this chapter is designed for B.SC Nursing students and faculties and itsprepared as per I semester syllabus. It will be useful for Nurses. UNIT 6, Social Problems and its a large unit and will be uploading in upcoming slides .it helps in preparing for exams well and keeps yourself updates with current health schemes available to combat the social problems in the Country

1. UNIT 6
SOCIOLOGY
MAJOR SOCIAL
PROBLEMS IN INDIA
GEETHA S R
PROFESSOR

2. POVERTY

3. INTRODUCTION
• Poverty as a social problem is very much out of
control in India.
• It means the condition of an individual in which
he is unable to meet out his basic needs.
• It is measurable only in terms of the living
standards and resources of a given society at a
particular time.
• It is that condition in which a person either
because of inadequate income or unwise
expenditures

4. DEFINITION
Poverty Line definition in India:
Poverty line was defined as the per capita.
consumption expenditure level to meet average
per capita daily calorie requirement of. 2400 kcal
per capita per day in rural areas and 2100 kcal
per capita per day in urban.

5. CAUSES FOR POVERTY
• Personal factors
• Political and economic factors
• Biological factors
• Technological and Environmental factors
• Social factors

6. VARIOUS PROGRAMS TO CURB
POVERTY
National Food for Work Programme
The programme is open to all rural poor who are
in need of wage employment and desire to do
manual unskilled work. It is implemented as a
100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme

7. Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana
(SGSY)
Aims at bringing the assisted poor families
(Swarozgaris) above the poverty line by organizing
them into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through a mix of
Bank credit and Government subsidy
Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
Aims at providing additional wage employment in
all rural areas and thereby food security and
improve nutritional levels.

8. • Rural Housing – Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
operationalised from 1999-2000 is the major
scheme for construction of houses for the poor,
free of cost.
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
envisages allocation of Additional Central
Assistance (ACA) to the States and UTs for
selected basic services such as primary health,
primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking
water, nutrition and rural electrification.

9. • Rural Employment Generation Programme
(REGP)
launched in 1995 with the objective of creating
self-employment opportunities in the rural areas
and small towns.
• Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
PMRY started in 1993 with the objective of
making available self-employment opportunities
to the educated unemployed youth by assisting
them in setting up any economically viable
activity

10. • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY)
The PMGSY, launched in December 2000 as a 100
per cent Centrally Sponsored Scheme, aims at
providing rural connectivity to unconnected
habitations with population of 500 persons or more
in the rural areas
• Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
AAY launched in December 2000 provides
foodgrains at a highly subsidized rate of Rs 2.00 per
kg for wheat and Rs.3.00 per kg for rice to the poor
families under the Targeted Public Distribution
System (TPDS)

11. • Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
(SJSRY)
The Urban Self Employment Programme and the
Urban Wage Employment Programme are the
two special components of the SJSRY
• Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana
(VAMBAY)
The VAMBAY launched in December 2001
facilitates the construction and upgradation of
dwelling units for the slum dwellers and
provides a healthy and enabling urban
environment through community toilets under
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan

12. UNEMPLOYMENT

13. INTRODUCTION
overall unemployment rate in India is 7.95
percent as of July 2023. Centre for monitoring
Indian Economy.

14. Causes of Unemployment
• Large population
• Lack of vocational skills
• Social norms
• Low investment in manufacturing sectors.

15. Classification / Types
• Cyclical Unemployment
• Technological Unemployment
• Structural Unemployment
• Frictional Unemployment
• Disguised Unemployment
• Seasonal Unemployment
• Open Unemployment
• Voluntary Unemployment
• Involuntary Unemployment
• Educated Unemployment
• Casual Unemployment

16. Government Initiative To
Control Unemployment
• TRYSEM – Training of Rural Youth for Self-
Employment
The objective of this scheme was to help
unemployed youth of rural areas aged between
18 and 35 years to acquire skills for self-
employment.

17. • IRDP – Integrated Rural Development
Programme (IRDP) in the year 1980 to create
full employment opportunities in rural areas.
• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was started in
April 1989 by merging the two existing wage
employment programme
• RLEGP – Rural Landless Employment
Guarantee Programme
• NREP – National Rural Employment
Programme on an 80:20 cost-sharing basis
between the state and centre.

18. MNREGA – Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act ( 2005)
Aims to provide social security by guaranteeing
a minimum of 100 days paid work per year to all
the families whose adult members opt for
unskilled labour-intensive work.
PMKVY – Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
(2015).
The objective of PMKVY was to enable the youth
of the country to take up industry-relevant skill
training in order to acquire a secured better
livelihood.

19. • Start-Up India Scheme ( 2016)-The aim of
Startup India programmes was to develop an
ecosystem that nurtures and promotes
entrepreneurship across the nation.
• Stand Up India Scheme (2016) aimed to
facilitate bank loans to women and SC/ST
borrowers between Rs 10 lakh and Rs. 1 crore
for setting up a greenfield enterprise
• National Skill Development Mission ( 2014) to
drive the ‘Skill India’ agenda in a ‘Mission
Mode’ in order to converge the existing skill
training initiatives and combine scale and
quality of skilling efforts, with speed.