This document provides evidence-based recommendations for managing unexplained infertility. It discusses various treatment options including expectant management, oral agents with or without IUI, gonadotropins with IUI, and IVF. The key recommendations are that IUI in natural cycles or with oral agents is no more effective than expectant management. Gonadotropins with IUI can be offered but carries a higher risk of multiple pregnancy. IVF demonstrates superior pregnancy rates compared to other options and should be offered after failed ovarian stimulation cycles. Immediate IVF is recommended for women over 38 years old with unexplained infertility.
This document provides guidelines for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) compared to double embryo transfer (DET) following in vitro fertilization (IVF). It finds that while the cumulative live birth rate is lower for eSET than DET, eSET significantly reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies. The guidelines recommend eSET for good prognosis patients aged 35 or younger in their first or second IVF attempt with at least 2 good quality embryos. This is intended to minimize twin pregnancies while maintaining acceptable live birth rates overall.
The document is a lecture on the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility according to 2022 ESHRE guidelines. It discusses various treatment options including medical treatment with hormonal therapies, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and fertility preservation. Key recommendations include that ovarian suppression should not be used to improve fertility. Surgery and ART may be considered depending on the stage of endometriosis and patient factors. Extensive counseling is recommended when discussing fertility preservation options.
Selection of an embryo from a large number of embryos and then placing it to the uterus is known as selective embryo transfer. This fertility preservation process is usually done after the process of IVF cycle and cancels the risks of spontaneous transfer of multiple embryos. Have a look at the detailed description of elective single embryo transfer in the following ppt.
This document discusses poor responders in IVF treatment. It defines poor responders based on the Bologna criteria as women aged 40 or older, or with another risk factor, who have produced 3 or fewer oocytes in a conventional stimulation protocol or have an abnormal ovarian reserve test. The document discusses using lower gonadotropin doses (150-450 IU) for poor responders to reduce risks while still achieving pregnancy. It also analyzes the use of long agonist versus antagonist protocols, finding the long agonist protocol may increase maturity and lower cancellation rates for expected poor responders. Finally, it presents a study showing double stimulation protocols over 4 weeks can produce twice as many oocytes and blastocysts for poor
This document discusses complications that can arise during ART (assisted reproductive technology) and pregnancies resulting from ART. It describes common complications at different stages of ART like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, preterm births and multiple pregnancies. It also discusses risks of maternal conditions like preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Further, it outlines fetal risks such as molar pregnancies, low birth weight, prematurity from multiple pregnancies and increased risks of congenital abnormalities. The document provides recommendations to help prevent complications and improve ART outcomes.
This document summarizes several adjunct techniques used in IVF laboratories including sperm DNA fragmentation testing, advanced sperm selection methods like IMSI and pICSI, embryo selection techniques like time-lapse imaging and PGS, and mitochondrial DNA load measurement. It reviews the current evidence for each technique, noting that while some like TL imaging show promise, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive for many techniques to recommend their routine use to improve IVF outcomes. Larger randomized controlled trials are still needed to prove effectiveness.
This document provides biographical information about Dr. Narendra Malhotra, an obstetrician and gynecologist from India. It lists his professional roles and accomplishments, which include being president of FOGSI, dean of ICMU, director of the Ian Donald School of Ultrasound, and editor of several medical books and journals. It also provides contact information for Malhotra Hospitals in Agra, India, where Dr. Malhotra practices and serves as a consultant for IVF procedures in several other cities.
This document discusses endometriosis and its impact on fertility and IVF outcomes. It provides information on diagnosing and treating endometriosis, including:
- Laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis. Surgical excision of endometriomas and deep endometriosis can improve pain and fertility outcomes.
- For subfertility, treatment depends on factors like disease severity, pain levels, and reproductive plans. IVF is an option if conservative treatments fail.
- Studies show endometriosis may reduce ovarian response and increase IVF cancellation rates. However, it does not significantly impact live birth, pregnancy, or miscarriage rates compared to other infertility factors
This document provides guidelines for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) compared to double embryo transfer (DET) following in vitro fertilization (IVF). It finds that while the cumulative live birth rate is lower for eSET than DET, eSET significantly reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies. The guidelines recommend eSET for good prognosis patients aged 35 or younger in their first or second IVF attempt with at least 2 good quality embryos. This is intended to minimize twin pregnancies while maintaining acceptable live birth rates overall.
The document is a lecture on the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility according to 2022 ESHRE guidelines. It discusses various treatment options including medical treatment with hormonal therapies, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and fertility preservation. Key recommendations include that ovarian suppression should not be used to improve fertility. Surgery and ART may be considered depending on the stage of endometriosis and patient factors. Extensive counseling is recommended when discussing fertility preservation options.
Selection of an embryo from a large number of embryos and then placing it to the uterus is known as selective embryo transfer. This fertility preservation process is usually done after the process of IVF cycle and cancels the risks of spontaneous transfer of multiple embryos. Have a look at the detailed description of elective single embryo transfer in the following ppt.
This document discusses poor responders in IVF treatment. It defines poor responders based on the Bologna criteria as women aged 40 or older, or with another risk factor, who have produced 3 or fewer oocytes in a conventional stimulation protocol or have an abnormal ovarian reserve test. The document discusses using lower gonadotropin doses (150-450 IU) for poor responders to reduce risks while still achieving pregnancy. It also analyzes the use of long agonist versus antagonist protocols, finding the long agonist protocol may increase maturity and lower cancellation rates for expected poor responders. Finally, it presents a study showing double stimulation protocols over 4 weeks can produce twice as many oocytes and blastocysts for poor
This document discusses complications that can arise during ART (assisted reproductive technology) and pregnancies resulting from ART. It describes common complications at different stages of ART like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, preterm births and multiple pregnancies. It also discusses risks of maternal conditions like preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Further, it outlines fetal risks such as molar pregnancies, low birth weight, prematurity from multiple pregnancies and increased risks of congenital abnormalities. The document provides recommendations to help prevent complications and improve ART outcomes.
