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Unidad 1 parte 1
- 1. UNIT 1 THESTONE AGE
- 2. • It isthe dicipline that studies the past of human beings. A person who writes history is called historian. History helps us to understand more about ourselves. It tells us where we come from, and explains our culture and traditions.
- 3. When we talkabout the past we need to say when things happened. Our calendar starts with the birth of Christ in year 1. We count backwards from his birth to say things that happened before Christ was born. For things that happened before Christ was born, we add BC to the number For things that happened after Christ we add AD (AnnoDomini) Attention If the date doesn´t say AD or BC, it is always AD
- 4. NOW Timeline | 500B.C | | | | Birth of Christ B.C A.D 1000 A.D 2013 A.D 300 A.D 1000 B.C 100 B.C | OLDER NEWER
- 5. Grouping dates Historianslike to put events that happened at around the same time into groups: Decade: 10 years Century 100 years Millenium 1000 years An era or age is a long period of time but isn´t a particular number of years Talking about dates To say a year we normally split it into two numbers Example: 1492 Fourteen ninety-two
- 6. To study thepast it is necessary to observe, interpret and read the remains that human beings have left. These remains are the sources that historians study to reconstruct the history. A source is anything that gives us information about the past. Not written • Monuments • Buildings • Human or physical remains • Tools • Oral testimonies • Photographs • Art Written • Newspapers • Books • Documents( letters, treaties..) • Inscriptions • Coins
- 9. Prehistory: -Starts with the appearance of the first human beings - Ends with the invention of writing around 3500 BC -It is divided into stages: Palaeolithic Age Neolithic Age Metal Age History - Starts with the invention of writing and leads up to present time - It is divided into four stages: Ancient history : goes up to the fall of the Roman Empire The Middle Ages: goes up to the discovery of America The Modern Age: goes up to the French Revolution The Contemporary Age: is the age in which we live.
- 10. DEFINITION: Long periodof time that starts with the appearance of the first human beings ( 4 million?? years ago) and ended with the invention of writing around 3000 BC. The only data we have about Prehistory are obtained through archaeology and art. It is divided into stages THE STONE AGE Palaeolithic 4 million B.C to 10.000 B.C Neolithic THE METAL AGE 10ooo B.C -3500 BC Copper Age Bronze Age Iron Age
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- 12. 2. ORIGIN ANDEVOLUTION OF HUMAN BEINGS Characteristics that distinguish hominids from apes are: More developed brain: think, speak, make tools Bipedalism: long legs, shorter arms, curve spine Cranial Changes: chin, vertical forehead, smaller jaw and teeth Changes in hands: opposable thumb
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- 17. Which of thesehominids used tools? Which of these hominids knew about fire?
- 18. AUSTRALOPITHECUS Brain notvery developed- small Biped-erect walk but still climbed trees They used tools but did not make them Location: Africa
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- 21. Autralopithecus footprints Videos:climb down from trees
- 22. HOMO HABILIS •Small brain, but bigger than Australopithecus • Biped- better adapted to walking upright • First hominid to make tool- very simple • Location: Africa
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- 24. HOMO ERECTUS Biggerbrain Made fire and more developed tools Bifaces. Wore animal hides Location: Africa- Asia
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- 26. •Bigger Brain •Mixof physical features: Some similar to humans ( fine jaw) and other from an older time ( protruding eyebrows) •More developed tools •Location: Europe Atapuerca Burgos HOMO ANTECESSOR
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- 28. Bigger Brain- similarto our brain Strong complexion Big face, protruding eyebrow, sunken forehead, No chin Buried their dead Location: Africa, Europe , Asia HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS
- 31. HOMO SAPIENS Sphericalskull, straight forehead Prominent chin Developed intelligence Tools made of stone, bone and animal horns Art Location: all the continents
- 34. 3. LIFE INTHE PALEOLITHIC AGE : Economy and society Climate There were very cold periods and milder periods Food They were predators: they live from hunting, fishing and gathering Where did the live? They were nomads and lived in caves or shelters. They lived in groups: hordes tribe Society There was a hierarchy: some people were more important Task were shared: women and men had different tasks. Beliefs They had religious beliefs: -buried their dead -deified forces of nature
- 35. 3. LIFE INTHE PALEOLITHIC AGE : Skills • First: they didn´t know how to make tools , so they used stones and sticks • Later: they made very simple tools hitting one stone against another . Tools: Bifaces: (stone axes) and chips Working with stone • First: they didn't know how to make fire. They got it from nature. • Later: They learnt to make it hitting stones • rubbing two sticks • Important for cooking, light, heat, chasing away or trapping animals Making and controlling fire • Hides were used as: clothes, shoes, bags,, to sleep on, vessels… • It was important to look after them to keep them flexible. Animal hides
- 36. HOW TO MAKEA TOOL
- 37. harpoon needles Arrowheads knives drill
- 38. 3. LIFE INTHE PALEOLITHIC AGE : Art Where did they paint? Why did they paint? 2 theories: 1-They would be able to hunt them( magic effects) 2.They wanted to paint what they had seen ( a way of entertainment) Characteristics: 1.Painted individually ´2. Realistic paintings Examples: Altamira cave ( Cantabria) Lascaux cave ( Francia) 3. They used: fingers, brushes 4.Painted on protruding rocks to give impression of relief. Walls Ceilings a) CAVE PAINTINGS
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- 44. b) PORTABLE ART PORTABLE ART VENUS STATUES Symbols of fertility Feminine features very exaggerated Made of: Ivory Stone Bone Examples: Willendorf Venus BATONS Pieces of bone or horn Shape: head of a horse or deer
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