Ultimate_IoT_Implementation_Guide_for_Businesses EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

Ultimate IoT
Implementation Guide
for Businesses

1 ULTIMATE IOT IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE FOR BUSINESSES
In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
What are the layers of an
IoT architecture?
Business use cases for IoT
What are the business
benefits of IoT?
What are the challenges
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
IoT services and business
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
What are the risks and
challenges of
implementing IoT?
Steps for implementation
What is the future of IoT?
IoT can offer many benefits to the enterprise, but it can be a challenge to implement. Learn
the requirements and use best practices for a successful deployment.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
Ultimate IoT implementation guide for businesses
STEPHEN BIGELOW, SENIOR TECHNOLOGY EDITOR
The internet of things provides organizations with real-time information and business
insights that, when acted upon, can ultimately make them more efficient. IT administrators,
architects, developers and CIOs considering an internet of things deployment must have a
thorough understanding of what the internet of things is, how it operates, its uses,
requirements, tradeoffs and how to implement internet of things devices and
infrastructures.
WHAT IS IOT?
The internet of things (IoT) is a network of dedicated devices -- called things -- deployed and
used to gather and exchange real-world data across the internet or other networks.
Examples of this technology in operation include the following:
• Cardiac patients have a heart sensor installed after surgery, reporting diagnostic information
about each patient's heart to a monitoring physician.
• Homes use sensors for tasks including security and home management, such as lights and
appliance control, with status reporting and control performed through smartphone apps.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
• Farmers use moisture sensors throughout the fields to direct irrigation where crops need it
most.
• Ranchers use location sensors placed on each head of cattle to both identify and locate
cattle across the ranch.
• Industrial plants use sensors to monitor the presence of dangerous materials or workplace
conditions and manage employee movement throughout the facility.
• Cities deploy a fleet of sensors to monitor road and traffic conditions, adjusting a traffic
control apparatus dynamically to route and optimize traffic based on prevailing situations.
Key concepts of IoT are as follows:
A focus on real-world data. Where an enterprise routinely deals with documents,
PowerPoints, images, videos, spreadsheets and many other forms of static digital
information, IoT devices produce data that typically reflects one or more physical conditions
in the real world. IoT devices can not only help a business to learn what's happening, but
also exercise control over what's happening.
The vital importance of immediacy in real-time operation. Where routine data -- such as a
memo document -- can exist for days or months without ever being used, IoT devices must
deliver data for collection and processing without delay. This makes related factors, such as
network bandwidth and connectivity, particularly important for IoT environments.
The resulting data itself. IoT projects are often defined by the larger project or business
purpose driving IoT deployment. In many cases, IoT data is part of a control loop, with a

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
straightforward cause-and-effect objective. For example, a sensor tells a homeowner that
their front door is unlocked, and the homeowner can use an actuator -- an IoT device
designed to translate control signals received from the network into real-world actions -- in
the door to lock it remotely.
But IoT can support much larger and more far-reaching business goals. Millions of IoT
sensors can produce unimaginably vast quantities of raw data -- far too much for humans to
review and act upon. Increasingly, large IoT projects are the core of big data initiatives, such
as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) projects. The data collected from vast
IoT device deployments can be processed and analyzed to make vital business projections or
train AI systems based on the real-world data collected from vast sensor arrays. Those back-
end analyses can demand substantial storage and computing power. Computing can be
handled in centralized data centers, in public clouds or distributed across several edge
computing locations close to where data is collected.
HOW DOES IOT WORK?
IoT isn't a single device, software or technology. IoT is an amalgam of devices, networks,
computing resources and software tools and stacks. Understanding IoT terminology usually
starts with the IoT devices themselves.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
Things. Every IoT device -- a thing or smart sensor -- is a small dedicated computer
possessing an embedded processor, firmware and limited memory and network
connectivity. The device collects specific physical data and sends that data out onto an IP
network, such as the internet. Depending on the sensor's work, it might also include