This document summarizes several adjunct techniques used in IVF laboratories including sperm DNA fragmentation testing, advanced sperm selection methods like IMSI and pICSI, embryo selection techniques like time-lapse imaging and PGS, and mitochondrial DNA load measurement. It reviews the current evidence for each technique, noting that while some like TL imaging show promise, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive for many techniques to recommend their routine use to improve IVF outcomes. Larger randomized controlled trials are still needed to prove effectiveness.
This document provides biographical information about Dr. Narendra Malhotra, an obstetrician and gynecologist from India. It lists his professional roles and accomplishments, which include being president of FOGSI, dean of ICMU, director of the Ian Donald School of Ultrasound, and editor of several medical books and journals. It also provides contact information for Malhotra Hospitals in Agra, India, where Dr. Malhotra practices and serves as a consultant for IVF procedures in several other cities.
This document discusses endometriosis and its impact on fertility and IVF outcomes. It provides information on diagnosing and treating endometriosis, including:
- Laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis. Surgical excision of endometriomas and deep endometriosis can improve pain and fertility outcomes.
- For subfertility, treatment depends on factors like disease severity, pain levels, and reproductive plans. IVF is an option if conservative treatments fail.
- Studies show endometriosis may reduce ovarian response and increase IVF cancellation rates. However, it does not significantly impact live birth, pregnancy, or miscarriage rates compared to other infertility factors
This document discusses various ovulation induction protocols including:
- Clomiphene citrate is commonly used as a first line treatment but some women are clomiphene resistant.
- Gonadotropins like hMG can cause multifollicular development and increase risks of complications like OHSS.
- A novel protocol uses a combination of hMG for several days followed by clomiphene to promote monofollicular development while reducing risks of complications. Initial studies found this protocol increased follicle recruitment over hMG alone without increasing LH levels or risks.
The document discusses endometrial receptivity and factors that affect implantation success during IVF. It notes that the main causes of IVF failure are poor embryo quality and inadequate endometrial receptivity. The window of implantation is a critical period of 4-5 days when the endometrium is optimally receptive. Ovarian hyperstimulation and advanced maternal age can negatively impact endometrial development and closure of the implantation window. Various biomarkers and imaging techniques are used to assess receptivity, including integrins, pinopodes, and endometrial thickness and vascularity on ultrasound. Optimizing receptivity is important to improve IVF outcomes.
Time lapse observation of embryos through incubation allows continuous monitoring of development from fertilization. This non-invasive technique creates a developmental timeline used to assess embryo health and select the best embryo for transfer based on adherence to normal timing of cleavages and divisions. Precise timing data of early embryonic events like pronuclear fading and cell divisions correlates with implantation potential, with substantial deviations linked to lower success rates. Abnormal cell patterns or asynchronous cell cycles seen through time lapse also indicate higher risk of aneuploidy.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome(OHSS), is a Rare iatrogenic complication of ovarian stimulation occurring during the luteal phase or during early pregnancy where a patient's ovaries become swollen and fluid builds up around her abdomen
Management of thin endometrium isar 2019Poonam Loomba
This document discusses strategies for managing a thin endometrium. It begins by providing background on endometrial anatomy and physiology. It then discusses the rise of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in India. Common causes of a thin endometrium are described, including iatrogenic injuries, infections, low estrogen levels, and inadequate blood flow. A variety of treatment strategies are discussed, such as hormonal adjustments, medications like pentoxifylline and tocopherol, acupuncture, L-arginine, and more recently investigated options like vaginal sildenafil, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and endometrial scratch. Specific studies investigating treatments like extended estrogen administration, tamox
Why we need to predict?
Hormone defects may cause severe neurological, metabolic or cardiovascular consequences and lead to the early onset of osteoporosis
Psychological Depression
Low levels of self esteem and Life satisfaction
Sexual Dysfunction
Role of hysteroscopy in Infertility, Dr Rajesh GajbhiyeRajesh Gajbhiye
Hysteroscopy plays an important role in the evaluation and treatment of intrauterine abnormalities found in infertile women. Diagnostic hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing conditions like submucous fibroids, uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions, and endometrial polyps that are common in infertile patients. Surgical treatment of these abnormalities by hysteroscopy has been shown to improve pregnancy rates compared to diagnostic hysteroscopy alone. Additionally, performing hysteroscopy before IVF treatment or endometrial scratching prior to a cycle has been associated with higher success rates, though more research is still needed to confirm these findings.
IUI remains an effective treatment option for certain fertility issues like unexplained infertility, mild male factor infertility, and infertility due to cervical factors. Stimulated IUI cycles have higher success rates than natural cycles. Optimal timing of IUI is 36-40 hours after hCG administration. IUI can be considered for poor responders to IVF as an alternative to cancellation. Success rates of IUI decline significantly after age 40. IUI may not be as effective as IVF for cases involving distal unilateral tubal blockage or hydrosalpinx. Strict protocols should be followed when performing IUI for HIV discordant couples.
This document discusses trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) versus elective repeat cesarean section for women with a prior cesarean delivery. It notes that 60-80% of women who attempt TOLAC will have a successful vaginal birth. The risks of TOLAC include uterine rupture, failed trial of labor requiring emergency cesarean, and slightly increased risk of complications for the baby. The risks of elective repeat cesarean include increased risks for placenta problems and complications in future pregnancies. The document provides an overview of the risks, benefits, and success rates to help women decide which option is safest for their individual situation.
MALE INFERTILITY : CRITICAL REVIEW OF Assessment & treatment in India & Way...Lifecare Centre
This document discusses male infertility, including its assessment and treatment in India. It notes that male factor infertility accounts for about 50% of infertility cases in India. While gynaecologists play an important role in evaluating couples for infertility, many lack expertise in male infertility. The document outlines key areas of male infertility evaluation including semen analysis, sperm function tests, hormonal and genetic testing, and treatments such as antioxidants and IUI for mild male factor cases. It emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and timely referral to infertility specialists for optimal management of male infertility.
