Unit 3 notes 2
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This document discusses drugs and drug laws. It defines drugs and notes that 50-70% of arrested individuals test positive for drugs. It also links higher drug trade to higher crime rates. The Controlled Substances Act classifies drugs based on medical use, abuse potential, and dependency risk. States have harsh penalties for drug offenders like mandatory minimum sentences and asset forfeiture laws. Common drug charges include possession, possession with intent to sell, trafficking, distribution, and possession of drug paraphernalia.
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This document provides a list of pro bono legal service providers for immigration courts in Honolulu, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, as of the January 2018 revision date, there are no registered pro bono legal organizations for the immigration courts in Honolulu, Hawaii, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands. The document also notes that the Executive Office for Immigration Review maintains this list of qualified pro bono legal service providers as required by regulation, but that it does not endorse or participate in the work of the listed organizations.
Criminal justice and drug offenses
This document discusses illegal drug classification and offenses under criminal justice. It begins by outlining the objectives which include illegal drug classification, drug offenses like prescription drug misuse, scheduling of controlled substances, and treatment programs versus punishment. It then details the federal and state systems for classifying controlled substances into schedules based on their medical use and abuse potential. It also discusses drug possession, drug courts as alternatives to punishment, and compares alcohol and marijuana policies.
Alaska to Legalize Marijuana
Alaska has legalized marijuana use for those over 21, allowing possession of up to 1 ounce and home cultivation of up to 4 ounces, though public use and driving under the influence remain illegal. While the law has passed, regulations for commercial sales have not been implemented. Federally, marijuana remains a Schedule 1 narcotic, though the U.S. Attorney General is cautiously optimistic about future legalization focused on larger crimes than individual use. Alaska is the third state to legalize recreational marijuana after Washington and Colorado.
Underage drinking
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Criminal justice and drug offenses
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Unit 7 notes
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Unit 3 notes 3
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Law unit1notes2
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Unit 6 notes 2
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Unit 10 notes 1
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Unit 12 notes2
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Unit 11 notes
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Unit 3 notes 1
1. There are several ways to find a lawyer, but personal recommendation is best. You can also search online directories which provide general information.
2. It is important to ask about fees upfront, as lawyers may charge hourly rates from $50-$1000, require retainers, or take contingency fees which are usually 30-40% of a settlement.
3. The attorney-client relationship is built on trust, as anything a client tells their lawyer is confidential under attorney-client privilege, along with doctor-patient and priest-church member privileges. A lawyer's job is to provide good legal advice regarding issues like whether to sue or accept offers.
Unit 5 notes 2
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Law unit1notes2b
Criminal laws regulate public conduct and can only be brought by the government against individuals charged with committing crimes. Prosecutors such as District or Assistant District Attorneys represent the state by bringing charges against defendants. Criminal charges can result in jail time, fines, or probation for felonies and misdemeanors. Civil laws regulate relations between individuals and are addressed through lawsuits between two or more parties regarding issues like contracts, negligence, and damages.
Unit 3 notes 3
This document discusses alcohol consumption and laws related to drinking and driving. It provides information on standard drink sizes and their alcohol content. It also discusses how factors like food, weight, gender, and drinking speed can affect a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. Police use BAC levels and field sobriety tests to determine if someone is driving under the influence. Penalties for drinking and driving offenses increase with higher BAC levels and repeat offenses. Underage drinking is also illegal and punishable by fines and jail time.
Law unit1notes2
Voir dire is the jury selection process where lawyers for both sides ask potential jurors questions to identify biases. To serve on a jury, one must be at least 18 years old, a U.S. citizen, able to speak and understand English, a resident of the area where the trial is held, and not a convicted felon. Both the prosecutor and defense attorney must agree on the final jury of 12 members plus 2 alternate jurors, who may replace regular jurors if needed during the trial.
Law unit1notes1
The adversarial court system relies on opposing sides presenting arguments to help the judge or jury determine the truth. In a civil trial, the plaintiff sues the defendant, while in a criminal trial the prosecutor represents the government against the defendant accused of a crime. Jury trials have a jury decide the verdict after being instructed by the judge, while non-jury or bench trials have only the judge decide the verdict. Most cases never go to trial as many criminal defendants accept plea bargains for reduced sentences and many civil cases end in settlements where the plaintiff receives a payment.
Law unit2notes3
The Supreme Court has 9 justices who decide cases by majority rule to avoid ties. Justices are nominated by the president and approved by the Senate, serving lifetime appointments. The Chief Justice leads the Court and important decisions set legal precedents that guide all other US courts. The Court has seen firsts such as the first African American, woman, and Hispanic justices and the 9 current members were appointed by presidents from Reagan to Obama.