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
amplifiers, filters and converters. IoT devices are battery-powered and rely on wireless
network connectivity through individual IP addresses. IoT devices can be configured
individually or in groups.
Connections. The data gathered by IoT devices must be transmitted and collected. This
second layer of IoT involves the broad network, along with an interface between the
network and back-end processing. The network is typically a conventional IP-based network,
such as an Ethernet LAN and the public internet. Every IoT device receives a unique IP
address and unique identifier. The thing passes its data to the network using a wireless
network interface, such as Wi-Fi, or a cellular network, such as 4G or 5G. As with any
network device, data packets are marked with a destination IP address where the data is to
be routed and delivered. Such network data exchange is identical to the everyday exchange
of network data between ordinary computers. The destination for this raw sensor data is
typically an intermediary interface, such as an IoT hub or IoT gateway. The IoT gateway
usually serves to collect and collate the raw sensor data, often applying early preprocessing
tasks, such as normalization and filtering, to IoT data.
Back end. The enormous volume of real-time data produced by an IoT sensor fleet and
collated at the IoT gateway must be analyzed to yield deeper insights, such as exposing
business opportunities or driving machine learning. The IoT gateway sends its cleaned and
secured sensor data across the internet to a back end for processing and analysis. Analyses

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
are performed using extensive computing clusters, such as Hadoop clusters. This back end
might be located at a corporate data center, a colocation facility, or a computing
infrastructure architected in the public cloud. There, the data is stored, processed, modeled
and analyzed.
WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF AN IOT ARCHITECTURE?
The discussion of sensor, connection and back-end layers can help business and IT staff
understand IoT technology, but such discussion also demands a consideration of IoT
architecture. Although the scope and detail of an IoT architectural plan can vary dramatically
depending on the IoT initiative, it's vital for leaders to consider how IoT will integrate into
the current IT infrastructure.
There are four major architectural issues:
1. Infrastructure. The physical layer includes IoT devices, the network and computing resources
used to process the data. The infrastructure discussion often includes sensor types,
quantities, locations, power, network interface and configuration and management tools.
Networks involve bandwidth and latency considerations to ensure they can handle IoT
device demands. Computing handles the analysis on the back end, and organizations might
need to deploy extensive new computing resources to handle additional processing or use
on-demand resources, such as the cloud. Infrastructure discussions also involve a careful

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
consideration of IoT protocols and standards, such as Bluetooth, GSM, 4G or 5G, Wi-Fi,
Zigbee and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network.
2. Security. The data produced by the internet of things can be sensitive and confidential.
Passing such data across open networks can expose devices and data to snooping, theft and
hacking. Organizations planning an IoT project must consider the best ways to secure IoT
devices and data in flight and at rest. Encryption is a common approach for IoT data security.
Additional security must be applied to IoT devices to prevent hacking and malicious changes
to device configurations. Security involves various software tools and traditional security
devices, such as firewalls and intrusion detection and prevention systems.
3. Integration. Integration is getting everything to work together seamlessly, ensuring the
devices, infrastructure and tools added for IoT will interoperate with existing systems and
applications -- such as systems management and ERP -- already in place in the organization.
Proper integration requires careful planning and proof-of-principle testing along with a well-
researched selection of IoT tools and platforms, such as Apache Kafka or OpenRemote.
4. Analytics and reporting. The very top of an IoT architecture requires a detailed
understanding of how IoT data will be analyzed and used. This is the application layer, which
often includes the analytical tools, AI and ML modeling and training engines, and
visualization or rendering tools. Such tools can be acquired from third-party vendors or used
through cloud providers where data is stored and processed.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
BUSINESS USE CASES FOR IOT
The vast array of small and capable IoT devices has found meaningful business applications
in major industries. Consider some of the expanding use cases in five important industries:
1. Home (commercial or end user). IoT devices appear in homes for energy management,
security and even some task automation:

