Legislative landscape presentation for policy brainstormingMSCSA
This document discusses several policy issues facing Minnesota higher education including credit transfer, affordability, college readiness, workforce needs, and the state legislative and budget outlooks. It also provides federal legislative context regarding budget challenges, sequestration cuts, and a divided federal government. Key topics covered are tuition increases, scholarship campaigns, aligning K-12 assessments with college placement exams, bonding requests for capital projects, and the "Unsession" aimed at repealing outdated state legislation.
Phillip L. Swagel presents an overview of the 2021 long-term budget outlook to the Conference Board on May 20, 2021. The presentation discusses CBO projections that show growing deficits driving federal debt held by the public to unprecedented levels over 30 years, reaching over 200% of GDP by 2051. Net interest payments account for most growth in total deficits in later decades. Faster economic and productivity growth could reduce debt levels compared to current projections of slower potential GDP growth.
This presentation summarizes the Congressional Budget Office's long-term budget projections. It finds that U.S. debt held by the public is close to historical highs and is expected to increase rapidly in coming decades under current law. Net spending on interest and major health and retirement programs are projected to rise significantly as a share of the economy, contributing to growing deficits and debt levels that could exceed 200% of GDP by 2051.
At 78 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), federal debt held by the public is now at its highest level since shortly after World War II. If current laws generally remained unchanged, CBO projects, growing budget deficits would boost that debt sharply over the next 30 years; it would approach 100 percent of GDP by the end of the next decade and 152 percent by 2048. That amount would be the highest in the nation’s history by far. The prospect of large and growing debt poses substantial risks for the nation and presents policymakers with significant challenges.
- The number of elderly people in the US is expected to grow substantially by 2050, increasing the demand for long-term services and supports (LTSS). Currently about 80% of elderly people receiving LTSS live in the community while 20% live in institutional settings like nursing homes.
- LTSS are financed through a mix of informal (unpaid) care provided by family/friends valued at $234 billion annually, and formal care paid for by Medicaid, Medicare and private sources totaling $192 billion in 2011. As the elderly population grows, financing LTSS will place increasing demands on families and federal and state budgets.
- Three potential scenarios for the future prevalence of functional limitations among the elderly and resulting demand for
This document summarizes Phillip L. Swagel's presentation to the National Association for Business Economics on March 23, 2021 about the Congressional Budget Office's 2021 long-term budget outlook. It projects that growing deficits will drive federal debt held by the public to over 200% of GDP by 2051. Net interest costs are projected to account for most of the growth in total deficits in the last two decades. Individual income tax increases are projected to account for most of the rise in total revenues relative to GDP through 2051.
Legislative landscape presentation for policy brainstormingMSCSA
This document discusses several policy issues facing Minnesota higher education including credit transfer, affordability, college readiness, workforce needs, and the state legislative and budget outlooks. It also provides federal legislative context regarding budget challenges, sequestration cuts, and a divided federal government. Key topics covered are tuition increases, scholarship campaigns, aligning K-12 assessments with college placement exams, bonding requests for capital projects, and the "Unsession" aimed at repealing outdated state legislation.
Phillip L. Swagel presents an overview of the 2021 long-term budget outlook to the Conference Board on May 20, 2021. The presentation discusses CBO projections that show growing deficits driving federal debt held by the public to unprecedented levels over 30 years, reaching over 200% of GDP by 2051. Net interest payments account for most growth in total deficits in later decades. Faster economic and productivity growth could reduce debt levels compared to current projections of slower potential GDP growth.
This presentation summarizes the Congressional Budget Office's long-term budget projections. It finds that U.S. debt held by the public is close to historical highs and is expected to increase rapidly in coming decades under current law. Net spending on interest and major health and retirement programs are projected to rise significantly as a share of the economy, contributing to growing deficits and debt levels that could exceed 200% of GDP by 2051.
At 78 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), federal debt held by the public is now at its highest level since shortly after World War II. If current laws generally remained unchanged, CBO projects, growing budget deficits would boost that debt sharply over the next 30 years; it would approach 100 percent of GDP by the end of the next decade and 152 percent by 2048. That amount would be the highest in the nation’s history by far. The prospect of large and growing debt poses substantial risks for the nation and presents policymakers with significant challenges.
