The document contains a quiz on Indian Polity with multiple choice questions. It tests knowledge on topics like the Constituent Assembly of India, drafting of the Indian Constitution, sources of inspiration for the Constitution, citizenship provisions, fundamental rights, directive principles, emergency powers, and other features. The document is a study/practice resource for exams on Indian government and politics.
Constitution of India: Union and its Territories, Citizenship and Official La...DVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this webinar is to provide insight into the Constitutional Provisions relating to Union and its territories, Citizenship and Official Language. This webinar is the second from the Webinar series on Constitution. The scope of this webinar is confined to discussing the nature of the Indian State, creation and formation of States, etc. This webinar further throws light on the Constitutional provisions with respect to Citizenship along with a brief overview of the Citizenship Act, 1955. The last part of the Webinar deals with Official Language of the Union and the State read conjointly with the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
The document summarizes some key features of the Indian Constitution. It notes that the Constitution has been amended 104 times as of 2020. It incorporates influences from other constitutions like fundamental rights from the US, parliamentary system from the UK, and emergency provisions from Germany. The Indian Constitution is also considered flexible as it can be amended by a majority vote in both houses of Parliament. It uniquely adopted universal adult suffrage from the beginning. It also superimposes an elected President on the parliamentary system of government.
This document summarizes key aspects of Article 344 of the Indian Constitution related to official languages. It discusses that:
1) Every 10 years, a commission will be appointed by the president consisting of a chairman and members representing languages of the 8th schedule to define procedures.
2) The commission will make recommendations to the president on progressive use of Hindi, restricting English use, languages for union purposes, numerals to use, and other official language matters.
3) In its recommendations, the commission will consider industrial, cultural and scientific advancement as well as interests of non-Hindi speaking areas.
4) A 30-member committee of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha members selected through single transferable vote will
This document summarizes information about the national legislature from Chapter 10. It discusses the reasons for a bicameral legislature established by the Constitution, including historical precedent from the British Parliament and the need for compromise between state plans. It also describes terms of Congress, sessions of Congress, the size and terms of the House and Senate, how representation is apportioned, congressional elections, and qualifications and compensation for members of Congress.
This document provides an overview of Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution. It discusses key aspects of Fundamental Rights like their nature as justiciable rights enforceable in courts. It explains important rights like right to equality (Articles 14-18), right to freedom (Articles 19-22), and right against exploitation (Articles 23-24). It also summarizes the scope and exceptions for rights to equality before law (Article 14), prohibition of discrimination (Article 15), and equality of opportunity in public employment (Article 16). The document outlines the role of Supreme Court in safeguarding Fundamental Rights through judicial review.
This document provides 100 multiple choice questions related to the Indian Constitution for competitive exams. It covers topics like fundamental rights, emergency provisions, financial emergency, privileges of the President and Governors, state governments, Parliament, and parliamentary procedures. The questions test knowledge of the different articles and amendments that relate to these topics under the Constitution.
The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced several reforms with the aim of gradually establishing self-government in India. It established a diarchal provincial government with divided responsibilities between elected ministers and governors. It also introduced a bicameral central legislature with indirect elections. However, communal representation and separate electorates for religious communities were retained and expanded. The Act led to the establishment of the Simon Commission to evaluate its implementation, which Indian political parties boycotted in protest of its all-British composition.
Constitution of India: Union and its Territories, Citizenship and Official La...DVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this webinar is to provide insight into the Constitutional Provisions relating to Union and its territories, Citizenship and Official Language. This webinar is the second from the Webinar series on Constitution. The scope of this webinar is confined to discussing the nature of the Indian State, creation and formation of States, etc. This webinar further throws light on the Constitutional provisions with respect to Citizenship along with a brief overview of the Citizenship Act, 1955. The last part of the Webinar deals with Official Language of the Union and the State read conjointly with the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
The document summarizes some key features of the Indian Constitution. It notes that the Constitution has been amended 104 times as of 2020. It incorporates influences from other constitutions like fundamental rights from the US, parliamentary system from the UK, and emergency provisions from Germany. The Indian Constitution is also considered flexible as it can be amended by a majority vote in both houses of Parliament. It uniquely adopted universal adult suffrage from the beginning. It also superimposes an elected President on the parliamentary system of government.
This document summarizes key aspects of Article 344 of the Indian Constitution related to official languages. It discusses that:
1) Every 10 years, a commission will be appointed by the president consisting of a chairman and members representing languages of the 8th schedule to define procedures.
2) The commission will make recommendations to the president on progressive use of Hindi, restricting English use, languages for union purposes, numerals to use, and other official language matters.
3) In its recommendations, the commission will consider industrial, cultural and scientific advancement as well as interests of non-Hindi speaking areas.
4) A 30-member committee of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha members selected through single transferable vote will
This document summarizes information about the national legislature from Chapter 10. It discusses the reasons for a bicameral legislature established by the Constitution, including historical precedent from the British Parliament and the need for compromise between state plans. It also describes terms of Congress, sessions of Congress, the size and terms of the House and Senate, how representation is apportioned, congressional elections, and qualifications and compensation for members of Congress.
This document provides an overview of Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution. It discusses key aspects of Fundamental Rights like their nature as justiciable rights enforceable in courts. It explains important rights like right to equality (Articles 14-18), right to freedom (Articles 19-22), and right against exploitation (Articles 23-24). It also summarizes the scope and exceptions for rights to equality before law (Article 14), prohibition of discrimination (Article 15), and equality of opportunity in public employment (Article 16). The document outlines the role of Supreme Court in safeguarding Fundamental Rights through judicial review.
This document provides 100 multiple choice questions related to the Indian Constitution for competitive exams. It covers topics like fundamental rights, emergency provisions, financial emergency, privileges of the President and Governors, state governments, Parliament, and parliamentary procedures. The questions test knowledge of the different articles and amendments that relate to these topics under the Constitution.
The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced several reforms with the aim of gradually establishing self-government in India. It established a diarchal provincial government with divided responsibilities between elected ministers and governors. It also introduced a bicameral central legislature with indirect elections. However, communal representation and separate electorates for religious communities were retained and expanded. The Act led to the establishment of the Simon Commission to evaluate its implementation, which Indian political parties boycotted in protest of its all-British composition.
This document discusses citizenship provisions in the Indian Constitution. It outlines the key citizenship acquisition methods at the commencement of the Constitution, including birth within Indian territory, having a parent born in India, or residing in India for at least 5 years. It also discusses citizenship for those who migrated between India and Pakistan. The Citizenship Act of 1955 and its amendments provide further details on acquiring and losing citizenship by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, or territory incorporation. Gaining Indian citizenship provides important constitutional rights and benefits related to non-discrimination, employment, freedoms of speech and movement, minority rights, voting, and eligibility for public offices.
Constitution of india a living documentVaasuGupta5
1) The document outlines the key provisions of the Constitution of India. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic to secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all citizens.
2) It details citizenship rights at the commencement of the Constitution for those born in India or with Indian-born parents/grandparents, and specifies rights for those who migrated from Pakistan.
3) It establishes fundamental rights of equality before law, prohibition of discrimination, equality of opportunity in public employment, abolition of untouchability and titles. The State cannot abridge these rights.
Lecture 2 introduction to indian constitutionamanbishla1
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution including:
1) It outlines the various parts and schedules of the Constitution, noting there are 22 parts and 12 schedules dealing with topics such as fundamental rights, the union and state governments, emergency provisions, and more.
2) It discusses features of the Indian Constitution such as being the world's longest written constitution, borrowing elements from other countries like Britain, the US, and Ireland while being adapted to Indian conditions, and having both rigid and flexible aspects.
3) It examines aspects like whether India has a federal or unitary system, parliamentary vs presidential systems, and the basic structure doctrine established by the Supreme Court to limit parliamentary amendment powers.
The document summarizes the key developments in the constitutional history of India under British rule from 1773 to 1947. It discusses acts and reforms that gradually increased Indian representation and self-governance, such as the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784, Charter Act of 1833, Government of India Acts of 1858, 1909, 1919 and 1935, and finally the India Independence Act of 1947 which ended British rule. It also provides details on the composition and functioning of the Constituent Assembly established in 1946 to draft the Constitution of independent India.
- Article 1 establishes India as a union of states rather than a federation, meaning states do not have the right to secede from the union.
- Article 2 gives Parliament the power to admit new states into the union or establish new states on terms it sees fit. This is how states like Goa were acquired.
- Article 3 allows Parliament to reorganize states by changing boundaries, merging states, or splitting states, but requires Presidential recommendation and consultation with state legislatures. This article means the union can alter states but states cannot alter the union.
The document discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the birth of the Indian constitution. It provides context around the history of British rule in India and the process of independence. The Act established two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan - and ended British paramountcy. It also discussed the constitutional positions of princely states and the formation of the constituent assembly to draft the Indian constitution.
The document discusses provisions in the Indian constitution relating to states and territories of India. It states that India shall be a union of states as specified in the First Schedule. Parliament has the power to admit new states into the union or establish new states on terms and conditions. Parliament may also pass laws to form new states, alter boundaries or areas of existing states, or change the names of states. Any laws passed regarding new states or boundary changes must contain provisions to amend the relevant schedules of the constitution and can include other incidental provisions as deemed necessary by Parliament. Such laws will not be considered an amendment of the constitution under Article 368.
The 1935 Government of India Act introduced several reforms and established the framework for provincial autonomy in British India. Key points of the Act included establishing an All India Federation with a bicameral federal legislature, reorganizing provincial governments under governors, introducing provincial autonomy but governors retained significant power, establishing lists of responsibilities for federal and provincial governments, and increasing the Indian electorate to around 14%. However, the British government still maintained authority to amend the Act.
This document provides an overview and analysis of key aspects of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution. It discusses how the Preamble establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for its citizens. Key points covered include:
- The Preamble was drafted based on the Objective Resolution and reflects the vision of India's founding fathers. It establishes the core philosophy and values of the Constitution.
- Key terms like sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic are analyzed in the context of India's governance system.
- The Preamble aims to secure social, economic and political justice, liberty of thought and worship, equality of status and opportunity
The Government of India Act 1858 made several important changes in the governance of British India. It placed the Company's territories under direct control of the Crown, with the Governor General becoming the direct representative of the Crown and receiving the title of Viceroy. It abolished the Court of Directors and Board of Control, creating a Council in England to assist the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs. The Act also expanded the Governor General's Executive Council and introduced a portfolio system. Subsequent acts like the Indian Councils Act 1861 and the Indian High Courts Act 1861 further reformed the government and judicial systems.