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
o Thermostats and lighting can be scheduled and controlled through internet
applications.
o Motion-activated sensors can trigger video and audio streams to homeowner
smartphones.
o Water sensors can watch basements for leaks.
o Smoke, fire and carbon dioxide detectors can report danger to users.
o IoT actuators can lock and unlock doors remotely.
o Smart refrigerators can track contents, and automated vacuums keep the home clean
without direct human intervention.
2. Manufacturing. IoT devices have found broad adoption in all manner of manufacturing and
industrial settings. Examples of the industrial internet of things (IIoT) include the following:
o IoT tags can track, locate and inventory enterprise assets.
o IoT devices can help monitor and optimize the use of energy, such as lowering lighting
when human-occupied areas are idle or lowering temperature settings during off-
hours.
o IoT sensors and actuators can support process automation and optimization.
o IoT devices can monitor all types of machine behaviors and parameters during normal
operation, enabling ML to guide predictive maintenance to optimize process uptime.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
3. Public (health and safety). IoT sensors with cellular-class connectivity can operate
collaboratively across metropolitan areas to serve a wide range of purposes:
o IoT devices can detect the presence of vehicle traffic, enabling cities to adjust street
lighting on idle streets and off-hours.
o Crime prevention efforts might include camera-based surveillance, while connected
audio detection can direct police to areas where gunfire is detected.
o Cameras can be used to determine and optimize traffic, while transponders and
cameras can read license plates or toll boxes to direct toll collection and management.
o Interconnected parking systems enable cities to track parking spots and alert drivers
to available spots through an app.
o Sensors can watch bridges and other structures for stress and problems, enabling
early detection and remediation.
o Sensors can monitor water quality, enabling early detection of contaminants or
pollutants.
4. Medical/health. IoT is present in remote patient telemetry and other medical uses:
o IoT exists in countless wireless wearable devices, including blood pressure cuffs, heart
rate monitors and glucometers. Devices can be tuned to watch for calories, exercise
goals and remind patients of appointments or medications.
o IoT enables early warning devices, such as fall detection, that alert health providers
and family members and even provide location information for the potential issue.
o The remote monitoring of IoT helps health providers track patient health and
adherence to treatment plans, and perhaps better correlate health issues with
telemetry data.
o Hospitals can use IoT to tag and track the real-time location of medical equipment,
including defibrillators, nebulizers, oxygen and wheelchairs.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
o IoT in staff badges can help locate and direct staff more efficiently.
o IoT can help with other equipment control, such as pharmacy inventory, refrigerator
temperatures and humidity and temperature control.
o IoT hygiene monitoring equipment can help ensure that medical environments are
clean and help reduce infection.
5. Retail. IoT and big data analytics have found extensive use in retail sales and physical store
environments:
o IoT devices can tag every product, enabling automated inventory control, loss
prevention and supply chain management -- placing orders based on sales and
inventory levels.
o Cameras and other surveillance technologies can watch shopper activity and
preferences, helping retail stores optimize layouts and organize related products to
maximize sales.
o IoT devices can support touchless and scanless checkout and payment, such as near
field communication payment.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
WHAT ARE THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF IOT?
When business leaders research and consider IoT adoption, it's easy to find lists that cite the
benefits of IoT, such as more efficient operations and long-term cost savings. Although this
can be true, such conversations are mainly tangential to the principal overarching benefits of
IoT: knowledge and insight.
Accurate and timely decisions demand knowledge and insight that can be difficult or even
impossible to obtain. Businesses strive for such knowledge and insight, using it each time a
sales manager forecasts the next quarter's revenue, or a production manager decides
whether to shut down a key machine in a vital production line for routine maintenance. The
stakes are far higher when state inspectors discover structural defects in long-neglected
municipal infrastructure or physicians struggle to keep an aging patient healthy.
IoT provides better immediate knowledge through measuring and reporting specific real-
world conditions. It's modern instrumentation: The real-world condition can be examined
and responded to in real time. If a heart rate monitor alerts to an excessive heart rate, the
patient can slow down and relax to lower the heart rate to an acceptable level, take
appropriate medication, contact their physician for further guidance or even call for medical
assistance. If a traffic monitoring system sees a backup on a major highway, it can update

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
travel apps of the prevailing conditions and enable commuters to select alternate routes and
avoid the congestion.
But the real power and benefit of IoT is the long-term insights it can provide to business
leaders. Consider the vast number of IoT sensors that can be distributed throughout
equipment, vehicles, buildings, campuses and municipal areas that enable better long-term
insight through advanced analytics -- the back-end computing processes capable of
evaluating and correlating a huge quantity of seemingly unrelated data to answer business
questions and make accurate predictions about future circumstances. The data collected can
also be used to train ML models, supporting the development of AI initiatives that achieve a
deep understanding of the data and its relationships.
For example, the varied sensors distributed in an industrial machine can be analyzed to
detect variations in operation and condition, which might suggest the need for maintenance
or even predict an impending failure. Such insights enable a business to order parts,
schedule maintenance or make proactive repairs while minimizing the disruption to normal
operations.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES OF IOT?
IoT projects can bring strong benefits to the business regardless of the deployment scope.
But IoT can also pose serious challenges that a business must recognize and consider before
undertaking any IoT project.
Project design. Although IoT devices readily implement a variety of standards, such as Wi-Fi
or 5G, there are currently no significant international standards that guide the design and
implementation of IoT architectures; there's no rulebook to explain how to approach an IoT
project. This allows for a great deal of flexibility in design, but also allows for major design
flaws and oversights. IoT projects should generally be led by IT staff with IoT expertise, but
such know-how shifts day to day. Ultimately, there is no substitute for careful, well-
considered design and demonstrated performance based on copious testing and proof-of-
principle projects.
Data storage and retention. IoT devices produce enormous amounts of data, which is readily
multiplied by the number of devices involved. That data is a valuable business asset that
must be stored and secured. And unlike traditional business data, such as emails and
contracts, IoT data is highly time-sensitive. For example, a vehicle's speed or road data
conditions reported yesterday or last month might have no timeliness today or next year.
This means IoT data might possess a radically different lifecycle than traditional business