- The number of elderly people in the US is expected to grow substantially by 2050, increasing the demand for long-term services and supports (LTSS). Currently about 80% of elderly people receiving LTSS live in the community while 20% live in institutional settings like nursing homes.
- LTSS are financed through a mix of informal (unpaid) care provided by family/friends valued at $234 billion annually, and formal care paid for by Medicaid, Medicare and private sources totaling $192 billion in 2011. As the elderly population grows, financing LTSS will place increasing demands on families and federal and state budgets.
- Three potential scenarios for the future prevalence of functional limitations among the elderly and resulting demand for
This document summarizes Phillip L. Swagel's presentation to the National Association for Business Economics on March 23, 2021 about the Congressional Budget Office's 2021 long-term budget outlook. It projects that growing deficits will drive federal debt held by the public to over 200% of GDP by 2051. Net interest costs are projected to account for most of the growth in total deficits in the last two decades. Individual income tax increases are projected to account for most of the rise in total revenues relative to GDP through 2051.
Presentation by Christina Hawley Anthony, Chief of the Projections Unit in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, to the National Conference of State Legislatures Base Camp.
Preventive medical services encompass a wide range of interventions, including vaccinations that prevent diseases from occurring and screening tests designed to detect the presence of a disease before symptoms appear. Delivering preventive medical services results in costs for each person using the service. Vaccinations may cause some of those people to avoid the targeted disease, and screenings may allow some people to receive treatment earlier. Those people generally benefit from preventive medical services, but the net result can be decreases or increases in overall health care spending.
In this presentation, CBO’s Director provides an overview of the agency’s methods for estimating the budgetary effects of proposals to expand the use of preventive medical services.
Phillip Swagel, Director of CBO, presented on CBO's budget and economic analysis during the pandemic. Key points included:
- CBO estimated the budgetary effects of major COVID relief laws from 2020-2021, which increased the deficit by trillions of dollars.
- Relief programs like PPP and enhanced unemployment benefits boosted GDP but also increased the deficit.
- The pandemic led to employment losses and reduced health insurance coverage in 2020.
- CBO continues to analyze the pandemic's impacts on health care spending, the labor market, and the broader economy.
Phillip L. Swagel presented CBO's updated budget and economic projections to J.P. Morgan's Virtual Investor Meeting on July 20, 2021. According to the projections, primary deficits will hover around 2% of GDP through 2029 and increase to 3% thereafter. Despite low interest rates through 2023, net interest costs will rise from 1.3% of GDP in 2024 to 2.7% in 2031. The projected deficit for 2021 increased by a third due to recently enacted legislation, while projected cumulative deficits for 2022-2031 were largely unchanged. Federal debt is projected to reach 106% of GDP by 2031, matching the previous peak in 1946.
CBO makes baseline economic and budget projections covering the next 10 years and also the next 30 years. The projections incorporate the assumption that current laws generally do not change. To produce the 30-year economic projections, CBO uses its policy growth model, which relies on a standard economic framework that focuses on the inputs that drive growth in the supply side of the economy: the amount of labor, the productive services provided by capital, and total factor productivity.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, and Jeffrey Werling, Assistant Director of CBO's Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the 2019 Social Security Technical Panel.
This presentation highlights laws that have been enacted to address a lapse in appropriations, CBO’s cost estimates for some recently proposed legislation that would provide spending authority during such a lapse, and other proposals introduced in the 116th Congress that would provide spending authority when there is a lapse in appropriations.
Presentation by Justin Riordan, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the American Association of Budget and Policy Analysis Spring 2019 Symposium.
Under current law, the Congressional Budget Office projects that deficits will increase over the next few years and remain above the 50-year average through 2028. Revenues are expected to rise as a percentage of GDP due to scheduled tax changes and economic growth, but spending on Social Security and Medicare will also increase, pushing up mandatory outlays. As a result, federal debt held by the public is projected to rise from 78% of GDP in 2018 to 96% by 2028, which would be the highest since 1946. An alternative scenario in which current policies are maintained could result in debt reaching 105% of GDP by 2028.
In 2012, the federal government spent $531 billion on investment—for physical capital; research and development; and education and training—which represented 15 percent of federal spending and 3 percent of GDP.
