Lecture given at University College Roosevelt in Middelburg (The Netherlands) on 25 April 2014, about 'the wicked problem of food security in EU policy formation'. Content:
*What are wicked problems?
*Why is food security a good example of a wicked problem?
*How can this be observed in the EU's Common Agricultural Policy?
*How does the European Commission deal with the wickedness of food security?
These slides have been produced for MobiMOOC a free Massive Open Online Course as part of the week 3 theme on MHealth. See http://mobimooc.wikispaces.com/Mobile+health+%28mHealth%29 The slides will also be made available as well.
A way to think about how to prioritize issues -- whether they are important, timely, solvable, etc., -- and should be included in a policy agenda or candidate questionnaire at a particular time.
This presentation is an introduction to the Disaster Risk Reduction Ambassador Curriculum. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
This presentation is given by Katie Skakel, Senior Hazard Mitigation Planner. Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCPHwnwVupA
Crafting & designing programs for a safer and more prosperous future. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
This presentation was given by Matt Campbell of FEMA. Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTN9HoE7yys
The Climate Crisis, Sustainable Development and the Role of Leadership, 'Foll...ESD UNU-IAS
Keynote Lecture #1 - 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
"The Climate Crisis, Sustainable Development and the Role of Leadership, 'Followership' and Collective Action", presented by Prof. Peter Higgins (RCE Scotland/University of Edinburgh) at the 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme, 14 September, 2021.
This presentation is on the key findings of the NHMA Safe Room Report by Erin Capps of H2O Partners. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOyv9iNwnX4
These slides have been produced for MobiMOOC a free Massive Open Online Course as part of the week 3 theme on MHealth. See http://mobimooc.wikispaces.com/Mobile+health+%28mHealth%29 The slides will also be made available as well.
A way to think about how to prioritize issues -- whether they are important, timely, solvable, etc., -- and should be included in a policy agenda or candidate questionnaire at a particular time.
This presentation is an introduction to the Disaster Risk Reduction Ambassador Curriculum. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
This presentation is given by Katie Skakel, Senior Hazard Mitigation Planner. Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCPHwnwVupA
Crafting & designing programs for a safer and more prosperous future. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
This presentation was given by Matt Campbell of FEMA. Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTN9HoE7yys
The Climate Crisis, Sustainable Development and the Role of Leadership, 'Foll...ESD UNU-IAS
Keynote Lecture #1 - 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
"The Climate Crisis, Sustainable Development and the Role of Leadership, 'Followership' and Collective Action", presented by Prof. Peter Higgins (RCE Scotland/University of Edinburgh) at the 2021 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme, 14 September, 2021.
This presentation is on the key findings of the NHMA Safe Room Report by Erin Capps of H2O Partners. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOyv9iNwnX4
This presentation describes the process of a planit-young people workshop. Planit-Young People is based around the Every Child Matters agenda and deals with the complex issues surrounding young people. 8 teams need to work together to deal with problems such as teenage pregnancy, anti-social behaviour, worklessness, and drugs. The teams need to deal with root causes and create positive alternatives. Planit-YP is suitable for training professionals and for use in education and engagement.
Fifth of five faciliated webinars tracing the impact of Covid19 lockdowns on the UK and globally. Attempting to identify the possible outcomes for changing cultural values and the global economy.
OECD Workshop: Measuring Business Impacts on People’s Well-being, Chris LaszloStatsCommunications
OECD Workshop: Measuring Business Impacts on People’s Well-being, 23-24 February 2017, Paris, France, More information at: http://www.oecd.org/statistics/oecd-workshop-on-measuring-business-impacts-on-peoples-well-being.htm
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Decision making at the top of the continuum morphs into decision management in the middle and decision-taking at the bottom. Objectives are set, and uncertainties navigated towards gains of one kind or another. At the strategic level, whilst aware of uncertainties, the primary focus is gain. At the operational level whilst aware of gain/value creation, the primary focus is performance/value preservation.
Centering Equity and Resilience in School Bus Electrification by Carla WalkerForth
Carla Walker, Director of Environmental Justice and Equity at WRI-US gave this presentation at the Forth Centering Equity and Resilience in School Bus Electrification webinar on November 09, 2021.
Paige Ericson-Graber, assistant transportation researcher at TTI, gave an impaired driving data snapshot of Texas drivers, including demographics, crash location, crash times, and crash trends.
This presentation describes the process of a planit-young people workshop. Planit-Young People is based around the Every Child Matters agenda and deals with the complex issues surrounding young people. 8 teams need to work together to deal with problems such as teenage pregnancy, anti-social behaviour, worklessness, and drugs. The teams need to deal with root causes and create positive alternatives. Planit-YP is suitable for training professionals and for use in education and engagement.
Fifth of five faciliated webinars tracing the impact of Covid19 lockdowns on the UK and globally. Attempting to identify the possible outcomes for changing cultural values and the global economy.