The document discusses the origin of judicial review and provides explanations for multiple choice questions related to the Indian constitution and government. It addresses topics like the origin of judicial review, constitutional amendments related to Panchayati Raj systems, governor's powers, functions of local government bodies, and influences on the Indian constitution.
Polity governance UGC-NET PAPER-1 AS PER NEW UPDATED SYLLABUS DIwakar Rajput
The document provides an overview of the Constitution of India, including:
1. It describes the Constitution as the longest written constitution in the world, outlining its framework and history of development.
2. It summarizes some key features of the Constitution like its federal structure, parliamentary system of government, fundamental rights and duties, and emergency provisions.
3. It explains the structure of the Constitution including its preamble, parts, articles, schedules, and amendments.
The Important Cases in Indian Judiciary like Keshavnanda Bharti, Mathura Rape Case, Vishaka Guide Lines
Relationship between Union Territory and Central govt
PESA Act
Article 19 of the Indian constitution guarantees six fundamental freedoms to citizens of India: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom to reside and settle in any part of India, and freedom to practice any profession. These freedoms are considered natural rights of citizens. The document also outlines Articles 20, 21, and 22 which protect citizens from conviction for offenses, protect life and personal liberty, and protect against arbitrary arrest and detention. Freedom of speech is subject to reasonable restrictions related to security, public order, relations with other countries, decency, contempt of court, defamation, and inciting offenses.
The Maulvi Tamizuddin case challenged the Governor General of Pakistan's dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1954. The Sind Chief Court initially ruled in favor of Maulvi Tamizuddin, invalidating the Governor General's proclamation. However, the Federal Court overturned this decision, holding that the enactments of the Constituent Assembly required the assent of the Governor General. One judge dissented, stating that the Constituent Assembly was a sovereign body that could amend the statutes under which the Governor General functioned.
The Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 were a tool of change that brought electoral reforms including separate electorates for Muslims. This was significant in the history of India's partition, as it gave constitutional recognition to Muslims and allowed them to elect their own representatives. However, tensions grew between Hindus and Muslims over time, as the Congress went back on agreements like the Lucknow Pact and deviated from providing promised political rights to minorities. By 1937, the introduction of provincial elections under separate electorates further solidified Muslim identity and pushed the movement for Pakistan.
This document provides an overview of the core course on Indian Government and Politics for BA Political Science students at the University of Calicut. It outlines the content across 6 modules that will be covered, including a brief introduction to the Indian polity and constitutional development from British rule to independence. Key acts discussed include the Government of India Acts of 1909, 1919, and 1935, as well as the development of the constituent assembly. The summary focuses on the high-level structure and content that students will learn across different historical periods and governmental elements.
General Knowledge for clat 2015 - Sample QuestionsCLAT Preparation
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions related to Indian government and history. The questions cover topics such as the number of Presidents of India since 1950, constitutional provisions related to fundamental rights, the formation of states such as Mizoram and Manipur/Tripura, and electoral bodies for the President of India. Answer options are provided for each question.
This document provides important time limits mentioned in the Indian Constitution. It lists the maximum and minimum ages for various elected positions, the duration of legislative sessions, presidential ordinances, election periods after a vacancy occurs, and more. Key details include the minimum age of 25 years for election to Lok Sabha or state assemblies, a maximum of 6 months for presidential ordinances or president's rule in a state, and time limits of 5-6 years for the terms of various elected bodies and office holders.
This document contains 60 multiple choice questions related to the Constitution of India and Indian polity. The questions cover topics such as the structure of Indian government, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, emergency provisions, constitutional bodies, and federalism. Sample questions include identifying which entity is not mentioned in the Constitution, distinguishing between fundamental and statutory rights, and matching political philosophers to historic events.
This document discusses citizenship provisions in the Indian Constitution. It outlines the key citizenship acquisition methods at the commencement of the Constitution, including birth within Indian territory, having a parent born in India, or residing in India for at least 5 years. It also discusses citizenship for those who migrated between India and Pakistan. The Citizenship Act of 1955 and its amendments provide further details on acquiring and losing citizenship by birth, descent, registration, naturalization, or territory incorporation. Gaining Indian citizenship provides important constitutional rights and benefits related to non-discrimination, employment, freedoms of speech and movement, minority rights, voting, and eligibility for public offices.
Constitution of india a living documentVaasuGupta5
1) The document outlines the key provisions of the Constitution of India. It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic to secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all citizens.
2) It details citizenship rights at the commencement of the Constitution for those born in India or with Indian-born parents/grandparents, and specifies rights for those who migrated from Pakistan.
3) It establishes fundamental rights of equality before law, prohibition of discrimination, equality of opportunity in public employment, abolition of untouchability and titles. The State cannot abridge these rights.
Lecture 2 introduction to indian constitutionamanbishla1
The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution including:
1) It outlines the various parts and schedules of the Constitution, noting there are 22 parts and 12 schedules dealing with topics such as fundamental rights, the union and state governments, emergency provisions, and more.
2) It discusses features of the Indian Constitution such as being the world's longest written constitution, borrowing elements from other countries like Britain, the US, and Ireland while being adapted to Indian conditions, and having both rigid and flexible aspects.
3) It examines aspects like whether India has a federal or unitary system, parliamentary vs presidential systems, and the basic structure doctrine established by the Supreme Court to limit parliamentary amendment powers.
The document summarizes the key developments in the constitutional history of India under British rule from 1773 to 1947. It discusses acts and reforms that gradually increased Indian representation and self-governance, such as the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784, Charter Act of 1833, Government of India Acts of 1858, 1909, 1919 and 1935, and finally the India Independence Act of 1947 which ended British rule. It also provides details on the composition and functioning of the Constituent Assembly established in 1946 to draft the Constitution of independent India.
- Article 1 establishes India as a union of states rather than a federation, meaning states do not have the right to secede from the union.
- Article 2 gives Parliament the power to admit new states into the union or establish new states on terms it sees fit. This is how states like Goa were acquired.
- Article 3 allows Parliament to reorganize states by changing boundaries, merging states, or splitting states, but requires Presidential recommendation and consultation with state legislatures. This article means the union can alter states but states cannot alter the union.
The document discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the birth of the Indian constitution. It provides context around the history of British rule in India and the process of independence. The Act established two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan - and ended British paramountcy. It also discussed the constitutional positions of princely states and the formation of the constituent assembly to draft the Indian constitution.
The document discusses provisions in the Indian constitution relating to states and territories of India. It states that India shall be a union of states as specified in the First Schedule. Parliament has the power to admit new states into the union or establish new states on terms and conditions. Parliament may also pass laws to form new states, alter boundaries or areas of existing states, or change the names of states. Any laws passed regarding new states or boundary changes must contain provisions to amend the relevant schedules of the constitution and can include other incidental provisions as deemed necessary by Parliament. Such laws will not be considered an amendment of the constitution under Article 368.
The 1935 Government of India Act introduced several reforms and established the framework for provincial autonomy in British India. Key points of the Act included establishing an All India Federation with a bicameral federal legislature, reorganizing provincial governments under governors, introducing provincial autonomy but governors retained significant power, establishing lists of responsibilities for federal and provincial governments, and increasing the Indian electorate to around 14%. However, the British government still maintained authority to amend the Act.
This document provides an overview and analysis of key aspects of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution. It discusses how the Preamble establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for its citizens. Key points covered include:
- The Preamble was drafted based on the Objective Resolution and reflects the vision of India's founding fathers. It establishes the core philosophy and values of the Constitution.
- Key terms like sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic are analyzed in the context of India's governance system.
- The Preamble aims to secure social, economic and political justice, liberty of thought and worship, equality of status and opportunity
The Government of India Act 1858 made several important changes in the governance of British India. It placed the Company's territories under direct control of the Crown, with the Governor General becoming the direct representative of the Crown and receiving the title of Viceroy. It abolished the Court of Directors and Board of Control, creating a Council in England to assist the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs. The Act also expanded the Governor General's Executive Council and introduced a portfolio system. Subsequent acts like the Indian Councils Act 1861 and the Indian High Courts Act 1861 further reformed the government and judicial systems.
The document discusses the origin of judicial review and provides explanations for multiple choice questions related to the Indian constitution and government. It addresses topics like the origin of judicial review, constitutional amendments related to Panchayati Raj systems, governor's powers, functions of local government bodies, and influences on the Indian constitution.
Polity governance UGC-NET PAPER-1 AS PER NEW UPDATED SYLLABUS DIwakar Rajput
The document provides an overview of the Constitution of India, including:
1. It describes the Constitution as the longest written constitution in the world, outlining its framework and history of development.
2. It summarizes some key features of the Constitution like its federal structure, parliamentary system of government, fundamental rights and duties, and emergency provisions.
3. It explains the structure of the Constitution including its preamble, parts, articles, schedules, and amendments.
The Important Cases in Indian Judiciary like Keshavnanda Bharti, Mathura Rape Case, Vishaka Guide Lines
Relationship between Union Territory and Central govt
PESA Act
Article 19 of the Indian constitution guarantees six fundamental freedoms to citizens of India: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom to reside and settle in any part of India, and freedom to practice any profession. These freedoms are considered natural rights of citizens. The document also outlines Articles 20, 21, and 22 which protect citizens from conviction for offenses, protect life and personal liberty, and protect against arbitrary arrest and detention. Freedom of speech is subject to reasonable restrictions related to security, public order, relations with other countries, decency, contempt of court, defamation, and inciting offenses.
The Maulvi Tamizuddin case challenged the Governor General of Pakistan's dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in 1954. The Sind Chief Court initially ruled in favor of Maulvi Tamizuddin, invalidating the Governor General's proclamation. However, the Federal Court overturned this decision, holding that the enactments of the Constituent Assembly required the assent of the Governor General. One judge dissented, stating that the Constituent Assembly was a sovereign body that could amend the statutes under which the Governor General functioned.
The Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 were a tool of change that brought electoral reforms including separate electorates for Muslims. This was significant in the history of India's partition, as it gave constitutional recognition to Muslims and allowed them to elect their own representatives. However, tensions grew between Hindus and Muslims over time, as the Congress went back on agreements like the Lucknow Pact and deviated from providing promised political rights to minorities. By 1937, the introduction of provincial elections under separate electorates further solidified Muslim identity and pushed the movement for Pakistan.