The document discusses factors that affect success rates of assisted reproductive technology (ART). It identifies several factors related to the couple, treatment techniques, and IVF centers. Key factors discussed include age, ovarian reserve, number of previous treatment cycles, cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors like smoking. The document also examines stimulation protocols, oocyte retrieval techniques, and the role of the laboratory in contributing to ART success rates.
This document summarizes guidelines and research on elective egg freezing without medical reasons (social egg freezing). It finds that the optimal timing is before age 35, with a minimum of 8-10 eggs frozen. The procedure is considered safe but carries risks associated with ovarian stimulation and pregnancy at an advanced age. The usage rate of frozen eggs is low at around 12%. Cost-effectiveness is limited by low usage rates and a lack of data supporting freezing eggs solely to delay childbearing. In conclusion, social egg freezing can preserve fertility but does not guarantee future children and has limitations in cost-effectiveness analysis.
the objective is to clarify the problem of recurrent implantation failure , regarding the definition, the caused, diagnosis, and management in cases of IVF
Ovulation Stimulation Protocols for IUI - Dr Dhorepatil BharatiBharati Dhorepatil
What are important factors to be considered important
Ovarian reserve
Previous ovarian response
Basic hormone profile
Role of LH
Trigger
Luteal phase support
Pregnancy rate/cycle
all the informations taken from Sperrof 8th edition
all the informations are upto date
especially designed for MD MS student in Obstetrics and gynaecology doing their Residency
The document discusses the definition and management of poor ovarian response. Poor response is generally defined as women with low ovarian reserve or a poor response to ovarian stimulation. As women age, their ovarian reserve declines resulting in fewer remaining eggs. The infertility specialist aims to assess biological age by measuring remaining egg count. Treatment options discussed include clomiphene citrate, letrozole, metformin, gonadotropins, ovarian drilling, and various IVF protocols tailored for poor responders. No single treatment guarantees success, and expectations must be managed through counseling.
This document discusses mild ovarian stimulation protocols for ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It outlines important factors to consider like ovarian reserve, previous response, and hormone profiles. It compares protocols using clomiphene citrate, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropins alone or in combination to induce ovulation of 1-3 follicles. Premature luteinization during ovarian stimulation is also discussed. The document aims to develop cost-effective low-dose IVF procedures suitable for developing countries like India.
Is ultrasound monitoring alone enough in ART cycle?Aboubakr Elnashar
Ultrasound monitoring alone may be enough for ART cycles according to some studies. The document discusses methods of monitoring ART cycles including ultrasound and hormonal monitoring. It outlines objectives of monitoring such as predicting ovarian response, monitoring pituitary suppression, evaluating gonadotropin dose, preventing OHSS, and optimal hCG timing. Literature review finds that ultrasound alone provides adequate information in normal responders and equivalence to combined monitoring in outcomes and OHSS risk. However, hormonal monitoring may provide added information for high responders or OHSS risk.
This document discusses types of fibroids and their impact on fertility. It describes 3 main types of fibroids - submucosal, intramural, and subserosal - and provides details on their classification systems. The document also summarizes several mechanisms by which fibroids can affect fertility, including effects on fertilization and implantation. It reviews findings on the relationship between fibroid characteristics like location, size, and number and fertility outcomes like pregnancy rates. The document concludes by outlining treatment options for fibroids impacting fertility, including expectant management, medical therapies, and various surgical approaches.
ESHRE Guideline on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta invited to deliver a lecture on "RPL- ESHRE Guideline" in the Annual Conference of RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) IRC (International Representative Committee) India East held on 20-21 May, 2023
Unexplained infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year despite routine investigations showing no abnormalities. While the causes are uncertain, treatments aim to increase monthly pregnancy rates and include expectant management, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, IUI, IVF, and lifestyle changes. Couples with unexplained infertility have higher risks of obstetric complications and should follow a progressive treatment plan based on factors like duration of infertility and age.
Unexplained infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year despite routine investigations showing no abnormalities. While the causes are uncertain, treatments aim to increase monthly pregnancy rates and include expectant management, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, IUI, IVF, and lifestyle changes. Couples with unexplained infertility have higher risks of obstetric complications and should follow a progressive treatment plan based on factors like duration of infertility and age.
This document discusses various ovulation induction protocols including:
- Clomiphene citrate is commonly used as a first line treatment but some women are clomiphene resistant.
- Gonadotropins like hMG can cause multifollicular development and increase risks of complications like OHSS.
- A novel protocol uses a combination of hMG for several days followed by clomiphene to promote monofollicular development while reducing risks of complications. Initial studies found this protocol increased follicle recruitment over hMG alone without increasing LH levels or risks.
The document discusses endometrial receptivity and factors that affect implantation success during IVF. It notes that the main causes of IVF failure are poor embryo quality and inadequate endometrial receptivity. The window of implantation is a critical period of 4-5 days when the endometrium is optimally receptive. Ovarian hyperstimulation and advanced maternal age can negatively impact endometrial development and closure of the implantation window. Various biomarkers and imaging techniques are used to assess receptivity, including integrins, pinopodes, and endometrial thickness and vascularity on ultrasound. Optimizing receptivity is important to improve IVF outcomes.