OECD Workshop: Measuring Business Impacts on People’s Well-being, Chris LaszloStatsCommunications
OECD Workshop: Measuring Business Impacts on People’s Well-being, 23-24 February 2017, Paris, France, More information at: http://www.oecd.org/statistics/oecd-workshop-on-measuring-business-impacts-on-peoples-well-being.htm
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Decision making at the top of the continuum morphs into decision management in the middle and decision-taking at the bottom. Objectives are set, and uncertainties navigated towards gains of one kind or another. At the strategic level, whilst aware of uncertainties, the primary focus is gain. At the operational level whilst aware of gain/value creation, the primary focus is performance/value preservation.
Centering Equity and Resilience in School Bus Electrification by Carla WalkerForth
Carla Walker, Director of Environmental Justice and Equity at WRI-US gave this presentation at the Forth Centering Equity and Resilience in School Bus Electrification webinar on November 09, 2021.
Paige Ericson-Graber, assistant transportation researcher at TTI, gave an impaired driving data snapshot of Texas drivers, including demographics, crash location, crash times, and crash trends.
2017.04.06 Back to Hume: Behavioural Science and Public PolicyNUI Galway
Professor Liam Delaney, UCD, gave the plenary lecture at the 2017 Whitaker Institute Research Day entitled "Back to Hume: Behavioural Science and Public Policy" on the 6th of April at NUI Galway.
Domenico Dentoni: Lecture 2 on Wicked Problems (University of Parma)Gcazo14
Discussion on the three key features of wicked problems: change over time, conflict among stakeholders' values, and knowledge uncertainty. Three cases: mafia in agri-food systems, palm oil production and collective territorial branding in Italy.
Michaela Cosijn presented at the Nutrition-sensitive Agriculture conference at University of Sydney on in the global innovation crisis rather than the global food crisis.
Sustainable food systems and the role of the agricultural economistKrijn Poppe
Key Note addrees at the DAE/OGA conference in Ljubljana on de role of agricultural economists in policy design with the EU Framework Law on Sustinable food systems as an example
Outcome of the online consultation of USAID, Aligning Research Investments to...Francois Stepman
18-20 April 2017. Aligning Research Investments to the Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS): A Three-Day AgExchange on Nutrition, Resilience and Agriculture-Led Economic Growth
Over 400 development and research professionals in more than 30 countries followed and/or contributed to the discussion on research investments in resilience, nutrition, and agriculture-led economic growth. A team of experts is currently carefully reviewing each and every comment to inform the drafting of the GFSS research strategy.
A Food Systems Perspective on Seafood by Prof. Peter Oosterveer WorldFish
In recent years, a food systems perspective has been promoted to develop a more comprehensive perspective on supplying sufficient, sustainable and healthy food to consumers. This shift away from an orientation in research and policy on increasing food production towards a focus on consumers and dietary outcomes seems promising in many respects. At the same time, this perspective needs further reflection with respect to focus and integration.
Making sustainable food choices easier for consumersFrancois Stepman
Making sustainable food choices easier for consumers by Camille Perrin, European Consumer Organisation
11 October 2016. Brussels. The role of consumers in the sustainable consumption and production in Europe and in developing countries
Vietnam Mushroom Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Pla...IMARC Group
The Vietnam mushroom market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.52% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/vietnam-mushroom-market
Plant Power: Why You Should Consider Switching to Plant-Based ProteinsAng Chong Yi
In a world where dietary choices impact both our health and the environment, the rise of plant-based proteins is a welcome shift but Ang Chong Yi-the top reasons to switch to Plant-Based Proteins because these green warriors not only nourish our bodies but also contribute to the restoration of our planet. Let’s explore the science, benefits, and delicious possibilities of embracing plant power.
Food Processing and Preservation Presentation.pptxdengejnr13
The presentation covers key areas on food processing and preservation highlighting the traditional methods and the current, modern methods applicable worldwide for both small and large scale.
Food Processing and Preservation Presentation.pptx
The Wicked Problem of Food Security in EU Policy Formation
1. The wicked problem of food
security in EU policy formation
Jeroen Candel
25 April 2014, UCR Middelburg
2. About me
• Studied Public Governance in Utrecht
• PhD Candidate ‘food security governance’ at
Public Administration and Policy group of
Wageningen University
• Currently guest PhD at Antwerp Centre for
Institutions and Multi-level Politics, UA
• Main focus: food security controversies in EU
policy development
3. Structure of the lecture
• What are wicked problems?
• Food security as a wicked problem
Short break
• Food security in the EU Common Agricultural
policy
• How does the EU deal with the wickedness of
food security?
