Ultraviolet Light
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The document discusses ultraviolet (UV) light, which has a shorter wavelength than visible light and higher energy. It notes that UV light is emitted by the sun but most is absorbed by the atmosphere, and on some days more UV light gets through. UV light can break down fabrics, plastics, and some paints, and can be harmful to plant and animal life. The document also mentions that UV light is emitted by welding torches and can cause fluorescence, where UV light is absorbed and partially emitted as visible light.
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Visible light
- Visible light has wavelengths ranging from red to violet, with red having the longest wavelength, lowest frequency, and lowest energy, and violet having the shortest wavelength, highest frequency, and highest energy.
- Plants rely on visible light for photosynthesis to produce energy, and humans need sunlight for vitamin D production and to regulate mood.
- Exposure to too much light can damage the retina of the eye permanently.
Dangerousness of Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear radiation consists of particle beams that can harm human cells and potentially cause cancer. Exposure to nuclear radiation occurs internally from ingesting radiological material or externally from sources like X-rays, with internal exposure posing a greater risk. Several major nuclear accidents over exposure to radiation have occurred, such as at Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima, demonstrating the dangers of mishandling nuclear materials and radiation.
Science Advising in Entertainment
ScriptPhD.com editor/creative director Jovana Grbic recently gave a seminar at Emory University about the role of a scientific adviser in the entertainment industry and tools for scientists to launch careers in film, television and media.
Chap2 s11b
Transmission lines connect generators to loads and include parallel wires, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. They can experience effects like delay, dispersion, and attenuation. Different transmission modes include TEM where electric and magnetic fields are orthogonal to the direction of propagation. The transmission line is modeled as a distributed circuit with inductance and capacitance. This leads to transmission line equations that can be solved as wave equations. The characteristic impedance of the line determines how waves propagate on the line, with standing wave patterns forming for mismatched loads. The input impedance of the line depends on the load impedance and distance along the line.
Matching impedance
Impedance matching merupakan hal penting dalam rentang frekuensi gelombang mikro. Matching dalam saluran transmisi berarti memberikan beban yang sama dengan impedansi karakteristik saluran, sedangkan dalam teori rangkaian berarti impedansi sumber sama dengan konjugasi kompleks beban. Smith chart digunakan untuk merancang rangkaian penyesuaian impedansi dengan melihat perubahan impedansi akibat penambahan elemen reaktif.
Impedance Matching
Impedance matching is a procedure for obtaining the maximum power transfer to a load. What is a goal for microwave design? If we can give maximum power to a load, we succeed in design. Impedance matching allows us to make that happen.
Matching techniques
The document discusses different techniques for matching the impedance of antennas and transmission lines, including stub matching and quarter-wavelength transformers. Stub matching uses short or open circuited stubs to match the real part of the antenna impedance to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. Quarter-wavelength transformers use transmission line sections with specific characteristic impedances to transform and match impedances. Multiple section designs provide broader bandwidth matching than single sections. Binomial and Tschebyscheff designs calculate the sections to give maximally flat or equal ripple response over the bandwidth.
Electrical transmission line
This ppt is about Transmission Line, to have an overview about the parameters and elements of Electrical Transmission Line.
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Visible light
- Visible light has wavelengths ranging from red to violet, with red having the longest wavelength, lowest frequency, and lowest energy, and violet having the shortest wavelength, highest frequency, and highest energy.
- Plants rely on visible light for photosynthesis to produce energy, and humans need sunlight for vitamin D production and to regulate mood.
- Exposure to too much light can damage the retina of the eye permanently.
Dangerousness of Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear radiation consists of particle beams that can harm human cells and potentially cause cancer. Exposure to nuclear radiation occurs internally from ingesting radiological material or externally from sources like X-rays, with internal exposure posing a greater risk. Several major nuclear accidents over exposure to radiation have occurred, such as at Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and Fukushima, demonstrating the dangers of mishandling nuclear materials and radiation.
Science Advising in Entertainment
ScriptPhD.com editor/creative director Jovana Grbic recently gave a seminar at Emory University about the role of a scientific adviser in the entertainment industry and tools for scientists to launch careers in film, television and media.
Chap2 s11b
Transmission lines connect generators to loads and include parallel wires, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. They can experience effects like delay, dispersion, and attenuation. Different transmission modes include TEM where electric and magnetic fields are orthogonal to the direction of propagation. The transmission line is modeled as a distributed circuit with inductance and capacitance. This leads to transmission line equations that can be solved as wave equations. The characteristic impedance of the line determines how waves propagate on the line, with standing wave patterns forming for mismatched loads. The input impedance of the line depends on the load impedance and distance along the line.