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- Temple University student Jenna Burleigh went missing in the early hours of August 31 near campus. She was last seen with former Temple student Joshua Hupperterz around 2am.
- On Saturday, Hupperterz was arrested in Paupack Township in connection with Burleigh's possible homicide. He will be charged with murder.
- Police believe they found Burleigh's body near Scranton on property belonging to Hupperterz's grandmother.
Unit 9 notes
The document discusses legal procedures related to arrests, searches and seizures, and interrogations. It outlines the requirements for arrest warrants and probable cause for arrests. It describes the Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures and the requirements for search warrants. It also discusses the Miranda Rights required to be read to suspects before interrogation to protect against self-incrimination.
Unit 6 notes 2
This document outlines and defines six criminal acts: suicide, assault, battery, stalking, rape, and statutory rape. Suicide is taking one's own life, while assault is any attempt or threat of physical attack and battery is unlawful physical contact without consent. Stalking involves repeatedly following or harassing someone causing them to fear for their safety. Rape is sexual intercourse without consent, and statutory rape involves intercourse between an adult and minor depending on state laws regarding age of consent.
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Unit 10 notes 1
After an arrest, a defendant goes through an initial court appearance where a judge sets bail and may appoint an attorney. While awaiting trial, a defendant can be released after paying bail or on their own recognizance. Some states require a preliminary hearing where the prosecutor must show probable cause that a crime was committed, while other states use a grand jury to issue an indictment. Prior to trial, the defendant and their attorney can file pretrial motions such as requesting more time to prepare, a change of venue, or suppressing certain evidence. At arraignment, the defendant enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.
Unit 12 notes2
Sentencing is the punishment given to those convicted of crimes, and is usually determined by judges. There are several sentencing options including probation, home confinement, fines, restitution, imprisonment, and in some states, capital punishment. When determining a sentence, judges consider aggravating and mitigating circumstances. The main purposes of punishment are retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. Reentry to society after incarceration is difficult and reducing recidivism is a major challenge.
Current event example
Angel Nieves pled guilty to third-degree murder and was sentenced to 25 to 60 years in prison for killing Rafael Del Valle during an attempted robbery at a mini market in North Philadelphia in 2012. Nieves and another man attempted to rob the store but were confronted by the owner, who pulled a gun. Del Valle, an employee, then chased after one of the robbers but was shot by Nieves from behind. Nieves' accomplice's trial is still ongoing.
Unit 11 notes
The document outlines several rights guaranteed by the 5th and 6th Amendments of the US Constitution including: the right against self-incrimination; the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury; the right to confront witnesses; the right to compulsory process to obtain witnesses; and the right to assistance of counsel. It also discusses that the rights apply to criminal prosecutions and trials, with exceptions such as cases arising from the military.
911 timeline
Over several decades, from the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis to attacks in the 2010s, the United States has experienced numerous terrorist attacks and incidents of violence. These include the bombing of the US embassy and marine barracks in Lebanon in 1983, the Pan Am 103 bombing in 1988, the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and the September 11th, 2001 hijacking of four airplanes and attacks on the World Trade Center towers and Pentagon that killed nearly 3,000 people. Subsequent attacks include the 2012 Benghazi consulate attack and hostage executions by ISIS in the mid-2010s.
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Unit 3 notes 1
1. There are several ways to find a lawyer, but personal recommendation is best. You can also search online directories which provide general information.
2. It is important to ask about fees upfront, as lawyers may charge hourly rates from $50-$1000, require retainers, or take contingency fees which are usually 30-40% of a settlement.
3. The attorney-client relationship is built on trust, as anything a client tells their lawyer is confidential under attorney-client privilege, along with doctor-patient and priest-church member privileges. A lawyer's job is to provide good legal advice regarding issues like whether to sue or accept offers.
Unit 5 notes 2
This document defines different roles in criminal acts: a principal directly commits the crime, an accomplice helps the principal, an accessory before the fact helps plan but is not present, and an accessory after the fact helps hide or cover up evidence of the crime. It also defines extortion as obtaining something through threats and solicitation as asking someone to commit or help with a crime.
Bill of rights quiz review
This document contains 10 statements that each violate provisions of the Bill of Rights. It asks to identify which amendment each statement violates and why. Some examples include: statement 2 violates the 5th Amendment's double jeopardy clause by retrying an acquitted defendant; statement 3 violates the 8th Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment with its solitary confinement sentence for 30 years for a DUI; and statement 9 violates the 10th Amendment by eliminating state governments' powers. The document tests knowledge of different rights protected in the Bill of Rights.
