RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that uses radio waves to identify objects and people. There are three main types of RFID tags: passive tags, which don't require a power source; semi-passive tags, which require a power source to read long distances; and active tags, which have their own power source and longer life span. RFID systems are used in many situations, such as for public transportation payment cards in Moscow and London, electronic toll collection systems for vehicles in Japan and other countries, and to track books in libraries.