Time lapse observation of embryos through incubation allows continuous monitoring of development from fertilization. This non-invasive technique creates a developmental timeline used to assess embryo health and select the best embryo for transfer based on adherence to normal timing of cleavages and divisions. Precise timing data of early embryonic events like pronuclear fading and cell divisions correlates with implantation potential, with substantial deviations linked to lower success rates. Abnormal cell patterns or asynchronous cell cycles seen through time lapse also indicate higher risk of aneuploidy.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome(OHSS), is a Rare iatrogenic complication of ovarian stimulation occurring during the luteal phase or during early pregnancy where a patient's ovaries become swollen and fluid builds up around her abdomen
Management of thin endometrium isar 2019Poonam Loomba
This document discusses strategies for managing a thin endometrium. It begins by providing background on endometrial anatomy and physiology. It then discusses the rise of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in India. Common causes of a thin endometrium are described, including iatrogenic injuries, infections, low estrogen levels, and inadequate blood flow. A variety of treatment strategies are discussed, such as hormonal adjustments, medications like pentoxifylline and tocopherol, acupuncture, L-arginine, and more recently investigated options like vaginal sildenafil, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and endometrial scratch. Specific studies investigating treatments like extended estrogen administration, tamox
Why we need to predict?
Hormone defects may cause severe neurological, metabolic or cardiovascular consequences and lead to the early onset of osteoporosis
Psychological Depression
Low levels of self esteem and Life satisfaction
Sexual Dysfunction
Role of hysteroscopy in Infertility, Dr Rajesh GajbhiyeRajesh Gajbhiye
Hysteroscopy plays an important role in the evaluation and treatment of intrauterine abnormalities found in infertile women. Diagnostic hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing conditions like submucous fibroids, uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions, and endometrial polyps that are common in infertile patients. Surgical treatment of these abnormalities by hysteroscopy has been shown to improve pregnancy rates compared to diagnostic hysteroscopy alone. Additionally, performing hysteroscopy before IVF treatment or endometrial scratching prior to a cycle has been associated with higher success rates, though more research is still needed to confirm these findings.
IUI remains an effective treatment option for certain fertility issues like unexplained infertility, mild male factor infertility, and infertility due to cervical factors. Stimulated IUI cycles have higher success rates than natural cycles. Optimal timing of IUI is 36-40 hours after hCG administration. IUI can be considered for poor responders to IVF as an alternative to cancellation. Success rates of IUI decline significantly after age 40. IUI may not be as effective as IVF for cases involving distal unilateral tubal blockage or hydrosalpinx. Strict protocols should be followed when performing IUI for HIV discordant couples.
This document discusses trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) versus elective repeat cesarean section for women with a prior cesarean delivery. It notes that 60-80% of women who attempt TOLAC will have a successful vaginal birth. The risks of TOLAC include uterine rupture, failed trial of labor requiring emergency cesarean, and slightly increased risk of complications for the baby. The risks of elective repeat cesarean include increased risks for placenta problems and complications in future pregnancies. The document provides an overview of the risks, benefits, and success rates to help women decide which option is safest for their individual situation.
MALE INFERTILITY : CRITICAL REVIEW OF Assessment & treatment in India & Way...Lifecare Centre
This document discusses male infertility, including its assessment and treatment in India. It notes that male factor infertility accounts for about 50% of infertility cases in India. While gynaecologists play an important role in evaluating couples for infertility, many lack expertise in male infertility. The document outlines key areas of male infertility evaluation including semen analysis, sperm function tests, hormonal and genetic testing, and treatments such as antioxidants and IUI for mild male factor cases. It emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and timely referral to infertility specialists for optimal management of male infertility.
The document discusses factors that affect success rates of assisted reproductive technology (ART). It identifies several factors related to the couple, treatment techniques, and IVF centers. Key factors discussed include age, ovarian reserve, number of previous treatment cycles, cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors like smoking. The document also examines stimulation protocols, oocyte retrieval techniques, and the role of the laboratory in contributing to ART success rates.
This document summarizes guidelines and research on elective egg freezing without medical reasons (social egg freezing). It finds that the optimal timing is before age 35, with a minimum of 8-10 eggs frozen. The procedure is considered safe but carries risks associated with ovarian stimulation and pregnancy at an advanced age. The usage rate of frozen eggs is low at around 12%. Cost-effectiveness is limited by low usage rates and a lack of data supporting freezing eggs solely to delay childbearing. In conclusion, social egg freezing can preserve fertility but does not guarantee future children and has limitations in cost-effectiveness analysis.
the objective is to clarify the problem of recurrent implantation failure , regarding the definition, the caused, diagnosis, and management in cases of IVF
Ovulation Stimulation Protocols for IUI - Dr Dhorepatil BharatiBharati Dhorepatil
What are important factors to be considered important
Ovarian reserve
Previous ovarian response
Basic hormone profile
Role of LH
Trigger
Luteal phase support
Pregnancy rate/cycle
all the informations taken from Sperrof 8th edition
all the informations are upto date
especially designed for MD MS student in Obstetrics and gynaecology doing their Residency
The document discusses the definition and management of poor ovarian response. Poor response is generally defined as women with low ovarian reserve or a poor response to ovarian stimulation. As women age, their ovarian reserve declines resulting in fewer remaining eggs. The infertility specialist aims to assess biological age by measuring remaining egg count. Treatment options discussed include clomiphene citrate, letrozole, metformin, gonadotropins, ovarian drilling, and various IVF protocols tailored for poor responders. No single treatment guarantees success, and expectations must be managed through counseling.
This document discusses mild ovarian stimulation protocols for ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It outlines important factors to consider like ovarian reserve, previous response, and hormone profiles. It compares protocols using clomiphene citrate, aromatase inhibitors, and gonadotropins alone or in combination to induce ovulation of 1-3 follicles. Premature luteinization during ovarian stimulation is also discussed. The document aims to develop cost-effective low-dose IVF procedures suitable for developing countries like India.
Is ultrasound monitoring alone enough in ART cycle?Aboubakr Elnashar
Ultrasound monitoring alone may be enough for ART cycles according to some studies. The document discusses methods of monitoring ART cycles including ultrasound and hormonal monitoring. It outlines objectives of monitoring such as predicting ovarian response, monitoring pituitary suppression, evaluating gonadotropin dose, preventing OHSS, and optimal hCG timing. Literature review finds that ultrasound alone provides adequate information in normal responders and equivalence to combined monitoring in outcomes and OHSS risk. However, hormonal monitoring may provide added information for high responders or OHSS risk.