911 timeline
Over several decades, from the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis to attacks in the 2010s, the United States has experienced numerous terrorist attacks and incidents of violence. These include the bombing of the US embassy and marine barracks in Lebanon in 1983, the Pan Am 103 bombing in 1988, the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and the September 11th, 2001 hijacking of four airplanes and attacks on the World Trade Center towers and Pentagon that killed nearly 3,000 people. Subsequent attacks include the 2012 Benghazi consulate attack in Libya and hostage executions by ISIS in the mid-2010s.
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2. Know key diagnoses and definitions from the DSM-IV-TR.
3. Be aware of the various co-occurring disorders that are common to substance abusers.
4. Understand the various screening and assessment tools that are used in the treatment of substance abuse disorders.
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This document summarizes several important court cases related to patient rights and involuntary treatment. It discusses the shift from assuming patients had no role in treatment decisions to establishing certain legal rights, including: the right to autonomy and informed consent, and the right to refuse treatment. Key cases discussed include Rogers v. Okin, which established the right to refuse antipsychotic drugs; O'Connor v. Donaldson, which found involuntary hospitalization without danger is unconstitutional; Rennie v. Klein, which affirmed the right to refuse medication; and Washington v. Harper, which permitted forced treatment of dangerous inmates.
Ethics chapter
The document discusses several key legal and ethical issues related to pharmacology and medication administration for nurses. It covers the nurse's responsibilities to understand each medication, adhere to safety procedures like the "5 rights", and report any errors. It also summarizes various US laws governing drug legislation, approval processes, and scheduling of controlled substances.
New Zealand Drug Courts: Driven by ideology or evidence?
Drug Courts and Punitive Populism: An example of policy-based evidence - a paper I delivered in England at British Society of Criminology 2013
Chapter 1 Drug Use And Abuse
The document summarizes key topics related to drug use and abuse, including:
1) It discusses various systems influenced by drug use such as athletic, legal, religious, and more.
2) It defines important terms like pharmacology, psychopharmacology, drug, drug abuse, drug use, and drug effects.
3) It describes different ways drugs can be classified including by origin, therapeutic use, site of action, chemical structure, and mechanism of action.
4) It outlines factors that influence the drug experience including pharmacological properties, drug user characteristics, setting, and more.
Drug Schedules
Effective October 6, 2014, hydrocodone combination products (HCP), such as Vicodin and Lortab, have been reclassified from Schedule III to Schedule II drugs.
Importance of forensic lab in pharmacy
Forensic pharmacy applies pharmaceutical sciences to legal issues. Forensic pharmacists can interpret drug and alcohol levels, estimate intoxication levels at the time of events, and provide expertise in criminal cases involving drugs. They review insurance claims for off-label drug use and can testify whether an unlabeled use is reasonable. Forensic pharmacists also help identify fraud such as falsifying medical records, diverting controlled substances, or submitting fraudulent insurance claims. Their training in pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics makes them valuable experts in legal cases involving drugs, poisoning, and intoxication.
Chapter 3 Drugs & Society
This document summarizes the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major acts like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and amendments that strengthened safety requirements for clinical drug trials and approval processes. Key topics discussed include scheduling of controlled substances, exceptions for fast-tracking new drugs, switching drugs from prescription to over-the-counter status, advertising regulations, and strategies for preventing drug abuse through education, treatment programs, and drug testing.
Drugs & Society Chapter 3
This document summarizes the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major milestones like the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and exceptions for drug approval like orphan drugs and fast-tracking. Key issues discussed are balancing public health with criminalization, determining appropriate drug schedules, and strategies for preventing drug abuse like education, treatment, and drug testing.
Similar to Unit 3 notes 2 (20)
SWK 597 Week 7 criminal justice & drug offenses
SWK 597 Week 7 criminal justice & drug offenses
8 Substance Abuse Counseling and Co-occurring Disorders CHAPTER OB.docx
8 Substance Abuse Counseling and Co-occurring Disorders CHAPTER OB.docx
New Zealand Drug Courts: Driven by ideology or evidence?
New Zealand Drug Courts: Driven by ideology or evidence?
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Urban problems
Overcrowded and unsanitary housing, inadequate transportation systems, and contaminated water supplies were among the major urban problems faced by growing American cities in the late 19th/early 20th century. Solutions to address these issues included establishing standards for ventilation and plumbing in housing, expanding electric streetcar and subway systems, and implementing water filtration and chlorination. Cities also worked to improve sanitation, reduce crime, and limit fire risks by creating sewer lines and sanitation departments, establishing police forces, and requiring fire-resistant building materials along with sprinkler systems.
