Unicode basics in python
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This document discusses Unicode encoding in Python. It covers Unicode history and terms like code points, BOM, UTF-8 and UTF-16. It explains how Python handles encoding and decoding strings, and the modules like chardet and codecs that can help work with Unicode. Django's smart_text and force_text functions are also mentioned for handling Unicode strings. Examples are provided of encoding and decoding strings in Python.
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- 2. We Cover these now ● Unicode history ● terms clarity (code point,BOM,utf-8,utf-16) ● decoding and encoding in python ● how django handles these? ● helpful python modules to tackle it Note: BOM is used in utf-16.since, it has multi bytes character code point
- 3. How it came? Americans came up with (7 bit)ASCII representation with english only alphabets as a standard to exchange information.(‘A’ - 65, ’a’ - 97) Rest of the world came up with their unaccented english characters ('ä', )in their own way.(messed up)
- 4. What causes unicode born? To exchange information in all languages, we got some requirements ● Unique and simple rule was needed ● Adoptable across all machines(windows,ibm, etc..) ● Efficient storage as much possible
- 5. Unicode Unicode = UCS(universal character set) + bit representation logic UCS: character + code point (‘a’, 97) bit representation: BOM = Big endian (or) Little endian 00 48 00 65 00 6C 00 6C 00 6F (or) 48 00 65 00 6C
- 6. utf-8 is famous, because ● multi-byte encoding ● variable width encoding ● upto 4 byte code points are allowed by utf-8 ● mostly, No need BOM(8 bits) ● memory efficient How? for NON-ASCII bytes, 1st byte is reserved to indicate the no of bytes the char is using(eg.compression)
- 7. decoding Character to Numeric value(code point) conversion ● from <type 'str'> to <type 'unicode'> ● it throws maximum “UnicodeDecodeError:” (samples demo)
- 8. encoding ● Numeric value(code point) to Characters ● from <type 'unicode'> to <type 'str'> ● it throws maximum “UnicodeEncodeError:” (samples demo)
- 9. Rules to Remember… ● Decode early, Unicode everywhere, Encode late ● UTF-8 is the best guess for an encoding ● chardet.detect() ========================== in Python 3 this is solved… ● <type 'str'> is a Unicode object
- 10. How django handles? >>> def to_unicode( ... obj, encoding='utf-8'): ... if isinstance(obj, basestring): ... if not isinstance(obj, unicode): ... obj = unicode(obj, encoding) ... return obj smart_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict') force_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict') smart_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8',
- 11. How to set your python default encoding standard? import sys >>>reload(sys) >>>sys.setdefaultencoding(‘utf-8’) >>>sys.getdefaultencoding >>>’utf-8’ (or) # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- (tell to python you saved <mod_name.py> in utf-8)
- 12. Related python modules.. ● chardet.detect() ● unicodedata ● codecs
- 13. Thanks for your time Post your questions.
- 14. samples demo….
- 15. screenshot2