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
data. This requires a significant investment in storage capacity, data security and data
lifecycle management.
Network support. IoT data must traverse an IP network, such as a LAN or the public internet.
Consider the effect of IoT device data on network bandwidth and ensure that adequate,
reliable bandwidth is available. Congested networks with dropped packets and high latency
can delay IoT data. This might involve some architectural changes to the network and
addition of dedicated networks. For example, rather than pass all IoT data across the
internet, a business might opt to deploy an edge computing architecture that stores and
preprocesses the raw data locally before passing only curated data to a central location for
analysis.
Device and data security. IoT devices are small computers connected to a common network,
making them vulnerable to hacking and data theft. IoT projects must implement secure
configurations to protect devices, data in flight and data at rest. A proper and well-planned
IoT security posture might have direct implications for regulatory compliance.
Device management. One often overlooked problem is the proliferation of IoT devices.
Every single IoT device must be procured, prepared, installed, connected, configured,
managed, maintained and ultimately replaced or retired. It's one thing to deal with this for a
few servers, but another problem entirely for hundreds, thousands or even tens of

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
thousands of IoT devices. Consider the logistical nightmare involved in battery procurement
and replacement for thousands of remote IoT devices. IoT leaders must employ tools to
manage IoT devices from initial setup and configuration through monitoring, routine
maintenance and disposition.
IOT SECURITY AND COMPLIANCE
IT and business leaders must embrace the considerations of security and compliance in any
IoT deployment. IoT devices present the same basic security vulnerabilities found in any
networked computer. The problem with IoT is volume:
• Some IoT devices might overlook a full complement of security features or implement weak
security standards, such as no default password.
• There can be tens or even hundreds of thousands of IoT devices involved in an IoT
deployment, each posing the same potential weaknesses.
• IT admins must employ tools capable of discovering, configuring and monitoring all IoT
devices in the deployment.
• Every IoT device must be configured to enable and use the strongest possible security
features.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
IoT security can pose problems for businesses
because weak default security is multiplied by
countless devices that all rely on human
monitoring and management efforts. The attack
surface can be enormous. Thus, IoT security
comes down to three principal issues:
• Design. Select IoT devices with the strongest
available security features.
• Process. Implement tools, policies and practices
that successfully discover and properly configure
every IoT device, including device firmware
upgrades when available.
• Diligence. Use tools to monitor and enforce IoT
device configurations, along with security tools
suited for detecting intrusion or malware in IoT
device deployments.
Still, IoT devices are plagued by a range of potentially devastating attacks that include botnet
attacks, weak DNS systems that can allow the introduction of malware, ransomware, the potential
attack vectors caused by unauthorized and unsecured devices on the network, and even the threat
of physical security.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
Security risks carry corresponding risks to an organization's compliance posture. Imagine
what happens when patient data is stolen from a medical IoT infrastructure or a business
can't manufacture products because hackers have infected the IoT infrastructure with
ransomware. Such events create potential compliance headaches for business leaders and
regulators. Any discussion of IoT security must include a careful evaluation of compliance.
IoT is still evolving. There are no common, broadly adopted standards for designing,
configuring, operating and securing an IoT infrastructure. In most cases, all a business can do
is document design and process decisions and attempt to correlate them to other IT best
practices. One example is to choose IoT devices that adhere to existing technological
standards, such as IPv6, and connectivity standards, including Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi,
Thread, Zigbee and Z-Wave. It's a good start, but often not enough.
Fortunately, additional compliance standards are emerging from industry-leading
organizations, such as the IEEE. IEEE 2413-2019 is the IEEE Standard for an Architectural
Framework for IoT. The standard offers a common architectural framework for IoT across
transportation, healthcare, utility and other domains. It conforms to the international
standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011. Although such standards don't guarantee compliance by
themselves, organizations that follow the established frameworks and practices can
strengthen existing compliance postures in IoT implementation.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
IOT SERVICES AND BUSINESS MODELS
Getting countless individual IoT devices set up can be a daunting task, but processing that
data to divine useful business intelligence can bring its own problems, too. As the IoT
industry evolves, the IoT ecosystem is expanding to bring new support for IoT
implementation and facilitate new business models.
One of the biggest issues with IoT is simply getting it to work. Infrastructure demands can be
extensive, security is often problematic, and processing can add new complexity for the
business. IoT vendors are addressing these problems with a growing number of SaaS
platforms designed to simplify IoT adoption and eliminate many of the deep investments
typically needed for gateways, edge computing and other IoT-specific elements.
IoT SaaS operates between the IoT device field and the enterprise. SaaS handles many of the