Law unit2notes3
There are 9 Supreme Court justices who decide cases by majority rule to avoid ties. Justices are nominated by the president and approved by the Senate, serving lifetime appointments. The Chief Justice leads the Court and precedents set by the Supreme Court guide all other US courts. Important firsts include the first African American, woman, and Hispanic justices. The current justices were appointed by presidents from Bush to Trump.
Unit8 notes3
This document summarizes several key events in modern American history between 1992 and 2003, including the Rodney King beating and LA riots, terrorist attacks such as the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, school shootings like Columbine, contested 2000 presidential election, attack on the USS Cole, US invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11, and US invasion of Iraq.
Unit8 notes2
The document summarizes important events that occurred in modern American history from 1980 to 1990. It discusses the US boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. It also outlines Reaganomics, Sandra Day O'Connor becoming the first female Supreme Court justice, the identification of AIDS, and the launch of the "Star Wars" missile defense program under President Reagan. Finally, it summarizes Chernobyl nuclear disaster, the Iran-Contra affair, the Challenger space shuttle explosion, and Nelson Mandela's release from prison in South Africa.
Unit8 notes1
The document provides a summary of important events that occurred in the United States during the 1970s. It describes Cesar Chavez leading the farm workers union movement, the passing of the 26th amendment lowering the voting age, and the Watergate scandal leading to Nixon's resignation. It also mentions the Munich Olympic attacks, Roe v. Wade legalizing abortion, and Hank Aaron breaking Babe Ruth's home run record.
Unit7 notes5
The document summarizes key events of the Vietnam War, including Nixon's Vietnamization policy of withdrawing US troops while increasing bombing, the unpopularity of the war due to massacres like My Lai and protests against the invasion of Cambodia, the leaking of the Pentagon Papers, the last US troops leaving Vietnam in 1973 and Saigon falling to North Vietnam in 1975, and the war's legacy including over 58,000 US troops killed and a loss of faith in the government.
Unit7 notes4
The Tet Offensive of 1968 was a surprise attack by the Vietcong on several South Vietnamese cities during the Lunar New Year celebration. Though the US and South Vietnam won militarily, with over 32,000 Vietcong deaths, the offensive shook public support for the war as it showed the Vietcong was not close to defeat as had been portrayed. This caused US news anchor Walter Cronkite and others to lose confidence in the war, and led President Johnson to decide not to seek re-election. Protests against the war escalated amid rising violence, with the assassinations of MLK and RFK. At the chaotic 1968 Democratic Convention, Richard Nixon was elected after promising to restore order and end the Vietnam War.
Unit7 notes3
The Vietnam War led to the reintroduction of the military draft that required men aged 18 to 26 to register. Many men tried to avoid the draft through medical exemptions, university deferments, or other means. African Americans made up a disproportionate number of combat troops despite representing only 10% of the US population. Around 10,000 women also served in Vietnam mostly as nurses. Opposition movements to the war emerged on college campuses led by groups like Students for a Democratic Society who believed the government and corporations had too much control. Protests against the war increased with events like teach-ins and marches drawing thousands. As the war dragged on, divisions grew between those who opposed withdrawing troops and those who felt the US should
Unit7 notes2
General William Westmoreland led US troops in Vietnam and argued that the Army of Vietnam could not defeat the Vietcong without US support. He pursued a war of attrition to exhaust the enemy through casualties. US forces engaged in search and destroy missions that caused civilian resentment. The Vietcong effectively used guerrilla warfare with small, mobile groups and a network of tunnels, while the US relied on strategies like carpet bombing and Agent Orange spraying that failed to defeat the elusive enemy. As the human and financial costs of the war escalated at home, public support for the war declined due to the contrast between government messages and negative news coverage.
Unit7 notes1
The document summarizes key events in the Vietnam War. It details France's colonial rule over Vietnam until the 1940s when Ho Chi Minh led a revolt for independence. The Vietminh defeated France in 1954, dividing Vietnam along the 17th Parallel. Ngo Dinh Diem came to control South Vietnam but canceled elections to reunify. As communism spread, the US increasingly intervened militarily in the 1960s under presidents Kennedy and Johnson to support South Vietnam and contain communism, leading to extensive bombing and ground troop deployment.
Unit5 notes7
The document outlines several major economic and social reforms that took place during the 1960s as part of President Johnson's "Great Society" agenda, including the passage of tax cut and civil rights bills in 1964, the establishment of Medicare, Medicaid and education programs, and several Supreme Court cases that expanded civil rights and criminal justice protections.