This document provides an overview of the core course on Indian Government and Politics for BA Political Science students at the University of Calicut. It outlines the content across 6 modules that will be covered, including a brief introduction to the Indian polity and constitutional development from British rule to independence. Key acts discussed include the Government of India Acts of 1909, 1919, and 1935, as well as the development of the constituent assembly. The summary focuses on the high-level structure and content that students will learn across different historical periods and governmental elements.
General Knowledge for clat 2015 - Sample QuestionsCLAT Preparation
The document contains 10 multiple choice questions related to Indian government and history. The questions cover topics such as the number of Presidents of India since 1950, constitutional provisions related to fundamental rights, the formation of states such as Mizoram and Manipur/Tripura, and electoral bodies for the President of India. Answer options are provided for each question.
This document provides important time limits mentioned in the Indian Constitution. It lists the maximum and minimum ages for various elected positions, the duration of legislative sessions, presidential ordinances, election periods after a vacancy occurs, and more. Key details include the minimum age of 25 years for election to Lok Sabha or state assemblies, a maximum of 6 months for presidential ordinances or president's rule in a state, and time limits of 5-6 years for the terms of various elected bodies and office holders.
This document contains 60 multiple choice questions related to the Constitution of India and Indian polity. The questions cover topics such as the structure of Indian government, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, emergency provisions, constitutional bodies, and federalism. Sample questions include identifying which entity is not mentioned in the Constitution, distinguishing between fundamental and statutory rights, and matching political philosophers to historic events.
The document is the response from the Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs of India to an unstarred question in the Lok Sabha regarding the rehabilitation of Rohingya Muslims in India. The key points are:
1) The government views illegal migrants, including Rohingyas, as a threat to national security due to some reports of Rohingyas engaging in illegal activities.
2) India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and all foreign nationals, including refugees, are governed by Indian laws regarding foreigners.
3) While India has signed the UN Convention Against Torture and acceded to the ICCPR, it has not ratified the Convention Against Tort
The document is the response from the Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs of India to an unstarred question in the Lok Sabha regarding the rehabilitation of Rohingya Muslims in India. The key points are:
1) The government views illegal migrants, including Rohingyas, as a threat to national security due to some reports of Rohingyas engaging in illegal activities.
2) India is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and all foreign nationals, including refugees, are governed by Indian laws regarding foreigners.
3) While India has signed the UN Convention Against Torture and acceded to the ICCPR, it has not ratified the Convention Against Tort
The document discusses the evolution of the Indian constitution under British rule and through the Constituent Assembly. It covers British-era acts that established frameworks for governing India. It then focuses on the workings of the Constituent Assembly, which was composed of elected representatives and worked for around 3 years to draft the final constitution of independent India. Key aspects covered include the Assembly's composition, drafting process, debates and adoption of the final document on November 26, 1949 that established India as a sovereign democratic republic.
This document discusses citizenship under the Indian Constitution. It defines citizenship as enjoying full civil and political rights, with citizens and aliens as the two classes. Only citizens are entitled to certain fundamental rights and can hold certain public offices. The Constitution provides for who became citizens at the commencement of India, and Parliament later passed the Citizenship Act of 1955 to provide rules for acquiring and terminating citizenship. Citizenship by domicile under Article 5 requires domicile in India's territory at the commencement of the Constitution, along with either birth, parental birth, or 5 years ordinary residence in India. Domicile requires indefinite residence with a permanent intention to reside.
This document contains a 35 question multiple choice test on Indian law. The questions cover topics in constitutional law, criminal law, contract law and torts. They address issues like constitutional amendments, fundamental rights, parliamentary structure, judicial appointments and powers, criminal defenses and liability, contract formation and validity, and principles of negligence and defamation in torts.
The document summarizes key aspects of the origins and structure of the Indian Constitution:
- It was drafted between 1946-1949 after independence from Britain and the partition that created India and Pakistan. The constitution came into effect in 1950.
- It establishes a parliamentary system of government with a bicameral legislature. It also guarantees fundamental rights and directives for social justice and economic development.
- The constitution can be amended through parliamentary processes, but the Supreme Court has established the "basic structure doctrine" that limits amendments from destroying essential constitutional elements like democracy, secularism, and federalism.
This is a careful study done, not to deceive anyone, but to bring out the facts and educate the common man about it. Whatever be your political inclination, these facts can be either taken or rejected, as pleasing ones beliefs. They do not stand to alter, the facts which I have learnt through this study. Surely, some political class in the country, has chosen to take full use of the uninterested and biased, the appeased and the leftists, to create a false rhetoric, that CAA stands to expel a perticular community from India and is anti-community for them.
This document contains 89 multiple choice questions related to the Indian constitution. The questions cover topics such as the date of commencement of the Indian constitution, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles of state policy, the structure and functioning of parliament, and other key aspects of the Indian democratic system as established by the constitution.
This document contains a political science lesson on various topics related to the Indian constitution and government. It includes 15 multiple choice questions with explanations on subjects like the Prime Minister's role, state legislatures, human rights, and political parties. The questions are from an online resource for political science exam preparation.
Fundamental right is the key factor of Indian constitution. Part III of the constitution deals with fundamental rights of the inhabitants and citizens of India. The part consists of 21 articles article2, article 12 to 32. A democracy aims at the maximum development of the individuals personality, and the personality of the individual is inspeciably bound with the literacy – largely saying the fundamental rights. The common device that is adopted by most of them is to incorporate the list of fundamental rights in their constitutions and guarantees them from violation by the executive and legislature authorities. Dr. Ranjana Garg "Fundamental Rights: The Indian Nature" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45028.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45028/fundamental-rights-the-indian-nature/dr-ranjana-garg
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about principles of democracy, the structure of the Indian government, key provisions and articles of the Indian Constitution, and important historical facts related to independent India. The questions cover topics like the basic principles of democracy, federalism, separation of powers, key leadership positions in India (first President, Chief Justice, etc.), fundamental rights, directive principles, and emergency provisions. The answers to each question are also provided.
Ch 4 Basic Features of the Indian ConstitutionTeena9
This document provides an overview of the basic features of the Constitution of India. It begins by defining what a constitution is and explaining why constitutions are needed. It then discusses the history of India's constitution, including the Government of India Act of 1935 and the Indian Independence Act of 1947. The key events in the framing of India's constitution between 1946 and 1950 are summarized. Finally, the document outlines some of the salient features of the Indian constitution, including that it is the longest in the world, its preamble, fundamental rights, and definition as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
This document appears to be a quiz taken by a student named Anamika Priya in 9th grade on August 16, 2019 about the Constitution of India. It consists of multiple choice questions about various topics related to the drafting and contents of the Indian Constitution such as the constituent assembly elections, members of the constituent assembly, key figures like Nehru and Prasad, fundamental rights, constitutional amendments, and more. The student's answers are also provided.
The document outlines some key provisions in Part I of the Constitution of India regarding the territory of India and establishment of new states. It specifies that India shall be a union of states, lists the current states and territories in the First Schedule, and allows Parliament to admit new states or alter existing states by law. It also provides that any such law shall include amendments to relevant Schedules and may contain supplemental provisions regarding representation in Parliament.
Impact and its Aftermath of 18th Amend..pptx4rf5v8w8fb
The document discusses the changes brought about by the 18th Amendment to the Pakistani constitution regarding federalism. It analyzes the consequences of removing the Concurrent Legislative List and transferring several areas like criminal law, civil law, and arbitration to provincial control. This has shifted powers away from the central government towards the provinces, but without putting in place strong checks and balances. It questions whether this has moved Pakistan towards a more confederal system or abolished central powers without proper safeguards. The document also examines the role of the Council of Common Interests in overseeing certain matters between the federal and provincial governments.
Explore the dynamic world of ocean water and currents with this engaging PPT lesson by IAS Next. Dive deep into the intricate mechanisms governing ocean currents, their impact on climate, marine life, and more. Gain insights into the significance of understanding oceanic processes for various competitive exams, including IAS. This comprehensive presentation combines visuals and informative content to make learning about oceanography both educational and enjoyable.
The document summarizes the Target Mains Enrichment Programme (TMEP) offered by IAS NEXT for UPSC civil services exam preparation. The key aspects of the programme include:
1. 49 tests total, including 41 sectional tests of 10 questions each covering the entire syllabus, and 8 full syllabus tests.
2. Detailed model answers and solutions for each test provided by experienced mentors and evaluators.
3. Personalized mentorship support available both online and offline through email, phone calls or online meetings to provide feedback on tests and help with improvement.