Matching impedance
Impedance matching merupakan hal penting dalam rentang frekuensi gelombang mikro. Matching dalam saluran transmisi berarti memberikan beban yang sama dengan impedansi karakteristik saluran, sedangkan dalam teori rangkaian berarti impedansi sumber sama dengan konjugasi kompleks beban. Smith chart digunakan untuk merancang rangkaian penyesuaian impedansi dengan melihat perubahan impedansi akibat penambahan elemen reaktif.
Impedance Matching
Impedance matching is a procedure for obtaining the maximum power transfer to a load. What is a goal for microwave design? If we can give maximum power to a load, we succeed in design. Impedance matching allows us to make that happen.
Matching techniques
The document discusses different techniques for matching the impedance of antennas and transmission lines, including stub matching and quarter-wavelength transformers. Stub matching uses short or open circuited stubs to match the real part of the antenna impedance to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. Quarter-wavelength transformers use transmission line sections with specific characteristic impedances to transform and match impedances. Multiple section designs provide broader bandwidth matching than single sections. Binomial and Tschebyscheff designs calculate the sections to give maximally flat or equal ripple response over the bandwidth.
Electrical transmission line
This ppt is about Transmission Line, to have an overview about the parameters and elements of Electrical Transmission Line.
EM waves: Visible and Ultraviolet Radiation ppt.
The document discusses the visible light spectrum and ultraviolet radiation. It begins by explaining that white light is made up of the colors from red to violet in the visible spectrum. It then provides several examples of applications that use visible light, such as fiber optics, photography, and photosynthesis. The document goes on to discuss ultraviolet radiation, which has shorter wavelengths than visible light. It describes an activity using sunscreen to block UV rays and their effects. Finally, it details the different types of UV radiation and some of their uses and health impacts.
Ozone depletion and UV radiations leading to increased ionizing radiations an...
The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into several layers. The lowest region, the troposphere, extends from the Earth’s surface up to about 10 kilometres (km) in altitude. Virtually all human activities occur in the troposphere. Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain on the planet, is only about 9 km high. The next layer, the stratosphere, continues from 10 km to about 50 km. Most commercial airline traffic occurs in the lower part of the stratosphere. For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays. It is a form of oxygen (O2). We all know that, oxygen we need to live and breathe. Normal oxygen consists of two oxygen atoms. Ozone, however, consists of three oxygen atoms and has the chemical formula O3.
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
The document provides information about different types of radiation, including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. It discusses radioactive decay and half-life. It also addresses natural and human-made sources of radiation exposure and averages about 6 mSv of annual exposure for Americans. Radiation can potentially cause cell damage but low levels are generally harmless due to body's ability to repair itself.
Presentation1.pptx and so on and so forth
Ultraviolet (UV) rays come from the sun and other sources like tanning beds. There are different types of UV rays based on their energy levels, with higher-energy rays being more damaging. UV rays are mainly absorbed by skin and can cause sunburn, skin damage, and skin cancer over time. People are exposed to UV rays from the sun as well as some artificial sources. While UV rays have some benefits, overexposure is best avoided through clothing, sunscreen, and limiting time in the sun or tanning beds.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION AND TRANSFORMATIONS
This document discusses photobiology and photochemical transformations. It begins by defining photobiology as biological phenomena involving non-ionizing radiation and explains that photochemical reactions are induced by absorption of photons. Non-ionizing radiation is grouped into ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light. Ultraviolet light is further divided into UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A regions. Photochemical reactions create excited molecular states that can undergo changes or transfer energy. Photosynthesis is highlighted as a crucial photochemical process allowing plants to convert sunlight to chemical energy to sustain life. The document also discusses ultraviolet radiation, its effects, and the dangers of UVA and UVB penetration through the ozone layer.
Radioactive Pollution
Radioactive pollution occurs when radioactive materials are released unintentionally into the environment. It can arise from various sources like nuclear weapon production and decommissioning, mining of radioactive ores, coal ash, medical waste, and accidents or improper handling at nuclear power plants. Exposure to radiation from radioactive pollution can cause health effects ranging from mild skin irritation from low doses to serious conditions like cancer from long-term higher exposure. Preventing radioactive pollution requires responsible handling and disposal of radioactive materials and nuclear waste.
Optics: Faith and Science with Rochdale Science Initiative 14.07.21
Continuing the Research & Community Buddy initiative with the British Science Association. Workshop using UV beads with context from present day and heritage links.