important elements that an enterprise must otherwise provide. For example, the SaaS
offering typically handles mundane infrastructure tasks, such as data security and reporting.
But the SaaS offering will often include much of the high-level processing and computing,
such as analytics, with additional support for ML. This relieves the enterprise data center
from this IoT burden, and the business can focus on receiving and using the resulting
analyses.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
IoT SaaS offerings provide similar features, so carefully consider the pricing to select the
provider best suited to the number of IoT devices, data volumes and analytical needs of your
organization. Typical IoT SaaS providers include Altair SmartWorks, EMnify, Google Cloud IoT
Core, IBM Watson IoT Platform, Microsoft Azure IoT Hub and Oracle IoT.
IoT isn't just changing the way businesses operate. It's enabling a variety of new business
models that let organizations derive revenue from IoT projects and products. There are at
least four types of business models that IoT can facilitate effectively:
1. Salable data. The raw data gathered by IoT devices can readily be monetized. For example,
the data gathered by a personal fitness tracker might be interesting to health insurance
companies seeking to adjust rates based on consumer fitness activity.
2. Business-to-business and business-to-consumer. IoT is all about collecting and analyzing
data, and such analytics can be used to identify and optimize brand loyalty or drive
additional sales based on business needs or consumer activities identified by IoT devices.
3. IoT platforms. The data and analytics yielded by IoT can form the foundation of platforms
that offer AI services -- think Amazon's Alexa. Those platforms continue to learn and
improve, and the services offered can be integrated by third-party businesses for a fee.
4. Pay-per-use. Businesses such as bicycle or scooter rentals are readily facilitated by IoT
technologies where equipment can be located by GPS and found by users with
corresponding apps, then accessed, used and paid for automatically. IoT data can analyze
utilization and maintenance patterns to optimize the business process.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING IOT?
There are numerous technical issues for IoT, including the selection and deployment of
devices, network connectivity and building adequate analytical capabilities and capacity. But
all those considerations relate to the actual building and operation of an IoT infrastructure.
For many organizations, the initial questions are far simpler: Why do it, and how should we
start?
As with any IT project, an IoT initiative must start with a clear strategy that outlines the
purpose of the project and clearly states its goals. Such an initial strategy might also
underscore the intended value proposition -- such as increased productivity or decreased
costs through predictive maintenance -- of the project to justify the financial and intellectual
investment required.
With a strategy in mind, the business usually moves into a period of research and
experimentation to identify IoT products, software and other infrastructure elements.
Project managers then implement limited proof-of-principle projects to demonstrate the
technology and refine its deployment and management tactics, such as configuration and
security. At the same time, analysts evaluate ways to use the resulting data and understand
the tools and computing infrastructure needed to derive business intelligence from the IoT

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
data. This might involve using limited data center resources for small-scale analytics, with an
eye to public cloud resources and services as the IoT project scales.
A business can approach an IoT project in three ways:
1. The effort might be experimental, assembling a platform and allowing users to find value.
2. The effort might be more formal, employing a clear project blueprint and project timeline.
3. The effort might represent a complete commitment to IoT across the organization, though
such an effort usually requires more expertise and confidence in IoT compared to others.
Regardless of the approach, the key is to remain focused on the value IoT brings to the business.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
WHAT ARE THE RISKS AND CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING IOT?
Although the risks are generally well understood, the sheer volume and diversity of IoT
devices requires a greater level of attention and control than a business might otherwise
exercise. The most detrimental risks of IoT environments include the following:
• Inability to discover all IoT devices. IoT tools and practices must be capable of discovering
and configuring all IoT devices in the environment. Undiscovered devices are unmanaged
devices, which can provide attack vectors for hackers to access the network. In a broader
sense, admins must be able to discover and control all devices on the network.
• Weak or absent access control. IoT security depends on the proper authentication and
authorization of each device. This is strengthened by each device's unique identifier, but it's
still important to configure each IoT device for least privilege -- accessing only the network
resources that are essential. Reinforce other security measures by adopting strong
passwords and enabling network encryption for every IoT device.
• Ignored or overlooked device updates. IoT devices can require periodic updates or patches
to internal software or firmware. Ignoring or overlooking a device update can leave IoT
devices susceptible to intrusion or hacking. Consider update logistics and practices when
designing an IoT environment. Some devices might be difficult or impossible to update in the
field and might even be inaccessible or problematic to take offline.
• Poor or weak network security. IoT deployments can add thousands of devices to a LAN.
Each new device opens a potential access point for intrusion. Organizations that implement
IoT often implement additional network-wide security measures, including intrusion
detection and prevention systems, tightly controlled firewalls and comprehensive

