The document defines 'ability' as a special talent or skill categorized into general and specific abilities, explaining the use of modal verbs for expressing them in various tenses. It details rules for using 'can,' 'could,' 'was able to,' and future tense constructions with 'will.' Additionally, it includes examples and exercises related to language use in different contexts.

2. Ability means a special talent or skill. The definition of ability is
being able to physically, mentally, financially, legally or morally
do something.
The abilities have two classificaions:
1. General abilities (past and present)
Some abilities are general: you have the skill to do it at any time
you like. We use can for present abilities and could for past
abilities.
• I can play the accordion.
• I could play the violin when I was a child.

3. 2. Specific Abilities in the Past
Not all abilities are general. Some abilities happen only once (or
a certain number of times) in a particular situation. In positive
sentences, we don't say could, we use was able to.
• I was very tired but I could stay awake all night. X
• I was very tired but I was able to stay awake all night. ✓
If the sentence is negative, we use could or was able to.
• I was very tired, so I couldn't stay awake. ✓
• I was very tired, so I wasn't able to stay awake. ✓

4. Present
Positive: She can speak 3 languages. (S + CAN + V + C)
Negative: He can't speak Arabic. (S + CAN’T + V + C)
Question: Can you speak any languages? (CAN + S + V + C + ?)
Past
Positive: They could speak some German when they were 15.
Negative: He couldn't speak any Spanish when he was 15.
Question: Could you speak French when you were 15?

5. modal verbs don't need an 's' for he/she/it, and always have
an infinitive verb (without 'to') after them.
• He cans play the piano. X
• He can play the piano. ✓
• They can to make delicious cakes. X
• They can make delicious cakes. ✓

7. Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative
negative
I will see I won't see Will I see? Won't I see?
*I shall see *Shall I see?
You will see You won't see Will you see? Won't you see?
He will see He won't see Will he see? Won't he see?
We will see We won't see Will we see? Won't we see?
*We shall see *Shall we see?
They will see They won't see Will they see? Won't they see?
*Shall is dated, but it is still commonly used instead of "will" with the affirmative or
interrogative forms of I and we in certain cases (see above).

8. The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses
facts or certainty.
The simple future is used:
• To predict a future event:
It will rain tomorrow.
• With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
• To express willingness:
He'll carry your bag for you.
• In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
The baby won't eat his soup.

9. I will = I'll
We will = we'll
You will = you'll
He will = he'll
She will = she'll
They will = they'll
Will not = won't
• With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
Will you come to the dance with me?
Will you marry me?

11. Express affirmative or negative ideas in present about the people
from the box. Then, make questions to your classmates.

12.  Dance
 Swim
 Play the piano
• Sing
• Cook
• Drive
• Paint
• Ski
• Run
• Ride a horse

16. Sentences
1. Will the boys win the match? Why?
2. Will the snow stop?
3. When will the snow stop?
4. Will they play football today?
5. As the snow is up to their waists… how will they go home?

17. Questions
1. What can Billy play?
2. Can she play soccer?
3. Can she sing well?
4. Can she play an instrument?
5. What can he cook?
6. Is he good at computers?
Answers
1. Basketball and baseball
2. No, she can´t.
3. No, she can’t.
4. No, she can’t.
5. He can cook an omelet.
6. Yes, he is.

18. PAGE INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PARTICIPLE SPANISH
5
Sit (i) Sat Sat Sentar (se)
Adopt (r) Adopted Adopted Adoptar
survive (r) survived survived sobrevivir
PAGE INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PARTICIPLE SPANISH
6
Rescue (r) Rescued Rescued Rescatar
Skate (r) Skated Skated Patinar
Throw (r) Threw Thrown Lanzar