Taylor - Ultraviolet Light
Ultraviolet light was discovered in 1801 by German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter. It is a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, between 300 to 400 nanometers. UV radiation can damage components of paper, photographs, inks and other materials by causing photoionization which alters atoms and molecules. The UV spectrum is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC bands with different wavelengths. The sun is a major natural source of UV rays, with UVA making up most of the UV that reaches Earth. UV exposure can benefit humans by producing vitamin D but too much causes sunburns and skin damage. UV light has applications in security, forensics
Radioactivity
Radioactivity refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation.
Radiation Effect
The document discusses electromagnetic radiation and its effects on human life. It defines radiation and describes its different sources including the sun, electronics like cell phones, microwaves, and more. It explains the two types of radiation: ionizing and non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA and cells and has sources like x-rays, while non-ionizing only includes heat, light, and radio waves. Effects of radiation exposure are also outlined, like hair loss, reduced immune system, and fertility issues. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for greater public awareness of radiation risks and development of technologies that reduce electromagnetic radiation levels.
Uv b radiation
is essential for life on Earth.
It helps plants to grow, and provides warm and light.
Sunlight also helps people to be happy and healthy
produces light and warmth but also Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation cannot be seen or felt.
It is UV radiation, not the warmth or brightness of the sun that causes changes to skin color, damage to eyes, and other bad health effects.
Energy-Saving Lamps & Health
Currently, conventional incandescent lamps are in the process of being replaced with more energy-efficient lamps, mainly compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Fluorescent light has been used for many years in overhead fluorescent tubes without causing any problems. Nevertheless, certain “light sensitive” citizens’ associations have voiced concerns about compact fluorescent lamps.
Do these energy-saving lamps aggravate the symptoms in patients with certain diseases?
Radiation safety and hazards, Control
Radiation can be categorized as ionizing or non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation includes alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation, which can be harmful in high doses. Natural background radiation comes from cosmic rays, terrestrial sources like uranium and thorium in soil, and inhaling or ingesting naturally occurring radioactive materials. The largest sources of natural background radiation are radon inhalation and terrestrial sources. Artificial sources include residual radiation from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. The document discusses the various types of radiation and their sources to provide an understanding of radiation hazards, evaluation, and safety.
Radiation: Source, Effect & Protection
The document discusses sources, effects, and protection from radiation. It describes natural sources like cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation from elements in the ground, and atmospheric radiation. Man-made sources include X-rays from medical procedures and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. Exposure to high doses of radiation can cause acute radiation syndrome and organ damage, while long-term low doses may increase cancer risks. Protection methods include limiting unnecessary medical X-rays, using lead shields during exposures, and monitoring worker radiation doses.
ozone.pdf
The document discusses the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on nature, marine life, plants, animals, humans and the environment. It explains that the ozone layer protects the earth from UV rays, but this layer has been depleted by CFC gases, leading to increased UV reaching the surface. This has negative impacts like reduced phytoplankton productivity, damage to plankton DNA, skin cancer and eye damage in humans, accelerated aging and genetic mutations. The conclusion calls for global efforts to restrict CFCs and raise awareness about reducing UV exposure to protect life on earth.
Radiation ppt
Radiation and radioactive waste can have biological effects on animals, plants, and humans. Radioactive waste is material contaminated by radio nuclides, which are unstable atoms that decay and emit radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation depends on the type and amount of radiation, dose received, and exposure conditions. While low doses may cause no immediate harm, high doses can cause radiation sickness, cancer, and genetic effects in the short and long term. Radiation can damage plants' growth, development, and genetic makeup. In humans, high radiation exposure can cause initial symptoms like nausea and vomiting and higher doses may cause hair loss, organ damage, and death in some cases. Long term effects include increased risk of cancers and diseases. Proper
Radioactivity
This document summarizes information about radioactivity and its applications. It begins with a brief history of the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896 and the Curies. It then discusses the stability of nuclei and properties of radioisotopes. Applications of radioisotopes discussed include uses in medicine such as diagnosing thyroid disease, treating overactive thyroids, and detecting blood clots. Additional applications include using radioisotopes to date artifacts, study geological time periods, ensure thickness of materials, and kill pests. The document also covers nuclear fission, pros and cons of nuclear energy, negative effects of radiation, and proper management of radioactive waste.
