This document discusses the use of "be going to" and "will" to express future actions and plans in English. It provides the structures for forming affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences with "be going to" and "will" along with examples of their uses. "Be going to" expresses plans or intentions for the near future, while "will" is used to make predictions or express willingness without a specific plan. The structures covered include subject + be (am/are/is) + going to + infinitive and subject + will/shall + infinitive.

2. Be going to

3. Be going to
Going to is not a tense. It is a special structure that we use to talk about the future.
Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate future or an action in the
near future that has already been planned or prepared.
We use the going to-future:
1. planned actions in the future
We are going to sing at the party.
They are going to fly to South Africa.
2. You are certain that something is going to happen in the future.
Look at that car! It is going to crash into the yellow one.
3. For intention
Jo has won the lottery. He says he's going to buy a Porsche.
We're not going to paint our bedroom tomorrow.
When are you going to go on holiday?

5. Affirmative form
Subject (I, You, He, etc.) + to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive verb (i.e.
play, speak, travel) + complement.
Examples:
I'm going to the party tonight.
Mary is going to have a baby.
it's going to rain today.
Tony is going to wash the dishes tonight.
Lucas is going to spend his vacation in Aruba.
I'm going to be an actor whe I grow up.

6. Negative form
Subject (I, You, He, etc.) + to be (am, are, is) + not + going to + infinitive verb
(i.e. play, speak, travel) + complement.
Examples:
I'm not going to the party tonight.
Billy isn't going to study today.
You are not going to meet jane tonight.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawai.
Negative - long form: I am not going to meet Jack.
Negative - short : I'm not going to meet a Jack..

7. Structure

8. Interrogative form
Yes/No questions form
To be (am, are, is) + Subject (I, You, He, etc.) + going to + infinitive verb (i.e.
play, speak, travel) + complement+?
Examples:
Are Ellen and Harry going to watch TV tonight?
Are we going to the dentist's next week?
Is she going to have a party for her birthday?
Am I going to eat that cake?
Is Bill going to wear a suit to the wedding?

10. Interrogative form
Wh- questions form
Wh (What, Where, Why etc.) + To be (am, are, is) + Subject (I, You, He etc.) +
going to + infinitive verb (i.e. play, speak, travel) + complement+?
Examples:
What is she going to do on Sunday?
When are you going to clean your bedroom?
When is she going to iron her clothes?
What are you going to do tomorrow?
Why are they going to buy their house?

12. Future
plans

14. Will

15. Use of Will
We use “will” to say what we expect to happend. We use it when
there is no particular plan or intention. Also “will” is used to make
promises, rapid decisions and predictions.
The weather will be lovely in June ( this is what I expect)
Will there be a lot of people? (what do you expect?)

16. Predictions
Promises
Decisions

17. Affirmative form
How do we form the will-future?
We form the will-future with the auxiliary will and the infinitive of the verb.
We use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject.
In British English we sometimes use shall instead of will for the first persons (I/we).
Subject + will + infinitive + complement.
I will go to the cinema tonight.
He will play tennis tomorrow.
She will be happy with her exam results.
They will take the bus to the South next week.

18. Negative form
In the negative, we add NOT to the end of WILL and not to the main verb. (= will not)
Subject + will + NOT + infinitive + complement.
Examples:
I will not be in the office tomorrow.
They will not stay here.

19. Interrogative form
Interrogative sentences in the simple future tense have the following structure:
Will/shall + Subject + infinitive + complement?
Will she write a letter?
Shall I help you in this matter?
Will he continue his studies?
Shall we go out for a walk in the morning?
Will she sing a song?
Will they wait for us?
Shall is only used for future time
reference with I and we, and is
more formal than will.