CBO strives to be transparent in its work through various methods including testifying before Congress, publishing explanations of its analytical methods and models, releasing underlying data, analyzing past estimate accuracy, comparing current and previous estimates, characterizing uncertainty, creating visualizations, and conducting outreach. Being transparent has costs that must be weighed against the benefits of different transparency activities. In the coming year, CBO aims to publish more documentation of its models and estimates.
Trump's Budget Proposal & its Relevancy to EconomicsEsperanza Varela
This document summarizes a student's analysis of President Trump's 2018 budget proposal in relation to their macroeconomics class. It discusses why the student chose this topic, an overview of the federal budget process, highlights of Trump's proposal including increased defense and immigration enforcement spending, and potential impacts such as funding cuts to programs like Sesame Street. It also notes criticism that while the proposal pleases some Republicans, it may not appeal to ordinary Trump voters who benefit from programs it cuts.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the 35th Annual NABE Economic Policy Conference.
Federal debt is already large, and budget deficits over the next decade and beyond are projected to keep pushing it up in relation to the size of the economy. Eventually, debt as a share of economic output would reach its highest level in our nation’s history.
Federal health care spending is growing faster than both the economy and other areas of federal spending due to three main factors: population aging, expansion of federal subsidies for health insurance through the Affordable Care Act, and rising health care costs per person. While population aging cannot be addressed, lawmakers could roll back the ACA's expansion of coverage or reduce federal subsidies to lower spending. CBO analyzed options like repealing the ACA, limiting exchange subsidies, and increasing Medicare premiums that could significantly reduce spending. Addressing rising health care costs per person will also be important to control long-term spending growth.
Douglas Elmendorf, director of the Congressional Budget Office, gave a presentation on the federal budget and possible policy changes. He outlined that under current law, spending on Social Security and Medicare will increase relative to GDP by 2023 while the deficit will be larger than its 40-year average. The House Republican plan would balance the budget through large cuts to non-defense discretionary spending. The Senate Democratic plan would decrease the deficit through tax increases and modest cuts to defense and non-mandatory spending. Putting the debt on a sustainable path will require taxes increases or benefit cuts that impact the middle class.
Douglas Elmendorf, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, presented on the shifting priorities in the federal budget under current law. He noted that federal debt will be much larger relative to GDP than in history and spending on benefits for older Americans and healthcare will rise substantially while other spending falls. By 2020, spending on Social Security and major healthcare programs will be 50% larger than the past 40 years average while all other spending will be at its lowest level in over 70 years. This unsustainable path will require cutting benefits, raising taxes, or a combination of both.
The Congressional Budget Office presentation summarizes approaches to reduce federal spending on the Defense Health System. Military health care costs have risen significantly and are projected to account for over 16% of the DoD budget by 2030. TRICARE beneficiaries now pay less out-of-pocket than civilian counterparts. Options to slow cost growth include increasing fees and copayments for retirees or preventing enrollment in prime plans. These could save billions annually. Smaller approaches like disease management and auditing fraud may only save around $100 million each year.
Appropriation acts provide authority for federal programs or agencies to incur obligations and make payments. When appropriations lapse, the result is what is commonly called a government shutdown. This presentation briefly describes various legislative proposals related to a shutdown, such as a recently enacted law that pays furloughed federal workers once a shutdown ends and a proposed bill that would keep funding government operations at their current rate during a shutdown.
Mandatory spending in the US federal budget in 2013 totaled $2.0 trillion, or 12.2% of GDP. The largest portions were $861 billion on major health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, $808 billion on Social Security, and $340 billion on income security programs. Mandatory spending has increased as a percentage of GDP from 10.6% in 1993 due to growth in major health care programs and income security programs.
Presentation given by Professor Sophie Witter on 17th May 2018 for the American University of Beirut Global Health Institute's Webinar series: "Global Health and Conflict". This webinar theme: Health Systems in Situations of Fragility.
This document analyzes the implications of Brexit for the voluntary sector in the UK. It finds that in the short term, Brexit will lead to uncertainty as the government delays major decisions until negotiations are further along. This may cause funding and policy paralysis. In the long term, Brexit could reduce EU funding and public spending on services. It may also exacerbate social tensions and divisions in communities. The voluntary sector has an important role to play in bringing people together and ensuring vulnerable voices are heard during the Brexit process.