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
antimalware tools. Organizations might also opt to segment the IoT network from the rest of
the IT network.
• Lack of security policy or process. Policy and process is vital for proper network security.
This represents the combination of tools and practices used to configure, monitor and
enforce device security across the network. Proper documentation, clear configuration
guidelines and rapid reporting and response are all part of IoT and everyday network
security.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
STEPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
There is no single ubiquitous approach to designing and implementing an IoT infrastructure.
But there is a common suite of considerations that can potentially help organizations check
all the boxes to successfully architect and deploy an IoT project. Below are some important
implementation considerations.
Network connectivity. IoT devices can offer several alternatives for connectivity, including
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G and 5G. There's no rule that requires all devices to use the same
connectivity but standardizing on one approach can simplify device configuration and
monitoring. Also decide whether sensors and actuators should use the same network or a
different one.
IoT hub. Simply passing all IoT data directly from devices to an analytics platform can result
in disparate connections and poor performance. An intermediary platform, such as an IoT
hub, can help organize, preprocess and encrypt data from devices across an area before
sending that data along for analytics. If a remote facility is IoT-enabled, a hub might gather
and preprocess that IoT data at the edge before sending it along for further analysis.
Aggregation and analytics. After the data is collected, it might drive reporting systems and
actuators or be gathered for deeper analysis, query and other big data purposes. Decide on
the software tools used to process, analyze, visualize and drive ML. One example includes

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
the choice of IoT database and database architectures -- SQL vs. NoSQL, or static vs.
streaming. These tools might be deployed in the local data center or used through SaaS or
cloud providers.
Device management and control. Use a software tool capable of reliably servicing all the IoT
devices deployed throughout the IoT project's lifecycle. Look for high levels of automation
and group management capabilities to streamline configuration and reduce errors. IoT
device patching and updating is emerging as a problem, and organizations should pay close
attention to update and upgrade workflows.
Security. Every IoT device is a potential security vulnerability, so an IoT implementation must
include a careful consideration of IoT configuration and integration into existing security
tools and platforms, such as intrusion detection and prevention systems and antimalware
tools.
WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF IOT?
The future of IoT can be difficult to predict because the technology and its applications are
still relatively new and have enormous growth potential. Still, it's possible to make some
fundamental predictions.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
IoT devices will continue to proliferate. The next few years will see billions of additional IoT
devices added to the internet, fueled by a combination of technologies -- including 5G
connectivity -- and countless new business use cases emerging across major industries, such
as healthcare and manufacturing.
Coming years should also see a reevaluation and increase in IoT security, starting with initial
device design through business selection and implementation. Future devices will
incorporate stronger security features enabled by default. Existing security tools, such as
intrusion detection and prevention, will include support for IoT architectures with
comprehensive logging and active remediation. At the same time, IoT device management
tools will increasingly emphasize security auditing and automatically address IoT device
security weaknesses.
In addition, some aspects of AI and IoT are converging to form a hybrid artificial intelligence
of things (AIoT) technology intended to blend the data-gathering capabilities of IoT with the
computing and decision-making capabilities of AI. AIoT can create a platform more capable
of human-machine interaction and advanced learning capabilities.
Finally, IoT data volumes will continue to grow and translate into new revenue opportunities
for businesses. That data will increasingly drive ML and AI initiatives across multiple
industries, from science to transportation to finance to retail.

In this handbook:
Introduction
What is IoT?
How does IoT work?
IoT architecture?
benefits of IoT?
of IoT?
IoT security and
compliance
models
What are the
requirements for
implementing IoT?
challenges of
implementing IoT?
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9 IoT training certifications to take your next career step

Ultimate_IoT_Implementation_Guide_for_Businesses EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

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