Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India and It's an employment generation programmes in India.

1. POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY- CHANDAN ROY
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2.  What is poverty?
 Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food,
clothing and shelter. However, poverty is more, much more than just not having
enough money.
 The World Bank Organization describes poverty in this way:
 “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being
able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to
read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time.
 Poverty has many faces, changing from place to place and across time, and has
been described in many ways. Most often, poverty is a situation people want to
escape. So poverty is a call to action -- for the poor and the wealthy alike -- a call
to change the world so that many more may have enough to eat, adequate shelter,
access to education and health, protection from violence, and a voice in what
happens in their communities.”
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3.  What’s the Indian poverty line?
 Earlier, India used to define the poverty line based on a method
defined by a task force in 1979. It was based on expenditure for
buying food worth 2,400 calories in rural areas, and 2,100 calories
in urban areas. In 2011, the Suresh Tendulkar Committee defined
the poverty line on the basis of monthly spending on food,
education, health, electricity and transport. According to this
estimate, a person who spends Rs. 27.2 in rural areas and Rs. 33.3
in urban areas a day are defined as living below the poverty line.
For a family of five that spends less than Rs. 4,080 and Rs. 5,000 in
rural and urban areas respectively is considered below the poverty
line. This has been criticised for fixing the poverty line too low.
According to a committee headed by former Reserve Bank governor
C Rangarajan, there were 363 million people, or 29.5% of India’s
1.2 billion people, who lived in poverty in 2011-12. The Rangarajan
panel considered people living on less than Rs. 32 a day in rural
areas and Rs. 47 a day in urban areas as poor.
 What is a poverty line?
The poverty line defines a threshold income. Households earning below this
threshold are considered poor. Different countries have different methods of
defining the threshold income depending on local socio-economic needs.
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4.  POVERTYALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES
IN INDIA:-
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5.  MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL
EMPLOYMEMNT GUARANTEE ACT(MGNREGA):-
Objective of the Act:-
The objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in
rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in a financial year to every household whose
adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
MGNREGA Goals:-
 Strong social safety net for the vulnerable groups by providing a fall-back employment source, when
other employment alternatives are scarce or inadequate
 Growth engine for sustainable development of an agricultural economy. Through the process of
providing employment on works that address causes of chronic poverty such as drought, deforestation
and soil erosion, the Act seeks to strengthen the natural resource base of rural livelihood and create
durable assets in rural areas. Effectively implemented, MGNREGA has the potential to transform the
geography of poverty
 Empowerment of rural poor through the processes of a rights-based Law
 New ways of doing business, as a model of governance reform anchored on the principles of
transparency and grass root democracy Thus, MGNREGA fosters conditions for inclusive growth
ranging from basic wage security and recharging rural economy to a transformative empowerment
process of democracy
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6.  INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA:-
Objective : The Objective of the Indira Awas
Yojana is primarily to help construction/Upgradation
of dwelling units of members of Scheduled
Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and
other below the poverty line non-SC/ST rural
households by providing them a lump sum financial
assistance.
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7.  PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA(PMGSY):-
OBJECTIVES- The primary objective of the PMGSY
is to provide Connectivity, by way of an All-weather
Road (with necessary culverts and cross-drainage
structures, which is operable throughout the year), to the
eligible unconnected Habitations in the rural areas with a
population of 500 persons and above in Plain areas.
‘PMGSY’ SUCCESS STORY-
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8.  ANTYODAYAANNA YOJANA(AAY):-
OBJECTIVES:-Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
is one of the public distribution system
schemes in India implemented from 2000. The
main objective of the scheme is to ensure food
security and to create hunger-freeee India.
FOCUS OF ‘AAY’-After identifying the "poorest of the poor" (the 10,000,000 poorest families
in the Below Poverty Line category) through extensive surveying, the government began
providing them an opportunity to purchase up to 35 kilograms of rice and wheat at a highly
subsidised cost of three rupees per kilogram of rice and two rupees per kilogram of wheat. Poor
families were identified by their respective state rural development facilities through use of
surveys. The scheme has been expanded twice, once in June 2003 and then in August 2004,
adding an additional 5,000,000 BPLfamilies each time and bringing the total number of families
covered up to 20,000,000
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9. INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
(ICDS) SCHEME:-
Objectives:-
 Improvement in the health and nutritional status of children 0–6 years and pregnant
and lactating mothers.
 Reduction in the incidence of their mortality and school drop out
 Provision of a firm foundation for proper psychological, physical and social
development of the child.
 Enhancement of the maternal education and capacity to look after her own health
and nutrition and that of her family
 Effective co-ordination of the policy and implementation among various departments
and programmes aimed to promote child development.
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10.  JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJNA(JAY):-
OBJECTIVES:-The main objective of the yojana was additional gainful
employment for the unemployed and under-employed persons in rural areas. The
other objective was the creation of sustained employment by strengthening rural
economic infrastructure and assets in favour of rural poor for their direct and
continuing benefits.
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11. SAMPOORNA GRAMEEN ROZGARYOJANA
(SGRY):-
OBJECTIVES:- The primary objective of the scheme has been to give supplementary wage
employment to rural labour, thereby providing food security and improving the nutritional levels
in rural areas. The secondary objective of the scheme is the creation of durable community assets
and development of rural infrastructure.
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12.  EMPLOYMENT ASSURANCE SCHEME:-
OBJECTIVES:-As its name suggests, the primary objective of the EAS is to provide
gainful employment during the lean agricultural season in manual work to all able
bodied adults in rural areas who are in need and desirous of work, but cannot find
it. The work may be either on farm or on other allied operations or on the normal
plan/non-plan works during such a period. The secondary objective is the creation
of community, social and economic assets for sustained employment and
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13. THANK YOU!!
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