Presentation by Christina Hawley Anthony, Chief of the Projections Unit in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, to the National Conference of State Legislatures Base Camp.
Preventive medical services encompass a wide range of interventions, including vaccinations that prevent diseases from occurring and screening tests designed to detect the presence of a disease before symptoms appear. Delivering preventive medical services results in costs for each person using the service. Vaccinations may cause some of those people to avoid the targeted disease, and screenings may allow some people to receive treatment earlier. Those people generally benefit from preventive medical services, but the net result can be decreases or increases in overall health care spending.
In this presentation, CBO’s Director provides an overview of the agency’s methods for estimating the budgetary effects of proposals to expand the use of preventive medical services.
Phillip Swagel, Director of CBO, presented on CBO's budget and economic analysis during the pandemic. Key points included:
- CBO estimated the budgetary effects of major COVID relief laws from 2020-2021, which increased the deficit by trillions of dollars.
- Relief programs like PPP and enhanced unemployment benefits boosted GDP but also increased the deficit.
- The pandemic led to employment losses and reduced health insurance coverage in 2020.
- CBO continues to analyze the pandemic's impacts on health care spending, the labor market, and the broader economy.
Phillip L. Swagel presented CBO's updated budget and economic projections to J.P. Morgan's Virtual Investor Meeting on July 20, 2021. According to the projections, primary deficits will hover around 2% of GDP through 2029 and increase to 3% thereafter. Despite low interest rates through 2023, net interest costs will rise from 1.3% of GDP in 2024 to 2.7% in 2031. The projected deficit for 2021 increased by a third due to recently enacted legislation, while projected cumulative deficits for 2022-2031 were largely unchanged. Federal debt is projected to reach 106% of GDP by 2031, matching the previous peak in 1946.
CBO makes baseline economic and budget projections covering the next 10 years and also the next 30 years. The projections incorporate the assumption that current laws generally do not change. To produce the 30-year economic projections, CBO uses its policy growth model, which relies on a standard economic framework that focuses on the inputs that drive growth in the supply side of the economy: the amount of labor, the productive services provided by capital, and total factor productivity.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, and Jeffrey Werling, Assistant Director of CBO's Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the 2019 Social Security Technical Panel.
This presentation highlights laws that have been enacted to address a lapse in appropriations, CBO’s cost estimates for some recently proposed legislation that would provide spending authority during such a lapse, and other proposals introduced in the 116th Congress that would provide spending authority when there is a lapse in appropriations.
Presentation by Justin Riordan, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the American Association of Budget and Policy Analysis Spring 2019 Symposium.
Under current law, the Congressional Budget Office projects that deficits will increase over the next few years and remain above the 50-year average through 2028. Revenues are expected to rise as a percentage of GDP due to scheduled tax changes and economic growth, but spending on Social Security and Medicare will also increase, pushing up mandatory outlays. As a result, federal debt held by the public is projected to rise from 78% of GDP in 2018 to 96% by 2028, which would be the highest since 1946. An alternative scenario in which current policies are maintained could result in debt reaching 105% of GDP by 2028.
In 2012, the federal government spent $531 billion on investment—for physical capital; research and development; and education and training—which represented 15 percent of federal spending and 3 percent of GDP.
CBO strives to be transparent in its work through various methods including testifying before Congress, publishing explanations of its analytical methods and models, releasing underlying data, analyzing past estimate accuracy, comparing current and previous estimates, characterizing uncertainty, creating visualizations, and conducting outreach. Being transparent has costs that must be weighed against the benefits of different transparency activities. In the coming year, CBO aims to publish more documentation of its models and estimates.
Trump's Budget Proposal & its Relevancy to EconomicsEsperanza Varela
This document summarizes a student's analysis of President Trump's 2018 budget proposal in relation to their macroeconomics class. It discusses why the student chose this topic, an overview of the federal budget process, highlights of Trump's proposal including increased defense and immigration enforcement spending, and potential impacts such as funding cuts to programs like Sesame Street. It also notes criticism that while the proposal pleases some Republicans, it may not appeal to ordinary Trump voters who benefit from programs it cuts.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the 35th Annual NABE Economic Policy Conference.