Radioactive pollution
Radioactive pollution is defined as the emission of radioactive substances into the environment from human activities like nuclear processes, weapons production, mining, and medical and power generation waste. Sources include natural cosmic and terrestrial radiation as well as man-made activities. Exposure to radiation can damage DNA and lead to health issues like cancer depending on the duration and level of exposure. Preventive measures include limiting nuclear tests and waste, careful disposal, and treatment methods to reduce radioactivity in the environment.
radiationlecture-170227063014.pptx
(1) Radiation can damage cells at the molecular level through direct ionization or indirect free radical formation. DNA is particularly susceptible to radiation damage. (2) Double strand breaks in DNA are difficult for cells to repair and can lead to cell death, while misrepaired breaks may cause mutations. (3) Radiation exposure can also damage cell membranes and chromosomes, with effects ranging from structural aberrations to nonviable cells. Membrane damage may alter permeability and organelle function.
Biological effects of radiations
This document discusses the biological effects of radiation at the molecular and cellular level. It describes how ionizing radiation can directly damage molecules like DNA through ionization or indirectly through reactive oxygen species. Double strand breaks in DNA are particularly harmful as they can lead to cell death if unrepaired or mutations if incorrectly repaired. Radiation is also capable of damaging cell membranes and inducing chromosome abnormalities. The cell cycle is disrupted and cells may die during or after attempted cell division. A variety of radiation types are discussed along with their properties and medical applications.
Sedimentary Rocks
The document discusses different types of igneous and sedimentary rocks. It states that igneous rocks form from cooled magma and their crystal size depends on the cooling rate, with slowly cooled rocks like granite having large crystals and quickly cooled rocks like basalt or pumice having small or no crystals. It describes sedimentary rocks as forming from compacted and cemented sediments, including pieces of other rocks, once-living things like plants and shells, and liquid solutions that leave impressions of fossils.
Metamorphic Rocks
Sandstone forms from cemented sand grains through compaction and cementation. Shale forms from compacted clay and mud sediments. Coal forms from compacted organic material. Limestone forms from cemented calcium carbonate sediments and shells. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale, and limestone can contain fossils.
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Similar to Ultraviolet Light
EM waves: Visible and Ultraviolet Radiation ppt.
The document discusses the visible light spectrum and ultraviolet radiation. It begins by explaining that white light is made up of the colors from red to violet in the visible spectrum. It then provides several examples of applications that use visible light, such as fiber optics, photography, and photosynthesis. The document goes on to discuss ultraviolet radiation, which has shorter wavelengths than visible light. It describes an activity using sunscreen to block UV rays and their effects. Finally, it details the different types of UV radiation and some of their uses and health impacts.
Ozone depletion and UV radiations leading to increased ionizing radiations an...
The Earth’s atmosphere is divided into several layers. The lowest region, the troposphere, extends from the Earth’s surface up to about 10 kilometres (km) in altitude. Virtually all human activities occur in the troposphere. Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain on the planet, is only about 9 km high. The next layer, the stratosphere, continues from 10 km to about 50 km. Most commercial airline traffic occurs in the lower part of the stratosphere. For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays. It is a form of oxygen (O2). We all know that, oxygen we need to live and breathe. Normal oxygen consists of two oxygen atoms. Ozone, however, consists of three oxygen atoms and has the chemical formula O3.
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
The document provides information about different types of radiation, including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. It discusses radioactive decay and half-life. It also addresses natural and human-made sources of radiation exposure and averages about 6 mSv of annual exposure for Americans. Radiation can potentially cause cell damage but low levels are generally harmless due to body's ability to repair itself.
Presentation1.pptx and so on and so forth
Ultraviolet (UV) rays come from the sun and other sources like tanning beds. There are different types of UV rays based on their energy levels, with higher-energy rays being more damaging. UV rays are mainly absorbed by skin and can cause sunburn, skin damage, and skin cancer over time. People are exposed to UV rays from the sun as well as some artificial sources. While UV rays have some benefits, overexposure is best avoided through clothing, sunscreen, and limiting time in the sun or tanning beds.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION AND TRANSFORMATIONS
This document discusses photobiology and photochemical transformations. It begins by defining photobiology as biological phenomena involving non-ionizing radiation and explains that photochemical reactions are induced by absorption of photons. Non-ionizing radiation is grouped into ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light. Ultraviolet light is further divided into UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A regions. Photochemical reactions create excited molecular states that can undergo changes or transfer energy. Photosynthesis is highlighted as a crucial photochemical process allowing plants to convert sunlight to chemical energy to sustain life. The document also discusses ultraviolet radiation, its effects, and the dangers of UVA and UVB penetration through the ozone layer.