4. Timely evaluation of test papers and constructive feedback on content, structure and presentation to help maximize scores over
UPSC Current affairs 04-09-2023 (Hindi).docxDEEPAK CHAUHAN
‘एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0’ कार्यक्रम
भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण (एएसआई) 4 सितंबर, 2023 को भारत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत को संरक्षित करने के लिए "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0 प्रोग्राम," भारतीय विरासत ऐप और ई-अनुमति पोर्टल लॉन्च करेगा।
खबर का अवलोकन
• भारतीय पुरातत्व सर्वेक्षण (एएसआई) पूरे भारत में 3696 स्मारकों की सुरक्षा करता है, जो देश की समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक विरासत को प्रदर्शित करता है और इसके आर्थिक विकास में योगदान देता है।
• एएसआई का लक्ष्य 4 सितंबर, 2023 को समवेत ऑडिटोरियम, आईजीएनसीए, नई दिल्ली में "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0" कार्यक्रम शुरू करके इन विरासत स्थलों को बढ़ाना और बनाए रखना है। यह संशोधित कार्यक्रम कॉर्पोरेट हितधारकों को इन स्मारकों पर सुविधाएं बढ़ाने के लिए अपने सीएसआर फंड का उपयोग करने के लिए आमंत्रित करता है।
कार्यक्रम अवलोकन:
• एएसआई का "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0" कार्यक्रम 2017 में शुरू की गई एक योजना का एक पुनर्कल्पित संस्करण है।
• यह एएमएएसआर अधिनियम 1958 के अनुसार विभिन्न स्मारकों के लिए आवश्यक विशिष्ट सुविधाओं को स्पष्ट रूप से रेखांकित करता है।
• कॉर्पोरेट हितधारक एक समर्पित वेब पोर्टल: www. Indianheritage.gov.in के माध्यम से किसी स्मारक या विशिष्ट सुविधाओं को अपनाने के लिए आवेदन कर सकते हैं।
• पोर्टल गोद लेने के लिए उपलब्ध स्मारकों, अंतराल विश्लेषण और अनुमानित वित्तीय आवश्यकताओं के बारे में विवरण प्रदान करता है।
सांस्कृतिक विरासत का महत्व:
• केंद्रीय संस्कृति, पर्यटन और पूर्वोत्तर क्षेत्र विकास मंत्री जी किशन रेड्डी ने भारत की पहचान को आकार देने में सांस्कृतिक विरासत के महत्व पर जोर दिया।
• विरासत स्मारक सिर्फ संरचनाएं नहीं हैं; वे भारत के इतिहास, कला और वास्तुकला का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं।
• "एडॉप्ट ए हेरिटेज 2.0" कार्यक्रम कॉर्पोरेट हितधारकों को भविष्य की पीढ़ियों के लिए इन स्मारकों को संरक्षित करने में भाग लेने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है।
चयन प्रक्रिया:
• चयन प्रक्रिया में उचित परिश्रम, विभिन्न हितधारकों के साथ चर्चा और प्रत्येक स्मारक पर आर्थिक और विकासात्मक अवसरों का आकलन शामिल है।
• चयनित हितधारक स्वच्छता, पहुंच, सुरक्षा और ज्ञान से संबंधित सुविधाएं विकसित करने, प्रदान करने और बनाए रखने के लिए जिम्मेदार होंगे।
• विरासत स्थलों को अपनाने वाले हितधारकों को जिम्मेदार और विरासत-अनुकूल संस्थाओं के रूप में मान्यता मिलेगी।
• नियुक्ति की प्रारंभिक अवधि पांच वर्ष होगी, जिसे अगले पांच वर्षों के लिए बढ़ाए जाने की संभावना है।
भारतीय विरासत मोबाइल ऐप:
• एएसआई 4 सितंबर, 2023 को "इंडियन हेरिटेज" नामक एक उपयोगकर्ता-अनुकूल मोबाइल ऐप लॉन्च करेगा।
• ऐप भारत के विरासत स्मारकों को प्रदर्शित करेगा, जिसमें राज्य-वार विवरण, तस्वीरें, उपलब्ध सार्वजनिक सुविधाओं की सूची, भू-टैग किए गए स्थान और नागरिकों के लिए एक फीडबैक तंत्र शामिल होगा।
• ऐप का लॉन्च चरणों में होगा, जिसकी शुरुआत चरण I में टिकट वाले स्मारकों से होगी, उसके बाद शेष स्मारकों से होगी।
ई-अनुमति पोर्टल:
• एक ई-अनुमति पोर्टल भी लॉन्च किया जाएगा, जो www.asipermissionportal.gov.in पर उपलब्ध होगा।
• यह पोर्टल स्मारकों पर फोटोग्राफी, फिल्मांकन और विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए अनुमति प्राप्त करने की प्रक्रिया को सुव्यवस्थित करता है।
• इसका उद्देश्य विभिन्न अनुमतियाँ प्राप्त करने से जुड़ी परिचालन और लॉजिस्टिक बाधाओं को दूर करना है।
आदित्य-एल1
2 सितंबर 2023 को भारत का पहला सौर वेधशाला मिशन, आदित्य-एल1, श्रीहरिकोटा अंतरिक्ष केंद्र से सफलतापूर्वक लॉन्च किया गया।
खबर का अवलोकन
• सूर्य का अध्ययन करने के लिए 125 दिन की यात्रा पर निकलते हुए, मिशन ठीक सुबह 11:50 बजे रवाना हुआ।
• PSLV C57, विस्तारित स्ट्रैप-ऑन मोटर्स और उच्च ईंधन क्षमता वाला एक XL संस्करण, इस मिशन के लिए उपयोग किया गया ।
• सभी उड़ान पैरामीटर सामान्य थे, जिससे मिशन की सुरक्षित शुरुआत सुनिश्चित हुई।
• आदित्य एल1 चार महीनों में लैग्रेंज 1 बिंदु तक पहुंच जाएगा, जहां अद्वितीय गुरुत्वाकर्षण बल काम कर रहे हैं।
आदित्य एल1 मिशन के लक्ष्य और दायरा
• आदित्य एल1 मिशन का प्राथमिक उद्देश्य सौर हवाओं और सूर्य के वातावरण का व्यापक अध्ययन करना है।
• उपग्रह सात अलग-अलग पेलोड ले गया है जिसका कार्य सूर्य की विभिन्न परतों का अवलोकन करना है, जिसमें प्रकाशमंडल, क्रोमोस्फीयर और सबसे बाहरी कोरोना शामिल हैं।
• मिशन का उद्देश्य कई सौर घटनाओं, जैसे कोरोनल हीटिंग, कोरोनल मास इजेक्शन (सीएमई), प्री-फ्लेयर और फ्लेयर गतिविधियों के साथ-साथ सौर मौसम की गतिशीलता के बारे में हमारी समझ को बढ़ाना है।
• इसके अतिरिक्त, मिशन अंतरग्रहीय माध्यम के भीतर कण और क्षेत्र प्रसार की जांच में योगदान देगा।
World Health Organization (WHO) has recently released the outcome document of first WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023 in form of “Gujarat Declaration”.
Traditional Medicine summit
• Organized by - World Health Organization (WHO).
• Co-hosted by - Ministry of AYUSH.
• Venue - Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• India is the host of WHO-GCTM (Global Centre for Traditional Medicine) as India holds the presidency of the G20 in 2023.
• India will scale up WHO’s capacities to support member states and take forward the summit action agenda.
Gujarat declaration
• Aim - It reaffirms global commitment and harness potential of traditional medicine to achieve health and well-being for all.
• It will serve as a catalyst to harness the potential of traditional medicine through the lens of science and integrate the traditional medicines in national health systems.
• Gujarat declaration talks about scaling up efforts to further implement:
o Evidence-based TCIM (Traditional complimentary integrative medicine) interventions,
o Approaches in support of the goal of universal health coverage (UHC) and
o All health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
'Adopt a Heritage 2.0' program
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) will launch the "Adopt a Heritage 2.0 Programme," the Indian Heritage App and e-permission portal on September 4, 2023, to preserve India's cultural heritage.
An Overview of the News
• ASI protects 3696 monuments across India, which showcase the country's rich cultural heritage and contribute to its economic development.
• ASI aims to enhance and maintain these heritage sites by launching the "Adopt a Heritage 2.0" program on 4th September 2023 at Samvet Auditorium, IGNCA, New Delhi. The revised program invites corporate stakeholders to use their CSR funds to enhance facilities at these monuments.
Program Overview:
• ASI's "Adopt a Heritage 2.0" program is a reimagined version of a scheme launched in 2017.
• It clearly outlines the specific features required for various monuments as per the AMASR Act 1958.
• Corporate Stakeholders A dedicated web portal: www. One can apply for the adoption of any monument or specific features through Indianheritage.gov.in.
• The portal provides details about monuments available for adoption, gap analysis and estimated financial requirements.
Importance of Cultural Heritage:
• Union Minister for Culture, Tourism and Development of North Eastern Region G Kishan Reddy emphasized the importance of cultural heritage in shaping India's identity.
• Heritage monuments are not just structures; They represent the history, art and architecture of India.
• The "Adopt a Heritage 2.0" program encourages corporate stakeholders to participate in preserving these monuments for future generations.
Selection Process:
• The selection process involves due diligence, discussions with various stakeholders, and assessment of economic and developmental opportunities at each monument.
• The selected stakeholders will be responsible for developing, providing, and maintaining facilities related to cleanliness, access, safety, and knowledge.
• Stakeholders adopting heritage sites will be recognized as responsible and heritage-friendly entities.
• The initial term of appointment will be five years, which is likely to be extended for another five years.
Indian Heritage Mobile App:
• ASI will launch a user-friendly mobile app called "Indian Heritage" on September 4, 2023.
• The app will showcase India's heritage monuments, including state-wise descriptions, photographs, a list of public facilities available, geo-tagged locations, and a feedback mechanism for citizens.
• The launch of the app will be in phases, starting with ticketed monuments in Phase I, followed by the rest of the monuments.
E-Permission Portal:
• An e-permission portal will also be launched, which will be available at www.asipermissionportal.gov.in.
• The portal streamlines the process of obtaining permission for photography, filming, and developmental projects at monuments.
• It aims to remove the operational and logistical hassles associated with obtaining various permissions.
Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)
The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) issued an order against M/s IQRA IAS Institute, to discontinue the false testimonials and misleading claims from their website with immediate effect recently.
Background:-
• The issue came to the notice of CCPA through the website of IQRA IAS Institute established in 2018 deliberately and falsely claimed through the testimonials of top-rank holders of UPSC CSE in 2015 & 2017 as their students which is factually deceiving.
• Therefore, CCPA took Suo-moto cognizance and found that along with the aforesaid false claim the institute claimed itself as the only coaching academy to have the best faculty from all around India for providing the best UPSC online prelims test series 2020, thus making it the top UPSC coaching within a year in Pune.
• Accordingly, the notice was issued to IQRA IAS Institute in view of the violation of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Consumer Protection Act, 2019:-
• Definition of consumer: The act defines a consumer as a person who buys any good or avails a service for consideration.
• Exclusion: It does not include a person who obtains a good for resale or a good or service for commercial purposes.
• It covers transactions through all modes including offline, and online through electronic means, teleshopping, multi-level marketing, or direct selling.
• Definition of misleading advertisement: The Act defines “misleading advertisement” in relation to any product or service as “an advertisement, which:-
• Falsely describes such product or service.
• Gives, a false guarantee to, or is likely to mislead the consumers as to the nature, substance, quantity, or quality of such product or service.
• Conveys an express or implied representation which, if made by the manufacturer or seller or service provider thereof, would constitute an unfair trade practice.
• Deliberately conceals important information.
Rights of consumers:-
• Six consumer rights have been defined in the Act, including:-
• Right to safety, right to be Informed, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal, and right to consumer education.
About Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA):-
• Establishment: 2020.
• Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs.
• HQ: Delhi.
• Objective: To protect the rights of the consumer by cracking down on unfair trade practices, and false and misleading advertisements that are detrimental to the interests of the public and consumers.
• The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) is an authority constituted under Section 10(1) of The Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Composition:-
• Head: Chief Commissioner
• Members: two other commissioners as members.
o One of these will deal with matters relating to goods while the other will look into cases relating to services.
• Investigation Wing: The CCPA will have an Investigation Wing, headed by a Director General.