Federal debt is already large, and budget deficits over the next decade and beyond are projected to keep pushing it up in relation to the size of the economy. Eventually, debt as a share of economic output would reach its highest level in our nation’s history.
Federal health care spending is growing faster than both the economy and other areas of federal spending due to three main factors: population aging, expansion of federal subsidies for health insurance through the Affordable Care Act, and rising health care costs per person. While population aging cannot be addressed, lawmakers could roll back the ACA's expansion of coverage or reduce federal subsidies to lower spending. CBO analyzed options like repealing the ACA, limiting exchange subsidies, and increasing Medicare premiums that could significantly reduce spending. Addressing rising health care costs per person will also be important to control long-term spending growth.
Douglas Elmendorf, director of the Congressional Budget Office, gave a presentation on the federal budget and possible policy changes. He outlined that under current law, spending on Social Security and Medicare will increase relative to GDP by 2023 while the deficit will be larger than its 40-year average. The House Republican plan would balance the budget through large cuts to non-defense discretionary spending. The Senate Democratic plan would decrease the deficit through tax increases and modest cuts to defense and non-mandatory spending. Putting the debt on a sustainable path will require taxes increases or benefit cuts that impact the middle class.
Douglas Elmendorf, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, presented on the shifting priorities in the federal budget under current law. He noted that federal debt will be much larger relative to GDP than in history and spending on benefits for older Americans and healthcare will rise substantially while other spending falls. By 2020, spending on Social Security and major healthcare programs will be 50% larger than the past 40 years average while all other spending will be at its lowest level in over 70 years. This unsustainable path will require cutting benefits, raising taxes, or a combination of both.
The Congressional Budget Office presentation summarizes approaches to reduce federal spending on the Defense Health System. Military health care costs have risen significantly and are projected to account for over 16% of the DoD budget by 2030. TRICARE beneficiaries now pay less out-of-pocket than civilian counterparts. Options to slow cost growth include increasing fees and copayments for retirees or preventing enrollment in prime plans. These could save billions annually. Smaller approaches like disease management and auditing fraud may only save around $100 million each year.
Appropriation acts provide authority for federal programs or agencies to incur obligations and make payments. When appropriations lapse, the result is what is commonly called a government shutdown. This presentation briefly describes various legislative proposals related to a shutdown, such as a recently enacted law that pays furloughed federal workers once a shutdown ends and a proposed bill that would keep funding government operations at their current rate during a shutdown.
Mandatory spending in the US federal budget in 2013 totaled $2.0 trillion, or 12.2% of GDP. The largest portions were $861 billion on major health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, $808 billion on Social Security, and $340 billion on income security programs. Mandatory spending has increased as a percentage of GDP from 10.6% in 1993 due to growth in major health care programs and income security programs.
Presentation given by Professor Sophie Witter on 17th May 2018 for the American University of Beirut Global Health Institute's Webinar series: "Global Health and Conflict". This webinar theme: Health Systems in Situations of Fragility.
This document analyzes the implications of Brexit for the voluntary sector in the UK. It finds that in the short term, Brexit will lead to uncertainty as the government delays major decisions until negotiations are further along. This may cause funding and policy paralysis. In the long term, Brexit could reduce EU funding and public spending on services. It may also exacerbate social tensions and divisions in communities. The voluntary sector has an important role to play in bringing people together and ensuring vulnerable voices are heard during the Brexit process.
The structural forces of changing demographics, environmental challenges, economic shifts, and advancing technologies are interacting in complex ways and exacerbating fragmentation, disequilibrium, and contestation at all levels of human organization. This is producing a more contested and uncertain world characterized by intensifying global challenges, growing divisions within societies and states, and a more competitive international system strained by rising tensions between major powers. How these dynamics unfold and how human actors respond will determine the trajectory between more optimistic or pessimistic scenarios for the future, from a renaissance of democracies to separate ideological silos. Adaptation to these forces of change will be imperative for all communities, states and the international system.
The structural forces of changing demographics, environmental challenges, economic shifts, and advancing technologies are interacting with human responses to shape emerging dynamics at the societal, state, and international levels. This is creating disequilibrium that is fueling greater contestation within communities, between states, and across the international system. How these dynamics unfold and interact over the next two decades will determine the trajectory of the global order in 2040, with scenarios ranging from a democratic renaissance to separate spheres of international influence. Adaptation to these forces of change will be imperative for all actors.