This document discusses types of fibroids and their impact on fertility. It describes 3 main types of fibroids - submucosal, intramural, and subserosal - and provides details on their classification systems. The document also summarizes several mechanisms by which fibroids can affect fertility, including effects on fertilization and implantation. It reviews findings on the relationship between fibroid characteristics like location, size, and number and fertility outcomes like pregnancy rates. The document concludes by outlining treatment options for fibroids impacting fertility, including expectant management, medical therapies, and various surgical approaches.
ESHRE Guideline on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta invited to deliver a lecture on "RPL- ESHRE Guideline" in the Annual Conference of RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) IRC (International Representative Committee) India East held on 20-21 May, 2023
Unexplained infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year despite routine investigations showing no abnormalities. While the causes are uncertain, treatments aim to increase monthly pregnancy rates and include expectant management, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, IUI, IVF, and lifestyle changes. Couples with unexplained infertility have higher risks of obstetric complications and should follow a progressive treatment plan based on factors like duration of infertility and age.
Unexplained infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year despite routine investigations showing no abnormalities. While the causes are uncertain, treatments aim to increase monthly pregnancy rates and include expectant management, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, IUI, IVF, and lifestyle changes. Couples with unexplained infertility have higher risks of obstetric complications and should follow a progressive treatment plan based on factors like duration of infertility and age.
The document discusses unexplained infertility, providing definitions and discussing prevalence, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. It notes that unexplained infertility affects 10-20% of couples and can cause psychological distress. Potential causes are discussed but many are uncertain and found in fertile couples. Diagnosis involves ruling out known causes through standard investigations. Treatment aims to increase monthly pregnancy rates and options discussed include expectant management, ovulation induction, IUI, IVF, and alternative therapies like letrozole, with success rates provided for each option.
Dr. Vandana Bansal is a senior gynaecologist and obstetrician who specializes in infertility and IVF. She directs the Arpit Test Tube Baby Centre in Prayagraj, India. The document discusses intrauterine insemination (IUI), providing rationales for its use, details on techniques and protocols, success rates based on factors like age and ovarian stimulation methods, and alternatives when IUI is unsuccessful. It summarizes evidence from clinical studies on optimizing IUI outcomes.
This document summarizes current evidence on medical add-ons used in in vitro fertilization (IVF). It discusses adjuvants used to improve ovarian response and implantation success, including DHEA, growth hormone, antioxidants, artificial oocyte activation, estrogen, and metformin. For each adjuvant, the proposed mechanisms of action and available evidence from studies are summarized. In general, the evidence for most add-ons is limited and inconclusive due to small study sizes and heterogeneity. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to establish efficacy and safety.
1) Unexplained infertility poses challenges as Cochrane reviews find no difference in live birth rates between IUI and timed intercourse, yet anxious couples expect treatment.
2) Low cost ovarian stimulation with oral medications like clomiphene citrate or letrozole plus gonadotropins for IVF shows no difference in outcomes versus gonadotropins alone, but may increase cycle cancellations.
3) For thin endometrium (<7mm), studies of over 40,000 transfers find live birth rates decrease with thickness but may be 18-21% even at 5-5.9mm, providing reassurance for physicians and patients.
This document discusses fertility preservation options for cancer patients. It covers the impact of cancer and cancer treatments on female fertility. Current fertility preservation techniques include embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Embryo cryopreservation has high success rates but requires a male partner and time for stimulation. Oocyte cryopreservation overcomes some limitations but stimulation is still needed. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation allows immediate cancer treatment and is an option for young girls, but reimplantation risks remain experimental. Health care providers play a key role in discussing fertility preservation with patients.
This document summarizes various ART options for poor ovarian responders. It discusses criteria for defining poor ovarian response, classification systems like POSEIDON, and studies comparing outcomes of different stimulation protocols. These include mild versus conventional stimulation, different gonadotropin doses and add-backs, natural cycles, estrogen priming, and supplements like DHEA, growth hormone, and CoQ10. Cumulative live birth rates are provided for various patient groups over multiple cycles, showing rates ranging from 12-75% depending on age and ovarian reserve.
May occur very early on during the attachment or migration stages (No objective evidence e.g. –ve hCG)
May also occur at a later stage (+ve hCG) but process becomes disrupted
Definition: Refers to the failure of the embryo to reach a stage when an intrauterine gestational sac is recognized by ultrasonography.
Implantation failure can apply to patients undergoing ART and patients trying to conceive without any fertility treatment.
It is a separate entity from RPL
Orvieto et al - 3 failed IVF-ET cycles with good quality embryos transferred .
Zeyneloglu et al. - 3 unsuccessful IVF specifically with two embryos of high quality
Simon and Laufer - embryo & endometrium can both play an active role in RIF
Coughlan et al. suggest a more complete working definition taking into account maternal age, number of embryos transferred, and number of cycles completed.
They define RIF as the failure of clinical pregnancy after 4 good quality embryo transfers, with at least three fresh or frozen IVF cycles, and in women under the age of 40
RIF is a complex problem with a wide variety of etiologies / mechanisms/ treatment options.
Recommendations vary depending on the source of their problem. Perhaps the best and yet most complex answer is personalized medicine, a personal approach to each patient depending on her unique set of characteristics.
It would help to establish a set of standardized tests to use, in order to do a preliminary evaluation on each patient, which would then hopefully direct the approach of treatment for each individual couple.
This can be implemented when we have well designed studies that will help us to establish new protocols.