6th Rashtriya Poshan Maah
The sixth Rashtriya Poshan Maah will be celebrated by the Ministry of Women and Child Development throughout September 2023.
An Overview of the News
• The focus of the Rashtriya Poshan Maah initiative is to
comprehensively address malnutrition using a life-cycle approach in sync with Mission Nutrition 2.0.
• POSHAN (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition) campaign, the flagship initiative of the Government of India, was launched to tackle malnutrition.
• It targets pregnant women, lactating mothers, teenage girls and children below 6 years of age.
• During the period of the 15th Finance Commission, it was combined with other schemes to strengthen nutrition assistance.
The theme of Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2023:
• The theme of Poshan Maah 2023 is “Suposhit Bharat, Sakshar Bharat, Sashakt Bharat” (Nutrition-rich India, Educated India, Empowered India).
Activities and Initiatives:
• Various activities and initiatives have been planned during Poshan Maah, including special breastfeeding and complementary feeding campaigns.
• Healthy Child Competition aims to promote healthy competition for nutrition and overall well-being.
• Other initiatives include combining nutrition and education (Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi), promoting lifestyle changes for better nutrition (Mission Life), tribal-centric sensitization, and addressing anemia through testing and treatment.
Jan Andolan movement:
• The Jan Andolan movement under Poshan Maah serves as a platform for a united celebration, emphasizing the country's journey to independence and progress.
• This also includes the 'Meri Maati Mera Desh' campaign.
Role of Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0:
• The objective of encouraging nutrition-seeking behavior is continued through Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0.
A vision of a well-nourished India:
• Poshan Maah 2023 aims to engage communities at large, including Gram Panchayats and urban local bodies, to fulfill the vision of a well-nourished India envisioned by the Honorable Prime Minister during the Amrit Kaal.
LIGO-India Project
As per recent reports, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory project (LIGO)-India, is the next focus of Indian scientists after the Chandrayaan and Aditya missions.
Background:-
• Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory project (LIGO) observatory.
About Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory project (LIGO)-India:-
• Location: Hingoli district of Maharashtra, India.
• Built by: the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology with an MoU with the U.S. National Science Foundation.
• The LIGO-India Project aims to detect gravitational waves from the universe.
o Gravitational waves: They were first postulated (1916) in Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity.
o These waves are produced by the movement of massive celestial bodies, such as black holes or neutron stars
o They are the ripples in spacetime that propagate outward.
• Four comparable detectors will be operating simultaneously around the globe to localize a source of gravitational waves anywhere in the sky.
• LIGO-India will be the third of its kind in the world.
• It is made to the exact specifications of the twin LIGO, in Louisiana (first) and Washington (second) in the U.S.
• The fourth detector will be in Kagra, Japan.
o LIGO: an international network of laboratories that detect gravitational waves.
o The LIGO in the US first detected gravitational waves in 2015, which led to a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2017.
Significance:-
• It will bring India into a prestigious international scientific experiment.
• It will bring advances in astronomy, astrophysics, and cutting-edge technology.
How Dry are India’s Reservoirs?
According to the Central Water Commission (CWC), the live storage in the 150 reservoirs was 113.417 billion cubic meters (BCM) as of 31st August, 2023, which was 63% of their total live storage capacity.
The water levels in the reservoirs varied across different regions and river basins. The southern region, which had a rainfall deficiency of 60% in August, had the lowest storage level of 49% of its combined capacity.
The eastern region, which received normal rainfall, had the highest storage level of 82% of its combined capacity.
African Union (AU):-
• The African Union (AU) is a continental union of 55 member states in Africa.
• The AU was officially launched on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa.
• Its main purpose was to replace the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which began on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa and was dissolved on 9 July 2002.
• The Assembly of the African Union, a semi-annual meeting of heads of state and government of member states, makes the most important decisions within the AU.
• Chairman - Azali Assoumani
• Chairman of the Commission - Moussa Faki
• Parliamentary Speaker - Fortune Jade Charumbira
• The inaugural Africa Climate Summit (ACS23) in Nairobi culminated in the ‘Nairobi
Declaration’, giving the continent a common voice ahead of upcoming key global engagements.
• The declaration has a raft of recommendations, pledges, and demands believed to have boosted Africa’s bargaining power on international platforms.
• The Nairobi summit largely focused on calls to unlock investment in clean energy.
About Africa Climate Summit 2023:-
• Date: 4th to 6th September 2023.
• Venue: Nairobi, Kenya (Africa)
• Objective: to address the increasing exposure to climate change and its associated costs, both globally and particularly in Africa.
• At the Africa Climate Summit, leaders made ambitious pledges and commitments.
• A comprehensive “Pledging and Commitment Framework” was developed to guide these actions.
Significance of Africa Climate Summit 2023:-
• Despite having a small carbon footprint, Africa disproportionately bears the human toll of climate change
• The Summit will highlight the urgent need for regional and global action.
• The outcomes of the summit are critical for the African continent to arrive at a consensus and mobilize action in the upcoming 28th Conference of Parties (COP28).
• COP28 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: is to be hosted in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
What is Deforestation?
Deforestation is the process of clearing or removing a large area of forests or trees, typically due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, urban development, or infrastructure expansion.
What is Forest Restoration?
Forest restoration involves the deliberate and planned process of restoring and regenerating forests that have been degraded, damaged, or lost due to various human activities or natural causes. This process aims to return a forest ecosystem to a healthier and more natural state, often involving tree planting, habitat restoration, and sustainable management practices to improve biodiversity, ecosystem services, and overall forest health.
India’s Pledge:
India aims to restore 21 million hectares of forest by 2030 through the Bonn Challenge. In 2018, a report by the government and the IUCN indicated 10 million hectares were under restoration. India’s national forest policy targets 33% tree coverage.
Status of forest restoration:
• According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), deforestation and forest degradation contribute to around 12% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
• 30% of forestland is degraded in India. The total area occupied by primary forests in India has decreased by 6%.
Current Approach to Restoration:
The current global focus on tree planting has often led to the rapid establishment of fast-growing tree plantations e.g. Miyawaki Method; fast-growing single species like eucalyptus or bamboo to quickly increase tree cover. This approach can yield quick results but also poses risks, including invasive species and land dispossession.
India’s Tree Planting Experiments:
India has conducted tree planting experiments for over 200 years, offering valuable lessons about different approaches to forest restoration and their consequences on local communities and the environment.
The document discusses International Literacy Day which is celebrated annually on September 8th. It aims to promote literacy for building peaceful societies. The 2023 theme focuses on promoting literacy in a changing world. It also discusses India-South Korea relations and their growing strategic partnership. The recent Camp David summit provided an opportunity to further enhance cooperation in areas like trade, defense, and regional security issues. The document further explains the concept of the "impossible trinity" that India is facing in maintaining an independent monetary policy along with a fixed exchange rate and free capital flows. It highlights some of the challenges and strategies to address this situation.
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases vacancies for All India Services Post every year. UPSC syllabus is based on the latest notification We will provide you with the latest UPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC) had changed the PCS Exam Pattern from UPPSC Prelims 2018 onward. UPPSC syllabus is based on the new PCS exam pattern. We will provide you with the latest UPPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
1. The document provides the syllabus for the UPPSC Mains exam covering 6 sections - General Studies I-IV, UP Special, and General Studies V-VI.
2. General Studies I-IV cover topics on Indian history, culture, geography, polity, international relations, security, economic development, biodiversity, environment, etc.
3. The UP Special section focuses on topics specifically related to Uttar Pradesh including its history, culture, freedom movement, public services, local self-government, security issues, and current affairs.
4. General Studies V-VI cover additional topics on Uttar Pradesh including its economy, infrastructure, agriculture, forests, resources, science &
Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC) had changed the PCS Exam Pattern from UPPSC Prelims 2018 onward. UPPSC syllabus is based on the new PCS exam pattern. We will provide you with the latest UPPSC syllabus and exam pattern for Prelims and Mains 2023.
The document appears to be class notes from Anshul Mishra, who achieved rank 59 on the IAS exam. The notes are divided into multiple pages and cover various topics, but no other contextual information is provided about the specific content or themes of the class material.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Indian polity
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1. The Cabinet Mission to India was headed by :
(a) Stafford Cripps
(b) A.V. Alexander
(c) Lord Pethick Lawrence
(d) Hugh Gaitskell
2. The Constituent Assembly for undivided India
first met on
(a) 6th December, 1946 (b) 9th December, 1946
(c) 20th February, 1947 (d) 3rd June, 1947
3. When the Constituent Assembly for the
Dominion of India reassembled on 31st
October,
1947, its reduced membership was:
(a) 299 (b) 311
(c) 319 (d) 331
4. How long did the Constituent Assembly take to
finally pass the Constitution?
(a) about 6 months in 1949
(b) exactly a year since Nov 26, 1948
(c) about 2 years since Aug 15, 1947
(d) about 3 years since Dec 9, 1946
5. Who presided over the inaugural meeting of the
Constituent Assembly of India?
(a) Sachidananda Sinha (b) B. R. Ambedkar
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (d) P. Upendra
6. The Constitution of India was enacted by a
Constituent Assembly set up :
(a) under the Indian Independence Act, 1947
(b) under the Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946
(c) through a resolution of the provisional
government
(d) by the Indian National Congress
7. Who among the following was the Chairman of
the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Rajendra Prasad (b) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(c) C. Rajagopalachari (d) B. R. Ambedkar
8. Match the following:
Constitutional Provisions Sources
A. Federation 1. USA
B. Parliamentary 2. Britain
C. Directive Principle 3. Canada
D. Fundamental Rights 4. Ireland
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 1
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 3 2 4 1
9. Which of the following features and their source
is wrongly matched?
(a) Judicial review – British practice
(b) Concurrent List – Australian Constitution
(c) Directive Principles – Irish Constitution
(d) Fundamental Rights – US Constitution
10. Which Constitution has inspired the Indian
concepts of rule of law, parliamentary system and
law-making procedure?
(a) US Constitution (b) British Constitution
(c) Canadian Constitution (d) All of the above
11. Which of the following emerges clearly from
the Preamble?
1. When the Constitution was enacted.
2. The ideals that were to be achieved.
3. The system of government
4. The source of authority
(a) II, III and IV (b) I and II
(c) I, II and III (d) I, II, III and IV
12. Which one of the following statements
regarding the Preamble is correct?