This document analyzes the socio-economic impact of public spending in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It discusses how public spending is intended to guarantee economic and social stability, but the country's socio-economic situation has deteriorated with high unemployment, lack of infrastructure, and other issues. The document hypothesizes that public spending has had a negative impact in the DRC and explores possible strategies to make the impact positive. It outlines the methodology used, which includes legal and sociological methods as well as documentary research and questionnaires.
The document discusses the roles of provincial and national government agencies in ecological profiling. The province can provide common data sources, methodology and templates to facilitate analysis across local government units. National agencies can provide tools, training, data and maps to local governments to assist with data gathering, analysis and monitoring of development issues. Suggested sources of data include inventories, surveys, census data, community monitoring systems, local governance performance monitoring and donor project reports. The document also discusses major changes over decades that impact rural classification systems, such as economic restructuring, changes to the state, new institutional arrangements and growing inequality.
Jack Radisch - OECD - 6th OECD Workshop on strategic crisis managementOECD Governance
Presentation by Jack Radisch, Senior Project Manager of the OECD High Level Risk Forum, at the 6th Workshop on Strategic Crisis Management in Geneva on 12-13 June 2017. The event was organised by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Chancellery, bringing together government crisis managers and practitioners from international organisations, industry and leading think-tanks to share strategic insights and cutting-edge policy responses. For further information please see http://www.oecd.org/governance/6th-workshop-strategic-crisis-management.htm
Long-erm Care and Health Care Insurance in OECD and Other CountriesΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
This report carries out a stocktaking of what systems have in OECD and non-OECD countries for longterm care and health care, as well as the types of insurance products that are made available in these countries. It is part of a broader project that examines the complementarity of the social security network with the private insurance market, which examines how insurance could support the public sector longterm care and health care systems, as well as considering the financing of long-term care and health care.
This document summarizes three scenarios for the future of pensions and healthcare in 2030 that were developed as part of the World Economic Forum's Financing Demographic Shifts 2030 project:
1) "The Winners and the Rest" - Global growth delays the impact of aging populations, but inequality grows as scaled-back social security systems are seen as inadequate by many.
2) "We Are in This Together" - Leaders prioritize reducing inequality and collective responsibility for social services through innovative, efficient solutions despite moderate growth.
3) "You Are on Your Own" - A prolonged economic recession overwhelms state pension/healthcare systems, forcing governments to shift responsibilities to individuals and the private sector while maintaining
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This document discusses the evolution of resilience in the UK from 2004 to 2014. It outlines key frameworks for resilience, including the Civil Contingencies Act of 2004, the five Rs model of 2011, and the 2014 British Standard for organizational resilience. It also describes the government's approach to resilience, which includes identifying and assessing risks, building resilience capabilities, and evaluating performance through exercises and real-life events. Communities and infrastructure owners play a role alongside government in increasing resilience. Examples provided include the Communities Prepared Hub and winter preparedness information. The understanding of resilience has expanded to include community and infrastructure resilience based on recommendations from reports on disasters like the 2007 floods.
HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...StatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring economic, social and environmental resilience, 25-26 November 2015, Rome, Italy, More information at: http://oe.cd/StrategicForum2015
Tim Baxter: The Public Health White Paper: the story so farThe King's Fund
Tim Baxter, Head of the Public Health Development Unit, Department of Health, gives an overview of the government's new vision for public health and the responses to the Public Health White Paper consultation.
1. The document discusses the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), also known as Obamacare, and health reform efforts in both the U.S. and Utah.
2. Key aspects of the PPACA include expanding health insurance coverage, establishing health insurance exchanges, and imposing an individual mandate to purchase insurance.
3. The prognosis for the success of the PPACA is guarded due to ongoing political and legal challenges at both the federal and state levels.