Diminished ovarian reserve is common and associated with declining live birth rates with age. Biomarkers like AMH and AFC can predict poor ovarian response and live birth, but response varies and outcomes are still acceptable in younger women. While interventions aimed at promoting follicle development, like higher FSH doses or adding DHEA/testosterone, may improve response, the effect sizes are small and safety risks unclear. Improved understanding of ovarian biology could enable new approaches to intervention.
The document discusses tuberculosis and its impact on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. It addresses several questions:
1) There are differences in IVF success rates between phenotypes of tuberculosis, with subclinical TB having higher success than clinical TB. Treated pulmonary TB has similar outcomes to non-TB patients.
2) IVF success rates in TB have improved over time and are now comparable to other causes of infertility as TB incidence decreases.
3) TB, even subclinical TB, negatively impacts ovarian reserve. Ovarian function improves after antituberculosis treatment.
4) For hydrosalpinges in genital TB, bilateral salpingectomy followed by antituberculosis treatment is recommended
This document discusses normal and abnormal modes of delivery. It begins by looking at worldwide and Lebanese cesarean section (C-section) rates, noting the WHO recommended rate of 15% and Lebanon's current rate of 44-45%. Several factors that may be contributing to high C-section rates are then examined, including financial incentives for doctors and hospitals, a lack of preparation for natural birth, and defensiveness due to malpractice fears. The short and long-term risks of C-sections for both mothers and babies are also reviewed. The document advocates for reducing unnecessary C-sections through measures such as implementing national guidelines and increasing access to natural birthing options and education.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND NON PR...FidelityP
Red blood cell (RBC) indices are individual components of a routine blood test called the complete blood count (CBC). The CBC is used to measure the quantity and physical characteristics of different types of cells found in your blood. Blood consists of RBCs, white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets that are suspended in your plasma. Platelets are cells that enable clot formation. RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout your body to all of your tissues and organs. An RBC is pale red and gets its color from hemoglobin. It’s shaped like a doughnut, but it has a thinner area in the middle instead of a hole. Your RBCs are normally all the same color, size, and shape. However, certain conditions can cause variations that impair their ability to function properly. The RBC indices measure the size, shape, and physical characteristics of the RBCs. Your doctor can use RBC indices to help diagnose the cause of anemia. Anemia is a common blood disorder in which you have too few, misshapen, or poorly functional RBCs123
Pregnancy outcome in women presenting with reduced fetal movements.
The study aims to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women presenting primarily with reduced fetal movements in the third trimester. Women experiencing reduced fetal movements will undergo assessments including CTG, ultrasound, and Doppler to evaluate fetal well-being. Pregnancy outcomes such as gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birthweight, and complications will be analyzed. The results could help improve management of reduced fetal movement cases in the future.
Similar to Unexplained infertility astrakhan webinar copy (20)
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
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Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
1. Dr . Akram H. Shalabi
Senior Consultant
ObGyn & Reproductive
Medicine
Amman 23/ 6/ 2021
drakram_ivf@yahoo.com
+962795553199
Managing Unexplained
Infertility : Evidence Based
Approach
2. UEI : Inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected
intercourse without an identifiable cause after basic infertility
evaluation tests
Randolph 2000 , Zegers – Hochchild et al .2017 , J. Stewart 2019
Standard investigation protocol includes :
1- Normal ovulatory function and ovarian reserve
2- Adequate MFT ( WHO 2010 )
3- No visible uterine pathology
4- At least one patent tube ( HSG, SSG, Laparoscopy - debatable role )
Crosignani et al 1993, A.N. Kansouh 2018, J. Stewart
Diagnosis of UEI is primarily by exclusion after completely performed ,
correctly done and appropriately interpreted standard tests Moghissi et al.
2000
UEI leads to frustration, depression & sexual dysfunction Meller at al. 2002
3. Prevalence : 30-50 % of infertile couples meet the above criteria
Esteves et al 2015 , Collins & Crosignani 1992
10-20 % Balen 2003
NICE 2013 1 / 7 couples is infertile
Male Factor 30%
Female Factor 45%
Combined 40%
UEI 25% In Jordan ?
UEI is over diagnosed, misdiagnosed and over treated ( in 36% of couples)
–
Kersten et al, HR 2015 , Ben W. Mol et al. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2018
UEI is on the decline with expanding diagnostic tests
Gleicher & Barad 2006
4. Abnormal folliculogenesis , LUF , PRL, LPD, genetic oocyte
defects , oocyte maturation arrest , poor quality embryos, POF
Abnormal tubal cilial activity or immunological milieu, embryo
toxins
Endometrial pathology :
Defective endometrial proteomics Altered production of integrins
Impropriate T & NK cell activity Abnormal uterine perfusion
Non-homogenous hyper - echogenic endometrial pattern
Altered peritoneal immunity : minimal / mild endometriosis
Impaired fertilizing capacity of sperm , abnormal acrosome reaction
, DNA fragmentation
Few causes are actually treatable Balen 2003
5. Role of Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is not indicated in the absence of tubal / pelvic
pathology seen by HSG or pelvic ultrasound Level l
However, laparoscopy is advisable in young women
with 3 yrs infertility in the absence of recognized
abnormalities ASRM guidelines 2015
Parazzini reported LBR of 19.6 % after 12 months of
treating minimal / mild endometriosis laparoscopically
6. A.Kansouh et al. J. of Medicine in Scientific Research 2018
involving 250 UEI cases underwent laparoscopy reported that:
in 38 % Minimal /mild endometriosis
28 % Tubal / peritubal adhesions
4% PID
30% Abnormal hysteroscopic findings
Conclusion : Laparoscopy is the final diagnostic procedure of female
fertility exploration ( WHO guidelines )
It may be therapeutic at the same settings
It can avoid direct shift to IVF and saves resources
7. Evidence /
Recommendations
From guidelines of
Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society By
William Buckett and Sony Sierra RBMO issue 4 /2019
• Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
• ASRM recommendations 2020
• NICE guidelines 2013
• Cochrane reviews
• RCOG guidelines will be available this year
8. Evidence / Recommendations
Level I : RCT Good Strong
Level II non – randomized controlled Fair Moderate
Cohort Prospective
Case- controlled study from 1 centre or research group
Level III Opinions of respected authorities :
based on experience
descriptive studies
reports of expert committees Good evidence against or
no enough evidence to make a recommendation
ASRM : Level A high confidence in evidence Strong recommendation
Level B moderate moderate strength
Level C low grade weak/ conditional
no recommendation
9. PR / month at 23-37 ys 30 % in first 2 months
8% after 6 months
4% after 9-12 months
Zinaman et al.