Radioactive Pollution
Radioactive pollution occurs when radioactive materials are released unintentionally into the environment. It can arise from various sources like nuclear weapon production and decommissioning, mining of radioactive ores, coal ash, medical waste, and accidents or improper handling at nuclear power plants. Exposure to radiation from radioactive pollution can cause health effects ranging from mild skin irritation from low doses to serious conditions like cancer from long-term higher exposure. Preventing radioactive pollution requires responsible handling and disposal of radioactive materials and nuclear waste.
Optics: Faith and Science with Rochdale Science Initiative 14.07.21
Continuing the Research & Community Buddy initiative with the British Science Association. Workshop using UV beads with context from present day and heritage links.
Taylor - Ultraviolet Light
Ultraviolet light was discovered in 1801 by German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter. It is a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, between 300 to 400 nanometers. UV radiation can damage components of paper, photographs, inks and other materials by causing photoionization which alters atoms and molecules. The UV spectrum is divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC bands with different wavelengths. The sun is a major natural source of UV rays, with UVA making up most of the UV that reaches Earth. UV exposure can benefit humans by producing vitamin D but too much causes sunburns and skin damage. UV light has applications in security, forensics
Radioactivity
Radioactivity refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation.
Radiation Effect
The document discusses electromagnetic radiation and its effects on human life. It defines radiation and describes its different sources including the sun, electronics like cell phones, microwaves, and more. It explains the two types of radiation: ionizing and non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA and cells and has sources like x-rays, while non-ionizing only includes heat, light, and radio waves. Effects of radiation exposure are also outlined, like hair loss, reduced immune system, and fertility issues. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for greater public awareness of radiation risks and development of technologies that reduce electromagnetic radiation levels.
Uv b radiation
is essential for life on Earth.
It helps plants to grow, and provides warm and light.
Sunlight also helps people to be happy and healthy
produces light and warmth but also Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation cannot be seen or felt.
It is UV radiation, not the warmth or brightness of the sun that causes changes to skin color, damage to eyes, and other bad health effects.
Energy-Saving Lamps & Health
Currently, conventional incandescent lamps are in the process of being replaced with more energy-efficient lamps, mainly compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Fluorescent light has been used for many years in overhead fluorescent tubes without causing any problems. Nevertheless, certain “light sensitive” citizens’ associations have voiced concerns about compact fluorescent lamps.
Do these energy-saving lamps aggravate the symptoms in patients with certain diseases?
Radiation safety and hazards, Control
Radiation can be categorized as ionizing or non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation includes alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation, which can be harmful in high doses. Natural background radiation comes from cosmic rays, terrestrial sources like uranium and thorium in soil, and inhaling or ingesting naturally occurring radioactive materials. The largest sources of natural background radiation are radon inhalation and terrestrial sources. Artificial sources include residual radiation from past atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. The document discusses the various types of radiation and their sources to provide an understanding of radiation hazards, evaluation, and safety.
Radiation: Source, Effect & Protection
The document discusses sources, effects, and protection from radiation. It describes natural sources like cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation from elements in the ground, and atmospheric radiation. Man-made sources include X-rays from medical procedures and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. Exposure to high doses of radiation can cause acute radiation syndrome and organ damage, while long-term low doses may increase cancer risks. Protection methods include limiting unnecessary medical X-rays, using lead shields during exposures, and monitoring worker radiation doses.
ozone.pdf
The document discusses the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on nature, marine life, plants, animals, humans and the environment. It explains that the ozone layer protects the earth from UV rays, but this layer has been depleted by CFC gases, leading to increased UV reaching the surface. This has negative impacts like reduced phytoplankton productivity, damage to plankton DNA, skin cancer and eye damage in humans, accelerated aging and genetic mutations. The conclusion calls for global efforts to restrict CFCs and raise awareness about reducing UV exposure to protect life on earth.