Law of the Future 2011
23 & 24 June 2011, Peace Palace, The Hague, The Netherlands
Title: Conflict, Fragility and Development in a Globalized World:
Challenges and Implications for the Law of The Future
By: Hassane Cisse
Keynote Presentation
www.lawofthefuture.org
The work presents a theoretical framework, and offers a tentative analytical framework for building strategies for combating systemic corruption of the kind that is observed in Ukraine. It argues that, as in some other countries undergoing the process of modernization, corruption in Ukraine plays an important social role by filling gaps between formal (often impracticable) rules, and informal ones. At the same time, it creates incentives and provides the means for maintaining and widening these gaps, as in the critically important case of “capture” of the state by extorting officials endowed with abnormal administrative discretion and affiliated with crony businesses. Systemic factors of such kind make corruption so persistent and anti-corruption so necessary for development.
Authored by: Vladimir Dubrovskiy
Published in 2006
Amplifying and nullifying the impact of democratic sanctions through aid to c...Paulina Pospieszna
Both foreign aid and sanctions are foreign policy tools to promote
democracy. Yet, it is unclear how far incentives and coercion
enhance democratization. Since sanctions and aid are often
employed at the same time, the goal of this study is to determine
their joint effect on democratization in target/recipient countries.
We argue that sending democracy aid through civil society organizations
enhances the effectiveness of sanctions as a democracy
promotion tool because the civil society is empowered to introduce
democratic changes. Thus, in addition to the top-down
pressure on the target government created by sanctions, there
is a bottom-up pressure exerted by the civil society. Our empirical
results show that democratic sanctions by the European Union
and the United States are more likely to have a positive effect
when aid flows bypass the government. Conversely, aid channeled
through the public sector mitigates the generally positive
effect of sanctions on democracy. In order to estimate these joint
effects, we employ a new comprehensive dataset on economic
sanctions: the EUSANCT Dataset which integrates and updates
existing databases on sanctions for the period between 1989 and
2015, merged with disaggregated OECD aid data and V-Dem
democracy scores.
The document discusses the implications of Brexit for charities in the UK. It provides updates on key Brexit milestones such as triggering Article 50 and agreeing to an implementation period. It outlines how the Office for Civil Society can help charities understand Brexit impacts. Brexit may affect EU funding for charities, freedom of movement for EU citizens working in the sector, and EU laws and regulations that charities operate under. The future is uncertain but the sector is encouraged to provide views to help shape policies on these issues.
Similar to Ukraine: Humanitarian implications for the UK (20)
We are a team that supports high-quality decision making through data analysis, research, evidence reviews, and developing scenarios. We provide foresight on future humanitarian needs through horizon scanning, SWOT analyses, and scenario planning workshops. We also conduct insight and data analysis through maps, profiles, and statistical analysis on potential needs, vulnerabilities, and capacities related to strategic causes. Our research includes analyzing affected cohorts and conducting surveys and interviews. We aim to embed our insights into decision support tools and support un-siloed, evidence-based decision making.
This document summarizes the work of a team that uses qualitative and quantitative methods to produce actionable insights and analyses for humanitarian aid organizations. The team conducts research and data analysis to understand vulnerability, monitor emerging needs during crises like pandemics and disasters, and help target resources. Examples provided include mapping vulnerability to COVID-19 in the UK, analyzing changes in flooding vulnerability over time, and identifying areas that may need support for vaccine uptake. The goal is to harness data and evidence to help organizations provide effective aid and support to people in need.
Quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) is a permutation test that controls for non-independence in network data where dyads are not independent by permuting the response variable to create a sampling distribution of the null hypothesis. QAP can perform correlations and regressions on network data and is easy to interpret. It works by performing a regression on the original data and then permuting the response variable many times to create random datasets for comparison. The p-value is the proportion of times the null coefficient is greater than or equal to the observed estimate.
Slides from a talk presented at the 2014 London Evolutionary Research Network (LERN) conference.
Abstract:
An evolutionary interpretation of cooperative behaviours must ultimately include an increase the inclusive fitness of actors as well as recipients. At the proximate level, mechanisms for encouraging and maintaining cooperation include factors such as kin discrimination, limited dispersal as well as direct and indirect reciprocity. However humans are also known for co-operating with individuals who are not necessarily close relatives, and often in co-operative groups. Here, we aim to quantify the relative importance of kinship and social group membership as mediators of cooperative behaviour.