1996
Aim of treating UEI : increase the monthly PR above the
natural rate of 1.5- 3%
HOW? By increasing gamete number, improving gamete
quality and facilitating their interaction
When ? Depends on woman’s age, infertility duration , Rx
affordability and couple’s preferences
10. Typically empirical -as the specific & potentially treatable abnormality is
lacking Soules et el. 2000
Applying a step-wise approach from the least invasive & least expensive
option followed by a gradual progression to ART Ray et al,
2012
Recently a fast track towards ART has been advocated Reindollar et al.
2010
Options : Expectant ( Conservative ) Management
Surgical ( laparoscopy )
Intrauterine insemination IUI
Ovarian stimulation ( oral agents / Gns) + IUI or TSI
11. In good prognosis couples 35 yrs, 2-3 yrs infertility
Cumulative PR over 2 yrs 72% in young women
45% in 35 yrs
30 % with infertility 5 yrs
3yrs 60% Godon & Spirof 2002
5yrs 80% Randolph 2000
Bhattacharya et al. 2008
RCT 580 couples . 2.5yrs infertility
193 Expectant 194 CC 193 Un-stimulated IUI for 6 months
LBR Exp. 17% 32/193 vs 27% by Steures et al. 2006
14% 26/192 CC arm .
23% 43/191 IUI ( No Statistical sign. )
12. Expectant Management cont…
Deidre D et al. in a systematic review 2016 Fertility & Sterility
involving 3081 cases of UEI reached a conclusion that:
• Expectant Rx is comparable with CC + TSI or IUI
CC may be more effective than letrozole
Gns for OS are more effective than oral agents albeit significantly
higher risk of MPR
IVF is no more effective than Gns +IUI
13. Expectant Management cont.
Recommendation :
In good prognosis couples ( based on age & infertility duration )
expectant management can be offered Level IA
NICE guidelines 2013 recommended :
Expectant Rx for 2yrs before proceeding to IVF , blatantly ruling out
IUI as an intermediate treatment , many oppose this strategy
Expectant Rx can be combined with life style modification
14. Rationale: more eggs , correction of ovarian dysfunction & LPD
Oral Agents Cochrane review 2010 Hughes et al .
7 trials involved 11 59 participants : CC was not more effective than no Rx OR
0.79
Systematic Reiew Liu et al. 2014
Letrozole vs CC 1776 women from 3 studies
PR Letrozole 24.5 % vs 20.8% CC No statistical sign.
MPR : Letrozole 4.1% vs 8% CC No statistical sign.
Recommendation:
CC does not have any benefit over expectant Rx & should not be offered. Level 1
A
CC with TSI : not recommended as it is no more effective than expectant Rx
ASRM
2020
15. IUI resulted in 5 % chance of conception / natural cycle Guzick et al. 1999
Whereas after OS gives PR of 11.3 % / cycle K. George j Hum Rep Sci 2010
Any ovarian stimulation + IUI may succeed in 20-30 % over 3 cycles
Roy Homburg & Gulam Bahadur 2017
No significant difference in CLBR after 6 months in expectant group
16% vs 23 % in IUI alone Cochrane IUI review Veltman – Velhurst et al.
2016
Recommendatioin
Natural cycle IUI does not offer any benefit over expectant Rx. &
should not be offered Level 1 A CFAS Guidelines
2019
Double vs single IUI : No sign. difference PR 13.6% vs 14.4%
Polyzos et al .2010
16. Rationale: Correction of subtle defects in fol. development and / or LPD
Increase number of released oocytes Balen 2003
CC + IUI for 3 cycles vs 3 months expectant Rx.
RCT n= 101 Mean age 34yrs 3.6 yrs infertility
CLBR in CC + IUI 31% vs 9% in expectant group
Farquhar et al 2018
CC / IUI vs Letrozole / IUI 2 RCTs
Clinical PR 18 % letrozole /IUI vs 11% CC/IUI n=214 Fouda and Sayed 2011
37% 36% n= 412 Badawy et al. 2009
18.7 % 23.3 % n=900 Diamond et al 2015 a,b
Multiple PR 13% 9% Diamond et al 2015a,b
17. Ovarian Stimulation with Oral
Agents & IUI cont.
Recommendation:
IUI with oral agents is more effective than expectant Rx
Level 1 A
Letrozole & CC are equally effective
Level 1A
Letrozole can be an alternative to CC
ASRM
Single IUI can be performed after 0-36hrs relative to hCG
after OS ASRM B/ moderate
18. Rationale: Increased number of eggs available for fertilization could
increase clinical PR & LBR
PR 8% Veltman-Vurhulst et al.2009
No RCTs comparing Gns for stimulation & expectant Rx
Gleicher et al . 2010 reported a possible benefit of Gns - stimulation
alone but on the expense of increased risk of multiple pregnancy, OHS
and cost .