(a) It is not enforceable in a court of law
(b) the Supreme Court has recently ruled that it is
not a part of the Constitution
(c) It has been amended twice
(d) All the above are correct
13. Match the following:
Constitutional Features Sources
A. Rule of Law 1. German Constitution
B. Directive Principles 2. Australian Constitution
C. Concurrent List 3. Irish Constitution
D. Suspension of 4. British Constitution
Fundamental Rights
during Emergency
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 3
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 1 4 3
14. Which of the following features does the Indian
Constitution borrow from the Weimar Constitution
of Germany?
(a) The idea of a federation with a strong centre
(b) The method of presidential elections
(c) The Emergency powers
(d) Provisions concerning the suspension of
fundamental rights during National Emergency
15. The Constitution of India is designed to work as
a unitary government:
(a) in normal times
(b) in times of Emergency
(c) when the Parliament so desires
(d) at the will of the President
16. Which of the following features of the
Constitution of India does not resemble the
American Constitution?
(a) Written Constitution
(b) Federal form of government
(c) Fundamental Rights
(d) Parliamentary form of government
17. Which of the following statements regarding
the acquisition of Indian citizenship is correct ?
(a) If citizenship is to be acquired by registration,
six months residence in India is essential.
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(b) If citizenship is to be acquired by naturalisation
the person concerned must have resided in India for
5 years.
(c) If born in India, only that person can acquire
citizenship at least one of whose parents is an
Indian.
(d) Rules regarding the citizenship of India shall
not be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.
18. According to the Citizenship Act, 1955, Indian
citizenship cannot be acquired by:
(a) children of the diplomatic personnel or alien
enemies born in India on or after 26th January,
1950
(b) children born of Indian citizens abroad
(c) incorporation of territory not forming part of
India at the commencement of the Constitution
(d) naturalization
19. Details on how citizenship may be acquired and
terminated are enumerated in:
(a) Part II of the Constitution
(b) the Citizenship Act, 1955
(c) Schedule I of the Constitution
(d) various enactments by Parliament
20. Which of the following is/are included in the
Directive Principles of State Policy? [IAS 2008]
1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced
labour
2. Prohibition of consumption except for medicinal
purposes of intoxicating drinks and of other drugs
which are injurious to health.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
21. The President of the Indian Union has the same
constitutional authority as the:
(a) British Monarch (b) President of USA
(c) President of Egypt (d) President of Russia
22. Article 6 enshrines the provision conferring
Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have
migrated to India from Pakistan. Which one of the
following provisions is incorrect?
(a) He or either of his parents or any of his grand-
parents was born in India as defined in the
Government of India Act, 1935
(b) Such person has so migrated before 19 July,
1948
(c) Such person has so migrated on or after the 19
July, 1948, he has been registered as a citizen
(d) Such person has got married in India
23. Which Schedule of the Constitution of India
contains special provisions for the administration
and control of Scheduled Areas in several States?
(a) Third (b) Fifth
(c) Seventh (d) Ninth
24. Indian citizenship of a person can be terminated
if:
1. a person voluntarily acquires the citizenship of
some other country.
2. a person who has become a citizen through
registration is sentenced to imprisonment for not
less than 10 years within five years of his
registration.
3. the Government of India is satisfied that
citizenship was obtained by fraud.
4. a person who is a citizen by birth indulges in
trade with an enemy country during war.
(a) I and III (b) I, II and III
(c) I, III and IV (d) I, II, III and IV
25. Citizenship provisions are enshrined in the
Constitution in :
(a) Part II (b) Part II, Articles 5-11
(c) Part II, Articles 5-6 (d) Part I, Articles 5-11
26. As far as Armed Forces are concerned, the
fundamental rights• granted under Articles 14 and
19 of the Constitution are:
(a) not available at all
(b) available to armed forces but not to other forces
(c) available only at the discretion of the chief of
army staff
(d) available only according to law made by
Parliament
27. Which of the following Articles describes about
the person voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a
foreign state not to be citizens?
(a) Article 5 (b) Article 7
(c) Article 8 (d) Article 9
28. Which of the following statements is/are not
indicative of the difference between Fundamental
Rights and Directive Principles?
I. Directive Principles are aimed at promoting
social welfare, while Fundamental Rights are for
protecting individuals from State encroachment.
II. Fundamental Rights are limitations on State
action, while Directive Principles are positive
instructions for the Government to work towards a
just socioeconomic order.
III. Fundamental Rights were included in the
original Constitution, but Directive Principles were
added by the first Amendment.
IV. Fundamental Rights are amendable, but
Directive Principles cannot be amended.
(a) I and II (b) II and III
(c) III and IV (d) I, II and III
29. Consider the following statements in respect of
financial emergency under Article 360 of the
Constitution of India:
1. A proclamation of financial emergency issued
shall cease to operate at the expiration of two
months, unless before the expiration of that period
it has been approved by the resolutions of both
Houses of Parliament.
2. If any proclamation of financial emergency Is in
operation. it is competent for the President of India
to issue directions for the reduction of salaries and
allowances of all or any class of persons serving in
connection with the affairs of the Union but
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excluding the Judges of the Supreme Court and the
High Courts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
30. Part V of the Constitution deals with:
I. Union Executive
II. Parliament
III. Supreme Court and High Courts
IV. Comptroller and Auditor-General
(a) I and II (b) I, II and III
(c) I only (d) I, II and IV
31. Match the following -
Articles of the Constitution of India
1. Article 14
2. Article 15
3. Article 16
4. Article 17
Provision
1. The State shall not discriminate against any
citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex,
place of birth or any of them
2. The State shall not deny to any person equality
before the law or the equal protection of laws
within the territory of India
3. 'Untouchability' is abolished and its practice in
any form is forbidden
33. There shall be equality of opportunity for all
citizens in matters relating to employment or
appointment to any office under the State
A B C D
(a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 2 4 1 2
32. The Governor recommends to the President of
India that breakdown of Constitutional machinery
in the State is imminent. The President makes a
proclamation under Article 356. The action of the
President:
(a) cannot be reviewed as the President is the sole
judge of his emergency powers
(b) cannot be reviewed as the Constitution bars the
courts from reviewing political actions
(c) can be reviewed as it goes against Fundamental
Rights
(d) can be reviewed as it is malafide
33. Provisions of having a UPSC and Public
Service Commision for States are enshrined in :
(a) Part XIV, Chapter II, Articles 315-324
(b) Part XIV, Chapter I, Articles 308-323
(c) Part XIV, Chapter II, Articles 315-323
(d) Part XIV, Chapter I, Articles 308-318
34. Match the following:
A. Part I 1. Fundamental Rights
B. Part III 2. Panchayati Raj
C. Part IX 3. Citizenship
D. Part II 4. The Union and its Territory
A B C D
(a) 4 2 3 1
(b) 3 1 2 4
(c) 2 3 1 3
(d) 4 1 2 3
35. Match the following:
A. Article 61 1. Removal of Deputy Chairman of
Rajya Sabha
B. Article 67 2. Impeachement of President
C. Article 94 3. Removal of Vice President
D. Article 90 4. Removal of Speaker
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 1 3 4 1
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 3 4 2 1
36. Match the following:
A. Abolition of Untouchability 1. Article 24
B. Abolition of Titles 2. Article 23
C. Prohibition of Child labour 3. Article 17
D. Prohibition of Traffic in 4. Article 18
human beings
A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 1 3 2 4
37. During financial emergency, the President can:
1. ask the states to reduce the salaries arid
allowances of all or any class of persons serving in
connection with the affairs of the State
2. ask the states to reserve money bills passed by
the state legislature for his consideration
3. issue directions to states on financial matters
4. issue directions for the reduction of salaries and
allowances of persons serving in connection with
the affairs of the Union
(a) I, II and III (b) I, III and IV
(c) II, III and IV (d) I, II, III and IV
38. During a proclamation of emergency due to the
breakdown of constitutional machinery in a State
the President can
I. assume all powers vested in and exercisable by
the Governor
II. declare that the powers of the State Legislature
shall be exercised by Parliament
III. assume certain powers of the High Courts
IV. suspend by order any or all Fundamental Rights
except those under Articles 20 and 21
(a) I and II (b) I and III
(c) II, III and IV (d) II and IV
39. The value of a vote of a Member of Parliament
for the election of the President is determined by
dividing the:
(a) nation's population as per the latest census by
the number of Lok Sabha members
(b) nation's population as per the latest census by
the total strength of the two Houses of Paliament
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(c) the total value of votes of members of all the
State Legislative Assemblies by the elected
Members of the two Houses of Parliament
(d) particular State's population as per the latest
census by the number of Members of Parliament
elected from that State
40. Who among the following' are appointed by the
President of India?
I. Chairman, Finance Commission
II. Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
III. Chief Minister of a Union Territory
(a) I only (b) I and II
(c) I and III (d) II and III
41. Which of the following is/are resultant of a
proclamation of National Emergency because of
war?
I. The Union Government can give directions to the
States about how the executive power of theState is
to be exercised.
II. The Fundamental Rights stand automatically
suspended.
III. The State Legislature is suspended.
IV. Parliament can make laws with respect to any
subject in the State List.
(a) I, II and IV (b) I, III and IV
(c) I only (d) I and IV
42. In case of proclamation of emergency on
grounds of war or external aggression:
(a) all Fundamental Rights will be automatically
suspended
(b) the right to move a court for enforcement of any
Fundamental Right is suspended
(c) the President may order the suspension of
enforcement of any Fundamental Right except
Article 20-21
(d) Parliament may authorise suspension of all
Fundamental Rights
43. The President of India is:
(a) Commander-in-Chief of Defence Forces
(b) Supreme Commander of Armed Forces
(c) Head of the Government
(d) Supreme Commander of Defence Forces of the
Union and Executive Head of the Union
44. Which of the following statements regarding
the pardoning powers of the President is/are not
correct?
1. He has the pardoning power in respect of
sentence by court martial.
2. He can grant reprieve and respite in case of
punishment for an offence against any law of the
land, Union or State.
3. He alone can pardon a sentence of death.
4. His exercise of the power of pardon is open to
judicial review.
(a) I and III (b) II and III
(c) I and IV (d) II and IV
45. The President of India is vested with ordinance
making power by Article 126, He exercises this
power:
(a) when Lok Sabha is not in session and
circumstances .exist which render it necessary for
the President to take immediate action
(b) when Council of States is not in session and the
President is satisfied that circumstances exist which
render it necessary for him to take immediate
action
(c) when both Houses of Parliament are not in
session and President is satisfied that circumstances
exist which made it necessary for him to take the
immediate action
(d) in all the above circumstances
46. Consider the following statements about the
powers of the President of India:
1. The President can direct that any matter on
which decision has been taken by a Minister should
be placed before the Council of Ministers.