Using a modified, externally valid Dictator Game, we test whether indigenous Saami reindeer herders in Norway preferentially give gifts to genetic relatives or to members of their cooperative herding group (the ‘siida’).
Membership of the same siida strongly increased the odds of receiving a gift. Kinship had a small (and not statistically significant) effect, even for close relatives. Gifts were not preferentially given to younger family members. These patterns suggest that social grouping can trump genetic factors in mediating cooperative behaviour in this population. This is likely due to the importance of herding groups in day-to-day subsistence.
Sibling competition lengthens while hazardous environments shorten optimal hu...Matthew Gwynfryn Thomas
Sibling competition lengthens while hazardous environments shorten optimal human birth spacing. The researchers developed a state-dependent optimality model to examine how birth intervals adapt to ecology and sibling competition. They found that high mortality environments lead to shorter birth spacing, while greater sibling competition leads to longer spacing between births. The model provides plausible mechanisms for how reproductive schedules adapt but does not include menopause; future work could examine additional factors.
This document discusses using agent-based modeling to test whether reproductive cessation and post-reproductive lifespan could evolve due to local mating competition and sex-biased dispersal patterns. It describes how agent-based modeling creates a simplified simulated version of reality using individual agents with properties, perceptions, and rules of action. The model presented simulates a human population split into patches with limited breeding spots to test if reproductive cessation emerges over generations with competition for breeding positions. The results could help explain why humans and some whales cease reproduction well before the end of their lifespan.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Bharat Mata - History of Indian culture.pdfBharat Mata
Bharat Mata Channel is an initiative towards keeping the culture of this country alive. Our effort is to spread the knowledge of Indian history, culture, religion and Vedas to the masses.
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC CharlotteCori Faklaris
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemesnarinav14
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
2. Overview
This deck synthesises, updates and iterates our existing scenario analyses around the
conflict in Ukraine:
- A deep-dive on people seeking protection in the UK
- Broader humanitarian impacts and potential consequences for the UK
(See Partnership Roundup dated 15 March).
Here, we present the key events and phenomena that could impact the UK that VCS
organisations should consider in their planning and responses. Although the time
horizon for some phenomena may be further into the future, the time horizon for
action may be now.
3. Drivers of change
Predetermined potential impacts
Medium-to-high impact phenomena that are better understood
Critical uncertainties
Highly uncertain high-impact phenomena
> Potential destitution for Ukrainian refugees
after official support ends
> Nuclear attacks/radiation
> Cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure
> Trafficking into/within UK
> Public goodwill towards Ukrainian and other
refugees
> Hate crimes
> Escalation in the conflict
> Further cost of living increases increased
poverty
> Health needs of refugees in an already-
pressured health system
> Social worker shortage
> Potential delays to Afghan resettlement
> Nationality and Borders Bill
> Refugees entering through ‘irregular’ routes
> Mental health, trauma
4. Ripple effects and blind spots
Ripple effects
Potential high-impact humanitarian impacts further into the future
Blind spots
What else do we know we don’t know?
> Future refugee crises after global food shortages
and subsequent conflicts (esp. in Middle East
and Africa)
> Climate change consequences of short-term
decisions around energy supply
> Possible government subsidies of energy bills
> Possible conscription if NATO becomes involved
> Risk of recession following energy price shocks
> Increased social and material inequalities
> What are we missing?
5. What’s next: Turning this analysis into action
(1) Conduct a SWOT within your organisation
- Gather diverse minds together to explore opportunities, threats, enablers
of effective change, and change-blockers
- Map these against your organisational strengths and weaknesses
- Share your insights with other Partners so we can learn and plan together
(2) Build scenarios for your organisation
- Use these drivers of change to understand how they might affect your
organisation – for example, what if levels of destitution among refugees
increase while at the same time health/social care availability becomes more
constrained?
6. What’s next: BRC scenario planning beyond Ukraine
We are refining our scenario analysis approach to guide BRC’s own strategic
planning for 2023-25, with the first outputs due in May-June.
Much will be relevant to VCSEP partners. We will share as much of the
exploratory scenarios with you as we can.
What are we missing?
Scenario planning works best when diverse voices participate in their creation.
We would love to facilitate this kind of collaboration across the Partnership –
contact Clare Darlow if you would like to be a part of it.