Recommendation : There is insufficient evidence to recommend Gns
alone in managing UEI Level III
Cancel OS or convert to IVF if ≥ 3 fol . > 18mm or ≥ 5 fol. > 12mm
PR 1 fol 8.5 % 2 fol. 13.3% 3 fol. 21.4 %
K. George J Hum Rep Sci, 2010,2016
19. Cochrane review 2016 Veltman- Verlhurst et al .
Gns / IUI 231 couples 246 Gns only
Higher PR /couple with Gns /IUI ( OR 1.69 )
Multiple PR 5% - 12% in both arms
2 small RCTs Gns /IUI vs CC/IUI
Ongoing PR 18% 11.6 % Baker et al. 2011
CLBR 31.4% 30.3% Dankert et al 2007
MPR 4.3% 7.4%
AMIGOS trial Diamond et al. F&S 2015 RCT n=900
PR 35.5% 28.3% CC 22,4% letrozole p = 0,003
CLBR 32.2 % 23.3% CC 187% Letrozole p = 0.001
Cancellation Rate : Higher with Gns ( over-response )
20. Gns + IUI vs Letrozole + IUI
Recommendation :
Gns /IUI can be offered to couples with UEI Level 1B
Gns/IUI is associated with higher PR /cycle & higher MPR /cycle
than IUI with oral agents Level 1A
Letrozole + low dose Gns +IUI is comparable with CC + low dose
Gns + IUI in terms of PR & LBR ASRM 2020
Oral stimulation & standard dose Gns + IUI carries a higher risk of
multiple gestation B/ moderate
21. IVF : Accepted , effective and recommended Rx. NICE 2004,
2013
Rationale: Higher number of eggs available for fertilization
Facilitates fertilization
To document fertilization & evaluate embryo quality
Can prevent TFF
Cost effective considering repeated IUI trials & FET
Cochrane review by Pandian et al. 2012
One IVF trial vs Expectant Rx for 90 days
LBR 45.8% vs 3.7% OR 12.4
22. IVF in UEI
6 RCTs Pandian et al. 2012
n= CPR (Gns/IUI) CPR( IVF )
Goverde et al. 2000 172 7.80% /cycle 12.2 % /cycle
Reidollar et al. 2010 503 21.4 % after 3cycles 52 % after 3
trials
van Rumste et al.2014 116 17.2 % after 3cycles 22.4 % /cycle
Bensdorp et al. 2015 602 56% after 6cycles 58.7% after
3trials
Goldman et al 2014 154 17.3 % after 2cycles 49% after
2cycles
Nandi et al. 2017 207 28.7 % after 3 cycles 33.1 % / cycle
23. Summary :
There is a clear benefit in LBR following IVF over other Rx. options
IVF offers reduction of MPR with its adverse events
UK NICE guidelines 2004, 2013 advised against Gns /IUI moving towards IVF
adopting elective SET ( Canada also )
However
Gns +/- IUI vs IVF No difference Gunn and Bates F&S 2016 13 RCT n=
3081
Recommendations:
IVF can be offered as first line Rx Level 1B
IVF should be offered after 3 failed cycles of ovarian stimulation /IUI
24. During IVF in UEI total fertilization failure occurs in 5-10% of cases
Bungum et al 2004, Jaroudi et al. 2003 Tournaye et al .2002
ICSI has no benefit over standard IVF in non-male factor infertility
Bhattacharya et al . 2001, Bukulmez et al. 2000
ICSI should be the first treatment option in UEI Sertac et al 2000
ICSI should be the first option in women over 35yrs Balen 2003
LBR 46.7% IVF vs 50% ICSI Foong et al 2006
25. ICSI in UEI cont.
Recent systemic review & MA : Suggested that routine ICSI
increases FR & decreases TFF Johnson et
al. 2013
• Rescue ICSI is advocated in case of TFF leading to PR ranging from
9.7% to 44% Beck- Frucher et al. 2014
Recommendation :
No sufficient evidence to recommend routine ICSI to increase LBR ,
although it can reduce the rate of TFF Level 1B
26. Forty and Over Treatment Trial
FORT-T
Reindollar et al, F&S 2014 RCT n=154
Female age : 38-42 Y with ≥ 6 months UEI
CC+ IUI n=51 FSH+IUI X2 n=52 Immediate IVF n=51
CPR 21.6% 17.3% 49%
Conclusions : In IVF group
Remarkably higher PR 49%
IVF contributed in 84.2 % of all live births
36 % fewer treatment cycles
So, immediate IVF demonstrated superior PR with fewer Rx cycles
27. Age 35 yrs 35-39 yrs 40 yrs
Duration 2yrs 2yrs 1 yr Irrespective of
duration
Expectant Rx up to
2yrs
OS + IUI X3- 6 cycles OS + IUI X 2-3 OS+ IUI X1- 2
IVF IVF IVF IVF
28. Woman’s age, duration of infertility and the chosen treatment
modality are the most crucial prognostic factors
OS + IUI and IVF give satisfactory long term outcome in
terms of LBR
Pregnancies after UEI are associated with a higher
incidence of PET, preterm labor & emergency CS
29. Most Relevant Recommendations to
Practice
No place for IUI in NC : no more effective than expectant Rx A / strong
No place for oral agents + TSI as above B / moderate
No place for Gns + TSI Risk of multiple pregnancy B / moderate
It is recommended to use CC or Letrozole + IUI A / strong
It is not recommended to use low dose Gns +IUI as they are no more effective
than oral agents B / moderate
Oral agents + conventional dose Gns for IUI are not recommended : MPR
B / moderate
Gns in conventional doses for IUI are not recommended : MPR, expensive , as
effective as oral agents + IUI A / strong
Couples should initially undergo 3-4 cycles of OS with oral agents + IUI
before embarking on IVF/ICSI attempt B / moderate
30. Diagnosis of UEI should be made by exclusion after complete and correctly
interpreted standard fertility tests
Therapeutic strategy should involve counseling with regard to prognosis,
adverse events and individually tailored treatment options based on:
age duration of infertility ovarian reserve
affordability couple’s preferences social circumstances
Couples can be offered less invasive treatment options as expectant
management and IUI with ovarian stimulation
There is a great deal of evidence emerging in favor of fast track management
towards IVF particularly in older females with 3 yrs infertility
What remains obliviously interesting is the gap between science and practice