Unit 7 Ethics and ownership.pptx
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This document discusses ethics and ownership issues related to computers and technology. It covers the definition of ethics and outlines ethical standards bodies like the BCS and IEEE. It also discusses computer ethics principles around intellectual property, privacy, and technology's impact on society. The document then covers copyright, software licensing models, and issues around artificial intelligence development and its potential impacts.
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The document discusses open source solutions for e-governance in India. It outlines the benefits of open source software such as lower costs, customizability, and independence from proprietary vendors. Open source is well-suited for e-governance in India due to its ability to support localization to many languages and its more secure and economical alternatives to proprietary software that are important for government systems that handle citizen data and services. However, adoption of open source faces hurdles such as a lack of policy and skills development.
Open Source N Egovernance
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- 1. Chapter 7- Ethics and ownership
- 2. Ethical Behaviour Legal Morality Culture Ethics
- 3. Ethics Ethics are standards of moral conduct Standards of right and wrong behavior A gauge of personal integrity The basis of trust and cooperation in relationships with others.
- 4. Computer Ethics These are a set of principles set out to regulate the use of computers and are: Intellectual property rights Privacy Effect of computers on society
- 5. Professional ethical bodies BCS- The British Computer Society IEEE- The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- 6. BCS Set up in the UK to initially represent the rights and ethical practises of all professionals working in the IT industry. Now it is an international body which works with other groups to closely monitor and advice IT practises across the globe.
- 7. BCS It’s code of conduct is: The Public Interest Professional Competence and Integrity Duty to Relevant Authority Duty to the Profession
- 8. IEEE Set up to: Raise awareness of ethical issues Promoting ethical behaviour in the electronics industry Ensuring everyone respects the need for ethical behaviour Duty to the Profession
- 9. IEEE With the help of the ACM (Association for Computing Memory, it set up eight principles for the code of ethics and professional practice.
- 18. Impact on the general public While software and hardware being regularly developed for the public is a good thing, certain rules need to be considered and are:
- 19. Copyright This is just the formal recognition of ownership of a created and published work.
- 20. Copyright This usually applies to: Written work Musical compositions Films Art works Computer programs etc….
- 21. Copyright This usually helps the copyright owner on how his/her work could be used. Ex: A certain piece of code could be taken without permission but aren’t allowed to change it in any way. Also makes sure it isn’t being pirated, meaning that illegal copies of the work aren’t being made or practised.
- 22. Software licensing Commercial software- These are software's that are available for customers for a small fee or completely free for the earlier versions of the software. This can be of two types and are: Shareware- Software that is given for a short period of time and free of charge initially. Freeware- Software that is free of charge with no time limit.
- 23. Software licensing Open licensing- These are software that are provided with the source code. For open licensing, there are two major initiatives and are: Open Source Initiative- This makes the open source software available and completely free of charge and the user is free to use it, modify it , copy it or even distribute it.
- 24. Software licensing Free Software Foundation- This works on the same basis as the Open Source Initiative. Here the free software is still open source but if the software source code is modified in any way, the modified version must be made available to others to use as well. This is called ‘copyleft’.
- 25. Artificial Intelligence (AI) This is usually defined as a machine which carries out tasks that require some level of intelligence when a human does the same thing. These tasks usually are: The use of a language Carrying out mathematical functions or calculations Recognizing someone The ability to use other pieces of machinery Analysing data and coming to a proper conclusion
- 26. AI It’s impacts usually are: Production becomes much faster and efficient Will also help people pursue their hobbies and have a better lifestyle since repetitive and mundane tasks could be carried out by the AI itself AI could help us solve our environmental problems and ensure that they are fixed before they become disastrous Loss of jobs will be significant on a global scale Will tend to be very expensive