Product Policy of UP Government.
6- Planning and management of renewable and non-renewable energy resources of UP.
7- Demography, Population and Censuses of UP.
8- Commercialization of agriculture and production of agricultural crops in UP. 9-
UP New Forest Policy.
9- Agro and Social Forestry in U.P
10- Agricultural Diversity, Problems of agriculture and their solutions in UP.
11- Developmental Indices of UP in various fields.
12- Geography of UP: Geographical Location, Relief and Structure, Climate,
Irrigation, Minerals, Drainage System and Vegetation.
13- National Parks and Wild Life Sanctuaries in UP.
14- Transport Network in UP.
15- Power Resources, Infrastructure and Industrial Development of UP.
16- Pollution and Environmental Issues in U P, Pollution Control Board and its functions.
17- Natural Resources of UP- Soil, Water, Air, Forests, Grasslands, Wetlands.
18- Climate Change and Weather Forecasting issues in UP.
19- Habitat and Ecosystem structure and function, adjustment; Flora and Fauna
with reference to UP.
20- Science and Technology: Its issues, advancements and efforts in U P.
21- Aquaculture, Viticulture, Sericulture, Floriculture, Horticulture, Arboric culture in up and
its impact on development of UP.
22- Evolvement of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for development of UP.