Radiation ppt
Radiation and radioactive waste can have biological effects on animals, plants, and humans. Radioactive waste is material contaminated by radio nuclides, which are unstable atoms that decay and emit radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation depends on the type and amount of radiation, dose received, and exposure conditions. While low doses may cause no immediate harm, high doses can cause radiation sickness, cancer, and genetic effects in the short and long term. Radiation can damage plants' growth, development, and genetic makeup. In humans, high radiation exposure can cause initial symptoms like nausea and vomiting and higher doses may cause hair loss, organ damage, and death in some cases. Long term effects include increased risk of cancers and diseases. Proper
Radioactivity
This document summarizes information about radioactivity and its applications. It begins with a brief history of the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel in 1896 and the Curies. It then discusses the stability of nuclei and properties of radioisotopes. Applications of radioisotopes discussed include uses in medicine such as diagnosing thyroid disease, treating overactive thyroids, and detecting blood clots. Additional applications include using radioisotopes to date artifacts, study geological time periods, ensure thickness of materials, and kill pests. The document also covers nuclear fission, pros and cons of nuclear energy, negative effects of radiation, and proper management of radioactive waste.
Radioactive pollution
Radioactive pollution is defined as the emission of radioactive substances into the environment from human activities like nuclear processes, weapons production, mining, and medical and power generation waste. Sources include natural cosmic and terrestrial radiation as well as man-made activities. Exposure to radiation can damage DNA and lead to health issues like cancer depending on the duration and level of exposure. Preventive measures include limiting nuclear tests and waste, careful disposal, and treatment methods to reduce radioactivity in the environment.
radiationlecture-170227063014.pptx
(1) Radiation can damage cells at the molecular level through direct ionization or indirect free radical formation. DNA is particularly susceptible to radiation damage. (2) Double strand breaks in DNA are difficult for cells to repair and can lead to cell death, while misrepaired breaks may cause mutations. (3) Radiation exposure can also damage cell membranes and chromosomes, with effects ranging from structural aberrations to nonviable cells. Membrane damage may alter permeability and organelle function.
Biological effects of radiations
This document discusses the biological effects of radiation at the molecular and cellular level. It describes how ionizing radiation can directly damage molecules like DNA through ionization or indirectly through reactive oxygen species. Double strand breaks in DNA are particularly harmful as they can lead to cell death if unrepaired or mutations if incorrectly repaired. Radiation is also capable of damaging cell membranes and inducing chromosome abnormalities. The cell cycle is disrupted and cells may die during or after attempted cell division. A variety of radiation types are discussed along with their properties and medical applications.
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Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
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Metamorphic Rocks
Sandstone forms from cemented sand grains through compaction and cementation. Shale forms from compacted clay and mud sediments. Coal forms from compacted organic material. Limestone forms from cemented calcium carbonate sediments and shells. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale, and limestone can contain fossils.
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Metamorphic rocks form deep within the Earth under conditions of great heat and pressure, partially melting existing rocks like igneous or sedimentary stone. Metamorphic rocks can contain fossils from their original parent rock and form in place from the alteration of other types of rock under high temperature and pressure conditions within the Earth's crust. Common examples include marble.
Metamorphic Rocks
The document discusses different types of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It states that sandstone forms from cementation, conglomerate forms from compaction, coal forms from organic material, and limestone forms from organic material or liquid solutions. Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing changes from heat and pressure, and examples given are shale transforming to slate and limestone transforming to marble.
Sedimentary Rocks
This document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooled magma and have large crystals if they cool slowly, small crystals if they cool fast, and no crystals if they cool extremely fast. Sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks, once-living things, or liquid solutions that harden over time. Metamorphic rocks form from intense heat or pressure that transforms existing rocks.
Igneous Rocks
The document discusses properties of minerals including that minerals are inorganic, have crystal structures, and can be identified by properties like hardness, streak, cleavage, and crystal form. Halite is identified as having cubic crystal formation and displaying fracture when it breaks.
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Ultraviolet Light
- 1. Water Tank 1. 2. 4. 3. Use the following terms to correctly label the diagram below: A. reflected wave B. refracted wave C. incident wave D. transmitted wave 5. Why is wave 2 not as bright as wave 1? 6. Why are waves 3 and 4 not as straight as wave 1?
- 2. ReviewReview • Visible light • ROY G. BIV • RBG • Transmitted, reflected, absorbed
- 3. UltravioletUltraviolet • “UV” light • Shorter wavelengths than visible light • Higher energy than visible light • Just above what humans can see Can’t see these!
- 6. UltravioletUltraviolet • Emitted by the sun • Can cause sun burn, cataracts, and cancer Can’t see these!
- 7. UltravioletUltraviolet • Most UV light from the sun is absorbed by the atmosphere • On some days more UV light gets through than others Can’t see these!
- 8. UltravioletUltraviolet • UV light can break down: –Fabrics –Plastics –Some paints • And can be harmful to plant life and animal life Can’t see these!
- 11. FluorescenceFluorescence •UV light is absorbed, •and partially emitted as visible light
- 14. Money