2. The President can call all information relating to
proposals for legislation.
3. The President has the right to address and send
messages to either House of the Parliament.
4. All decisions of the Council of Ministers relating
to the administration fo the Union must be
communicated to the President.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
47. The Prime Minister, at the time of the
appointment:
1. need not necessarily be a member of one of the
Houses of Parliament but must become a member
of one of the Houses within six months.
2. need not necessarily be a member of one of the.
Houses of Parliament but must become a member
of the Lok Sabha within six months.
3. must be either a nominated or elected member of
one of the Houses of Parliament.
4. must be an elected member of only Lok Sabha.
(a) I only (b) I and III
(c) II only (d) IV only
48. Consider the following Vice-President of India:
1. V.V. Giri 2. M. Hidayatullah
3. B.D. Jatti 4. G.S. Pathak
Which one of the following is the correct
chronology of their tenures?
(a) 1-4-3-2 (b) 2-1-3-4
(c) 3-2-1-4 (d) 4-1-3-2
49. Who among the following have held the office
of the Vice-President of India?
1. Mohammad Hidayatullah
2. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
3. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
4. Shankar Dayal Sharma
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
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50. Which of the following committees exist only
in the Lok Sabha?
1. Business Advisory Committee.
2. Committee on Private Members Bill and
Resolutions.
3. Committee on Petitions.
4. Committee on Assurances.
5. Estimates Committee.
(a) I, II and III (b) III and IV
(c) II and V (d) II, IV and V
51. Each member of Parliament who participates in
the Presidential election is entitled to cast as many
votes as are obtained by dividing the total number
of votes of the Legislative Assemblies of all the
States by the total number of elected members of
the two Houses of Parliament. This ensures:
(a) parity between the voting strengths of the States
and the Parliament
(b) parity among the States
(c) uniformity of representation of the different
States
(d) All the above
52. What is the minimum percentage of seats a
party should get to be recognised as the opposition
party in the legislature?
(a) 20% (b) 15%
(c) 10% (d) No such limit
53. The maximum number of representatives of the
States in Lok Sabha is :
(a) 525 (b) 530
(c) 545 (d) 550
54. Match the following:
Parliamentary Terms
A. Starred Question
B. Unstarred Question
C. Short Notice Question
Meaning
1. One asked by a member on matters of public
importance of an urgent nature
2. One for which the Concerned minister has to lay
on the table a written answer
3. One for which an oral answer is required to be
given by a minister on the floor of the House
A B C
(a) 1 2 3
(b) 2 1 3
(c) 3 1 2
(d) 3 2 1
55. Who among the following was never the Lok
Sabha Speaker?
(a) K.V.K. Sundaram (b) G.S. Dhillon
(c) Balirarn Bhagat (d) Hukarn Singh
56. The Union Territories get representation in:
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) both Houses of Parliament
(d) None of the above
57. Which of the following statements regarding
the Esstimates Committee are correct?
1. No member of the Rajya Sabha is associated
with it.
2. It has twenty members.
3. Its members are elected in accordance with the
system of proportional representation for a period
of one year.
4. The Speaker nominates one of its members to be
its Chairman.
(a) I, II and III (b) I, III and IV
(c) I, II and IV (d) II, III and IV
58. Match the following:
A. Business Advisory Committee
1. Looks into the mode of public expenditure
B. Select Committee
2. Examines the veracity of budget estimates
C. Estimates Committee
3. Considers a bill and submits to the House a
report on it
D. Public Accounts Committee
4. Prepares time table for the whole session
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 4 3 2 1
59. Which of the following is the correct sequence
of the grades of officers in the Central Secretariat?
1. Secretary 2. Additional Secretary
3. Joint Secretary 4. Deputy Secretary
5. Under Secretary 6. Director
(a) 1, 2, 3, 6, 4, 5 (b) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6
(c) 6, 4, 3, 5, 2, 1 (d) 1, 5, 4, 2, 6, 3
60. An Appropriation Bill:
I. is necessary to draw money from the
Consolidated Fund of India.
II. cannot be amended to vary the amount of any
charged expenditure.
III. Includes only the expenditure charged on the
Consolidated Fund of India.
IV. is required to withdraw money from the
Contingency Fund of India.
(a) I and III (b) I, II and III
(c) I and II (d) I, II, III and IV
61. With reference to Indian Public Finance,
consider the following statements:
1. Disbursements from Public Accounts of India
are subject to the Vote of Parliament.
2. The Indian Constitution provides for the
establishment of a Consolidated Fund, a Public
Account and a Contingency Fund for each State.
3. Appropriations and disbursements under the
Railway Budget are subject to the same form of
parliamentary control as other appropriations and
disbursements.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
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62. Which of the following matters are not affected
in case of dissolution of the Lok Sabha?
1. A bill originating and pending in the Rajya
Sabha.
2. Pending notices, motions and resolutions in the
Lok Sabha.
3. A joint sitting of Parliament if notification of
such a sitting has been given before the dissolution.
4. Bills passed by both Houses and sent to the
President for his assent.
5. Bills returned by President for reconsideration.
(a) I, II and III (b) I, III, IV and V
(c) II, III and IV (d) I, IV and V
63. Which one of the following statements is not
correct?
(a) In Lok Sabha, a no-confidence motion has to set
out the grounds on which it is based
(b) In the case of a no-confidence motion in Lok
Sabha no conditions of admissibility have been laid
down in the Rules
(c) A motion of no-confidence, once admitted, has
to be taken up within ten days of the leave being
granted
(d) Rajya Sabha is not empowered to entertain a
motion of no-confidence
64. The two Houses of Parliament enjoy co-equal
power in all spheres except:
1. financial matters
2. responsibility of the Council of Ministers
3. amendment procedure
4. election of President
(a) III and IV (b) II, III and IV
(c) I, II and III (d) I and II
65. What is the minimum age for being the member
of the Parliament?
(a) 21 years (b) 25 years
(c) 30 years (d) 35 years
66. The total number of members in a Legislative
Council should not exceed that of a Legislative
Assembly by :
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3
(c) 1/2 (d) 1/4
67. Which one of the following is the largest (area
wise) Lok Sabha constituency?
(a) Kangra (b) Kachchh
(c) Ladakh (d) Bhilwara
68. Match the following:
Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
A. Original Jurisdiction
B. Appellate Jurisdiction
C. Advisory Jurisdiction
Cases Covered
1. Advice on any question of law as may be
referred to the Supreme Court for consideration by
the President
2. Case involving interpretation of the Constitution
3. Appointment of officers and servants of the
Supreme Court
4. Dispute between the Government of India and a
State
A B C
(a) 1 2 3
(b) 4 3 2
(c) 4 2 1
(d) 2 1 3
69. Which of the following correctly reflects the
position of the Upper House of the State
Legislature as compared to the position of the
Upper House of the Parliament?
(a) 1/3rd members of Rajya Sabha retire every
second year while 1/4th members of Legislative
Council retire every 18 months
(b) There is no provision for a joint sitting of the
Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council
in the States for resolving deadlocks While there is
such a provision in the case of the two House of
Parliament
(c) While no Bill other than a Money Bill can
originate in the State Legislative Council, no Bill
can originate in the Rajya Sabha
(d) While Rajya Sabha has 12 nominated members,
the State Legislative Council has none
70. If in an election to a State Legislative Assembly
the candidate who is declared elected loses his
deposit, it means that:
(a) the polling was very poor
(b) the election was for a multi- member
constituency
(c) the elected candidate's victory over his nearest
rival was very marginal
(d) a very large number of candidates contested the
election
71. Match the following:
A. Mandamus 1. Direction to an official for
the performance of a duty
B. Habeas Corpus 2. Release of an illegally
detained person
C. Certiorari 3. Transferring of a case from
an inferior court to a court
of higherjurisdiction
D. Quo Warranto 4. Calling upon one to show
by what authority he
holds or claims
afranchise or office
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 4 3 2 1
72. Consider the following statements:
1. Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer was the Chief Justice
of India
2. Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer is considered as one of
the progenitors of public interest litigation(PIL) in
the Indian judicial system.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
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73. A: The position of the legislative Council is
inferior to that of the legislative Assembly.
R1: The very existence of the Council depends on
the will of the Assembly.
R2: A Bill originating in the Council can be
forthwith put to an end by the Assembly rejecting
it.
R3: One-sixth of the Council's members are
nominated by the Governor.
(a) A and R1, R2 and R3 are correct and R1, R2
and R3 explain A
(b) A, R1 and R3 are correct and R1 and R3
explain A
(c) A, R1, R2and R3are correct but only R1 and R2
explain A
(d) A and R2 are wrong; R1 and R3 are correct
74. The High Courts in India were first started at:
(a) Bombay, Madras, Calcutta
(b) Delhi and Calcutta
(c) Bombay, Delhi, Madras
(d) Madras and Bombay
75. The number of seats in Vidhan Sabha is :
(a) to be not more than five hundred and not less
than 60
(b) to be not more than 500 and not less than 60 but
an exception is recognished in the case of one State
which has only 32 seats
(c) to be not more than.600 and not less than 500
(d) varies from Vidhan Sabha to Vidhan Sabha
76. Who of the following shall cause every
recommendation made by the Finance
Commission to be laid before each House of
Parliament?
(a) The President of India
(b) The Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) The Prime Minister of India
(d) The Union Finance Minister
77. In which respect have the Centre-State
relations been specifically termed as 'municipal
relations'?
(a) Centre's control of the State in the legislative
sphere
(b) Centre's control of the State in financial matters
(c) Centre's control of the State in administrative
sector
(d) Centre's control of the State in planning process
78. Which of the following is/are extra
constitutional and extra-legal device (s)for securing
co-operation and co-ordination between the States
in India?
1. The National Development Council.
2. The Governor's Conference.
3. Zonal Councils.
4. The Inter-State Council
(a) I and II (b) I, III and IV
(c) III and IV (d) Only IV
79. Match the following
Year of Creation States
A. 1960 1. Sikkim
B. 1962 2. Goa
C. 1975 3. Maharashtra
D. 1987 4. Nagaland
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 3 4 2 1
80. Match the following:
A. Arunachal Pradesh 1. 22nd State
B. Goa 2. 23rd State
C. Mizoram 3. 24th State
D. Sikkim 4. 25th State
A B C D
(a) 1 3 4 2
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 3 4 2 1
81. Corporation Tax:
(a) is levied by the Union and collected and
appropriated by the States
(b) is levied by the Union and belongs to it
exclusively
(c) is levied and appropriated by the States
(d) is levied by the Union and shared by the Union
and the States
82. The States Reorganisation Act created ______
States and _______ Union Territories.