4. Wicked problems: context
• Introduced by Rittel and Webber 1973
• ideal of rational policy making: objective,
evidence based, professionals, and optimal
solutions “the planning idea”,
“makeability”
• “popular attack”: increasing societal scrutinity
• Still: many problems solved
5. However:
• Some problems particularly stubborn
• Cannot be solved in terms efficiency only
• Involve wide range of values
• Goal formulation proved difficult
• “One of most intractable problems is defining
problems” and identifying actions
6. Wicked problems
• Paradigm science and engineering not
applicable to problems of open societal
systems
• These problems are inherently different
• Tame vs. wicked problems
• Ten properties
7. Properties wicked problems
1. No definitive formulation: is the problem!
2. Have no stopping rule
4. No immediate test of solution: consequences
cannot be predicted
6. No enumerable set solutions: rely on poltical
judgment
7. Unique
8. Can be symptom of other problem
9. Discrepancy can be explained in numerous ways
Planner/expert also player in political game
9. After Rittel & Webber
• Thinking engrained in Public Administration
and Policy studies
• However: still many wicked problems
approached as if they can be solved
• Particularly also in life sciences: climate
change, sustainability, nature conservation,
and food security
• Recent decade: what type of governance
systems needed?
10. Food security
Food security defined as:
“all people, at all times, having physical, social
and economic access to sufficient, safe and
nutritious food to meet their dietary needs
and food preferences for an active and healthy
life” (FAO 2003)
Availability, access, utilization, and stability
13. Food security as a wicked problem
• What is the problem? Food production?
Sustainability? Inequality? Trade barriers?
• High degrees uncertainty
• Conflicting problem definitions and solutions
• Cross-scale: short vs. long term, multi-level
governance, multi-sector
Nobody is against ‘food security’, but what is
meant with it? And how to address it?
17. Food security in the CAP
Candel, J.J.L., Breeman, G.E., Stiller, S.J.,
Termeer, C.J.A.M. (2014) Disentangling the
consensus frame of food security: the case of
the Common Agricultural Policy reform
debate. Food policy 44: 47-58
• CAP: main EU agricultural steering device
• 2009-2013 reform
• Convergence, greening, safety nets
18. Research puzzle
• Pervasiveness of food security arguments
• What do actors mean when they invoke food
security? What claims do they make?
• Analysis stakeholder input
• Identification of 6 frames: cognitive and
communicative stories that actors use to make
sense of the world
19. Productionist frame
• Produce more food (double in 2050)
Stimulating production and productivity
• EU food security not self-evident
• Threats: volatility and dependence on imports
• Solutions: income support, same criteria for
imports
20. Environmental frame
• Focus on negative effects intensive agriculture on
environment
• Long-term perspective
• Problems: climate change, environmental
degradation (soil, biodiversity, etc.)
• Greening, better targeting of support, change
towards more plant-based diets
21.
22. Development frame
• Focus on impact CAP on food security developing
countries
• European vs. global food security
• Income support considered as core problem & negative
socio-environmental impacts imports
• Solutions: eliminate trade-distorting measures, allow
developing countries to protect their markets, policy
coherence
23.
24. Wickedness
• Various, sometimes conflicting problem
definitions and solutions
• Today’s problems emerge as a result of trying
to understand and solve yesterday’s problems
• Solubility? Highly political!
How do EU policy-makers deal with this?
25. Ongoing research
• Focus on European Commission
• Interview round at DGs (Devco, Agri, MARE,
Trade, Envi, SG, ECHO, Sanco, etc.) in Spring
2014
• To what extent is Commission capable of
dealing wisely with the wicked problem of
food security in its policy formation process?
26.
27. Theoretical debate
“the Commission is highly ‘stove-piped’, its
administrative code is burdensome, it is resource-
poor, and it is heavily dependent for its success on
its relationship with other EU institutions. And still
it is tasked with trying to solve ‘wicked problems’,
whose very nature makes it unlikely that they can
be solved by administration that strictly observe
their own administrative code, especially one as
cumbersome as the under which the Commission
operates.”
(Kassim et al. 2013)
28. Counter argument
• Many developments that are aimed at
enhancing coordination: stronger role SG,
impact assessments, inter-service
consultations
• Kassim et al.: personal networks matter!
In depth study of case food security
29. Preliminary findings
• Fragmented approach (not necessarily bad!)
• Approached as technical excercise, but highly
political!
• Services have own views, but cooperate
relatively well
• Many demands and views: balancing act
• High dependence on Parliament and Council
30. Preliminary conclusions
• Formal structures and procedures both hinder
and enable governance of wicked problems
• Informal processes ‘oil in the machine’
• Steering capacaties Commission limited
31. Looking back
• Many policy problems can be characterized as
wicked
• Food security is a good example of a wicked
problem
• FS in the EU is characterized by conflicting
frames (CAP reform)
• The wickedness of FS poses specific challenges
to the Commission, to which it is only partly
able to respond
32. Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?
Contact details:
Jeroen.candel@wur.nl
Twitter: @JeroenWUR