Unit5 notes6
This document summarizes key events during John F. Kennedy's presidency, including early difficulties passing legislation, successes like the Peace Corps and increasing the NASA budget, ongoing issues of poverty and civil rights, and Kennedy's assassination in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald in 1963.
Unit5 notes5
John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960 over Richard Nixon because people felt the US was losing the Cold War and Kennedy appeared cooler in televised debates. The Bay of Pigs invasion, in which the US backed Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro, failed and made Kennedy look weak. In 1961, the Soviet Union built the Berlin Wall to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, when the US discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, brought the world the closest it had been to nuclear war but was resolved through negotiations.
Unit5 notes4
The document discusses several key terms from the 1950s during the Cold War era, including the GI Bill of Rights which provided benefits for veterans, the growth of suburbs as an alternative to overcrowded cities, the Dixiecrats political party formed by Southern Democrats opposed to civil rights, and the 1952 presidential election where Eisenhower defeated Stevenson despite Nixon's controversies. It also mentions the post-war baby boom, Jonas Salk's discovery of the polio vaccine, and the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
Unit5 notes3
During the Cold War period, fear of communism in the US led President Truman to establish a Federal Employee Loyalty Program and the House Un-American Activities Committee to investigate individuals and groups with potential communist ties. The Hollywood 10 were imprisoned for refusing to testify before HUAC, and many others were blacklisted from their careers. Notable spy cases involved Alger Hiss being imprisoned for passing messages to the Soviets and the Rosenbergs being executed for sharing atomic bomb information with the Soviets. Senator Joseph McCarthy further inflamed tensions with unfounded accusations of communist infiltration, though his credibility declined when he bullied army witnesses on television.
Unit5 notes2
The document summarizes key events in China and the Korean War during the Cold War era. In China, the US-backed nationalist government lost a civil war to the communist forces led by Mao Zedong between 1944-1947. Korea was divided at the 38th parallel in 1945 with the Soviet-backed North and US-backed South. The North launched an attack in 1950 that was pushed back by UN forces led by the US. China later joined by fighting for the North, and an armistice was reached in 1953 leaving the peninsula divided along ideological lines.
Unit5 notes1
The Cold War began due to tensions between the US and USSR after WWII. The US was angry with Stalin for breaking promises made at Yalta and keeping the atomic bomb secret. The USSR wanted to spread communism while the US sought to contain it and give countries self-determination. This led to Europe being divided with an "Iron Curtain" between the Western democratic countries and Eastern bloc nations controlled by the Soviet Union. Germany was split into the capitalist West Germany and communist East Germany allied with the USSR.
Unit4 notes4
The document summarizes key events and changes in the United States during and after World War II. It discusses the Yalta Conference where Stalin, Churchill and FDR met to decide the fate of Germany after the war. It also describes the Nuremberg Trials where Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes and the US occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952 where the US helped reform Japan. Additionally, it outlines changes in the US economy and society during this period such as increased jobs, migration patterns, the GI Bill and racial tensions that erupted in riots.
Unit4 notes3
This document summarizes key events in the US involvement in World War II against Japan in the Pacific theater. It describes major battles such as Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, and Leyte Gulf, where the US halted Japan's expansion and began to take back islands. It also discusses the bloody battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa as the US moved towards invading Japan. Finally, it covers the Manhattan Project and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, which ultimately led Emperor Hirohito to surrender and end the war.
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Unit 3 notes 2
- 2. Drugs- a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body. 50-70% of people taken into custody test positive for drugs Higher drug trade = higher the crime rate Possession, distribution, or sale violates federal and/or state laws
- 3. Controlled Substances Act- Federal Drug Law that classifies drugs into categories: Medical Use Potential for abuse Lead to severe psychological/physical dependency
- 4. States have harsh penalties for drug offenders Mandatory sentences- Prison time that is not negotiable Some states have forfeiture laws- state can seize property/bank accounts acquired through money made on the drug trade Some dealers try to make money legitimately through money laundering
- 5. Drug Charges: 1. Possession- Having illegal substances and/or substances used to manufacture or cultivate drugs
- 6. 2. Possession with Intent to Sell- Having a large amount (felony). Police do not have to prove that the defendant was going to sell the drugs; it is simply the amount
- 7. 3. Trafficking- Transporting drugs into the US or across state lines
- 8. 4. Distributing- A situation in which a drug manufacturer sells narcotics to a retailer or wholesaler, which then sells the drugs to other groups or individuals
- 9. 5. Paraphernalia- Any equipment, product, or material that is modified for making, using, or concealing drugs Two categories: User specific products and dealer specific products