(a) 14;7 (b) 14;6
(c) 15;6 (d) 15;7
83. Silvassa is the capital of
(a) Lakshadweep
(b) Tripura
(c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(d) Mizoram
84. What is the correct sequence of steps in
electoral procedure?
1. Filing of nominations.
2. Presidential notification.
3. Scrutiny of nomination papers.
4. Withdrawal of candidature.
5. Allotment of symbols.
(a) I, III, IV, V, II (b) II, I, IV, V, III
(c) I, III, V, IV, II (d) II, I, III, IV, V
85. Match the following:
A. Ex-Officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
1. Speaker
B. Presiding officer of the House of the People
2. Solicitor General
C. First law officer of the State
3. Vice-President
D. Representative of Government of India in
important legal cases 4. Advocate General
A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 1 3 4 2
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(d) 4 1 3 2
86. What was the decision of the Supreme Court in
Keshavanand Bharati case?
(a) Parliament is supreme in the matters of
legislation
(b) In matters relating to compulsory acquisition of
private property the court had the ultimate powers
of determining what is public purpose under Article
31
(c) The power under Article 368 to amend the
Constitution cannot be so exercised as to alter the
basic structure or the essential features of the
Constitution
(d) The Supreme Court has full authority to
pronounce on the Constitutional Validity of any
State law
87. Which of the following are a source of income
to the urban local bodies?
1. Octroi duty on goods brought into and taken out
of the city.
2. Taxes on vehicles.
3. Income from water and electricity supply.
4. Financial grants from the State Governments.
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV
(c) I, III and IV (d) I, II, III and IV
88. Match the following:
A. 58th
Amendment 1. Delhi to be called as
National Capital
Territory of Delhi
B. 61st
Amendment 2. Reduced voting age
from 21 years
to 18 years
C. 69th
Amendment 3. An authoritative text
of the Constitution
in Hindi
D. 71st
Amendment 4. Included Konkani,
Manipuri and Nepali
languages in the
Eighth Schedule
A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 3 1 2 4
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 4 2 1 3
89. Which of the two words among the following
were added to the Preamble to the Constitution of
India by the Constitution (42nd
Amendment) Act,
1976?
(a) Sovereign and Socialist
(b) Socialist and Democratic
(c) Socialist and Secular
(d) Secular and Democratic
90. The President of India appoints the Chief
Election Commissioner, but he cannot be removed
from office except by a special procedure laid
down in the Constitution. This procedure is the
same as the one prescribed for the removal of the
(a) Vice-President
(b) Judges of the Supreme Court
(c) Members of the State Public Service
Commissions
(d) Members and Chairman of the UPSC
91. The theory of "basic structure" of the
Constitution was propounded by the Supreme
Court in the
(a) A.K.Gopalan Case
(b) Golaknath Case
(c) Kesavananda Bharati Case
(d) Minerva Mills Case
92. The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
does not audit the receipts and expenditure of
(a) Municipal Undertakings
(b) State Governments
(c) Government Companies
(d) Union Government
93. The Constituent Assembly of India was
converted into the Provisional Parliament of India
on
(a) 1.1.1950 (b) 15.8.1947
(c) 2.10.1950 (d) 26.1.1950
94 .The Union or India consists of _____ States and
Union Territories.
(a) 22 : 8 (b) 24 : 7
(c) 28 : 7 (d) 21 : 8
95. During the period of 15th August 1947 to the
26th January 1950, the political status of India was
that of a
(a) Sovereign Republic
(b) Dominion in the British Commonwealth of
Nations
(c) Sovereign Republic and a member of the
Commonwealth
(d) Sovereign State
96. Consider the following tasks:
1) Superintendence, direction and conduct of free
and fair elections.
2) Preparation of electoral rolls for all elections to
the Parliament, State-Legislatures and the Office of
the President and the Vice-President.
3) Giving recognition to political parties, allotting
election symbols to political parties and individuals
contesting the election.
4) Proclamation of final verdict in the case of
election disputes.
Which of the above are the functions of the
Election Commission of India?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 4
97. In the Government of India, under which
Ministry is the National River Conservation
Directorate?
(a) Ministry of Agriculture
(b) Ministry of Earth Sciences
(c) Ministry of Water Resources
(d) Ministry of Environment and Forests
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98. The seven Union Territories occupy roughly
______ per cent of the total area of the country.
(a) 12 (b) 0.33
(c) 6 (d) 3
Ans. b
99. The first Independence Day (August 15, 1947)
fell on a
(a) Wednesday (b) Thursday
(c) Friday (d) Saturday
100. Match the following:
Prominent Functionaries Term of Office
A. Supreme Court Judge 1. Till 65 years of age
B. High Court Judge 2. Till 62 years of age
C. Comptroller and 3. 6 years or age of 65
Auditor General of India whichever is less
D. Governor 4. 5 years
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 2 1 3 4
(d) 3 2 4 1
101. Match the following:
A. Madhu Limayi 1. A former Vice-President
B. Pattabhi Sitaramaiah 2. The first Speaker of the
Lok Sabha
C. B.D. Jatti 3. A veteran parliamentarian
of yester years
D. Mavlankar 4. Author of a famous book
on the history of Indian
National Congress
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 3 1 2 4
(c) 4 3 1 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
102. In India, if a religious sect/community is given
the status of a national minority, what special
advantages is it entitled to ?
1. It can establish and administer exclusive
educational institutions.
2. The President of India automatically nominates a
representative of the community to Lok Sabha.
3. It can derive benefits from the Prime Minister's
15-Point Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
103. Which of the following condition/conditions
must be fulfilled by the NRIs to be eligible to vote
in elections in India?
1. They must be physically present in their place of
origin to exercise their franchise.
2. NRIs whether they have acquired citizenship of
other countries or not are eligible to vote
3. Eligible NRIs have to register by filling up form
6-A with electoral registration office.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 3 only
104. Which one of the following States has granted
Sanskrit language the status of the second official
language of the State?
(a) Bihar (b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Uttarakhand
105. Which of the following Constitution
Amendment Acts seeks that the size of the
Councils of Ministers at the Centre and in a State
must not exceed 15 percent of the total number of
members in the Lok Sabha and the total number of
members of the Legislative Assembly of that State,
respectively?
(a) 91st
(b) 93rd
(c) 95th
(d) 97th
106. Which one of the following is the correct
sequence in the descending order of precedence in
the warrant of precedence?
(a) Attorney General of India - Judges of the
Supreme Court - Members of Parliament Deputy
Chairman of Rajya Sabha
(b) Judges of the Supreme Court - Deputy
Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Attorney General of
India - Members of Parliament
(c) Attorney General of' India - Deputy Chairman
of Rajya Sabha - Judges of the Supreme Court -
Members of Parliament
(d) Judges of the Supreme Court - Attorney
General of India - Deputy Chairman of Rajya
Sabha - Members of Parliament
107. The Constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment)
Act, 1992, which aims at promoting the Panchayati
Raj Institutions in the country, provides for which
of the following?
1. Constitution of District Planning Committees.
2. State Election Commissions to conduct all
panchayat elections.
3. Establishment of State Finance Commissions.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
108. For which one of the following reforms was a
Commission set up under the Chairmanship of
Veerappa Moily by the Government of India?
(a) Police Reforms
(b) Tax Reforms
(c) Reforms in Technical Education
(d) Administrative Reforms
109. Which of the following is incorrect in respect
of Local Government in India?
(a) According to the Indian Constitution local
government is not an independent tier in the federal
system
(b) 30% of the seats in local bodies are reserved for
women
(c) Local government finances are to be provided
by a Commission
(d) Elections to local bodies are to be determined
by a Commission
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110. The expression 'Creamy layer' used in the
judgement of the Supreme Court relating to the
case regarding reservations refers to:
(a) those sections of the society which pay income
tax
(b) those sections of socially and educationally
backward classes of the society that are developed
(c) those sections of the society that are considered
advanced according to the Karpuri Thakur formula
(d) all sections of the upper castes of the society
111. The composition of the UPSC is:
(a) laid down in the Constitution
(b) determined by Parliament
(c) determined by the President
(d) determined by the Chairman of the UPSC
112. Which of the following is correct regarding
booth capturing?
1. It has been defined in the Constitution after the
61st amendment.
2. It includes the seizure of a polling booth to
prevent the orderly conduct of elections.
3. It is also committed when any elector is
threatened and prevented from going to the polling
station to cast his vote.
4. It has been declared a cognizable offence
punishable by imprisonment.
(a) 2, 3, and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
113. The first Law Officer of the Government of
India is:
(a) Chief Justice of India (b) Law Minister
(c) Attorney General (d) Auditor General
114. The declaration which outlines the future
programme and policy of a political party issued on
the eve of a general election is called:
(a) white paper (b) manifesto
(c) yellow paper (d) mandate
115. The old name of which State/Union Territory
is wrongly given?
(a) Karnataka - Mysore
(b) Tamil Nadu - Madras
(c) Lakshadweep - Laccadive, Minicoy and
Amindiv Islands
(d) Meghalaya - Eastern Hill Province
116. Who of the following shall cause every
recommendation made by the Finance Commission
to be laid before each House of Parliament?
(a) The President of India
(b) The Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) The Prime Minister of India
(d) The Union Finance Minister
117. Which of the following features is/are contrary
to the norms of a federal polity?
1. Common All India Service
2. Single integrated judiciary
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
118. Which one of the following was an associate
State of India before becoming a full fledged State?
(a) Meghalaya (b) Mizoram
(c) Manipur (d) Sikkim
119. The distribution of power between Centre and
the States is based on the scheme provided in :
(a) Government of India Act, 1935
(b) Montague-Chelmsford Act, 1919
(c) Minto-Morley Reforms, 1909
(d) Indian Independence Act, 1947
120. The provisions regarding division of taxes
between Union and the States:
(a) can be suspended during National Emergency
(b) can be suspended during Financial Emergency
(c) can be suspended only with the consent of the
majority of State legislatures
(d) cannot be suspended under' any circumstances