Sterile products include injections, ophthalmic preparations, dressings, and non-injectable sterile fluids. Injections can be aqueous or oily solutions, suspensions, or freeze-dried powders sterilized in their final containers. Non-injectable sterile fluids are used in hospitals for wound irrigation, urological irrigation, and peritoneal/hemodialysis. Ophthalmic preparations like eye drops must be sterile to prevent infection of the eye. Dressings used on open wounds or burns require sterility and include gauze, film, foam, and adhesive dressings.

1. TYPES OF STERILE PRODUCTS

2. INTRODUCTION
• Parenteral drug delivery systems and many
medicinal products, such as dressings and
sutures, must be sterile in order to avoid the
possibilities of microbial degradation or
infection occurring as a result of their use.
• Sterility is also important for any material or
instrument likely to contact broken skin or
internal organs.

3. • Although pathogenic bacteria, fungi or viruses
pose the most obvious danger to a patient, it
should be also realized that micro-organisms
usually regarded as non-pathogenic and which
inadvertently gain access to body cavities in
sufficient numbers may cause a severe,
possibly fatal infection

4. • Consequently, injections, ophthalmic
preparations, irrigation fluids, dialysis
solutions, sutures and ligatures, implants, and
certain surgical dressings, as well as
instruments necessary for their use or
administration, must be presented in a sterile
condition.

5. Types of sterile products
1. Injections
• Injections may be aqueous solutions, oily
solutions (because of poor aqueous solubility
or the necessity for a prolongation of drug
activity), aqueous suspensions or oily
suspensions.
• They may be aseptically produced or
terminally sterilized in their final containers .

6. • Those drugs that are unstable in solution may
be presented as a freeze-dried (lyophilized)
powder.
• The choice of final packaging should not
determine the method of sterilization

7. They include
• Intravenous infusions
-Intravenous additives
-Total parenteral nutrition
• Small-volume injections
- Small-volume oily injections
• Freeze-dried products

8. 2. Non-injectable sterile fluids
• There are many other types of solution in a
sterile form, for use particularly in hospitals

9. Non-injectable water
• This is sterile water, not necessarily of
injectable water standards
• used widely during surgical procedures for
wound irrigation, moistening of tissues,
washing of surgeons’gloves and instruments
during use.

10. Urological (bladder) irrigation solutions
• These are used for rinsing of the urinary tract
to aid tissue integrity and cleanliness during or
after surgery.
• Either water or glycine solution is used, the
latter eliminating the risk of intravascular
haemolysis when electrosurgical instruments
are used

11. Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis solutions
• Peritoneal dialysis solutions are admitted into
the peritoneal cavity as a means of removing
accumulated waste or toxic products following
renal failure or poisoning

12. Inhaler solutions
• In cases of severe asthmatic attacks,
bronchodilators and steroids for direct delivery to
the lungs may be needed in large doses.
• This is achieved by direct inhalation via a
nebulizer device; this converts a liquid into a mist
or fine spray.
• The drug is diluted in small volumes of Water for
Injections before loading into the reservoir of the
machine

13. 3. Ophthalmic preparations
• As there is a very poor blood supply to the
anterior chamber, defense against microbial
invasion is minimal;
• furthermore, it appears to provide a
particularly good environment for growth of
bacteria.
• As well as being sterile, eye products should
also be relatively free from particles that might
cause damage to the cornea

14. Examples;
• Eye drops
• Eye ointment
• Eye lotion
• Contact lens solutions
- Wetting solutions
-Cleaning solutions
- Soaking solutions

15. 4. Dressings
• Dressings and surgical materials are used
widely in medicine, both as a means of
protecting and providing comfort for wounds
and for many associated activities such as
cleaning and swabbing.
• They may or may not be used on areas of
broken skin.

16. • For instance, sterile dressings must be used on
all open wounds, both surgical and traumatic,
on burns, and during and after catheterization
at a site of injection.
• It is also important to appreciate that sterile
dressings must be packaged in such a way that
they can be applied to the wound aseptically.

17. Required to be sterile
• Chlorhexidine gauze dressing - Medicated
open wound dressing, burns, grafts
• Framycetin gauze dressing - Medicated open
wound dressing, burns, grafts
• Knitted viscose primary dressing - Ulcerative
and granulating wounds

18. • Paraffin gauze dressing - Burns, scalds and grafts
• Perforated film absorbent dressing -
Postoperative wounds
• Polyurethane foam dressing - Burns, ulcers,
grafts, granulating wounds
• Semipermeable adhesive dressing - Adhesive
dressing for open wounds, IV sites, stoma care,
etc.
• Sodium fusidate gauze dressing

19. May be sterile for use in certain circumstances
• Absorbent cotton wool- Swabbing, cleaning,
medication application
• Elastic adhesive dressing- Protective wound
dressings
• Plastic wound dressings - Protective dressing
• Absorbent cotton gauze - Absorbent wound
dressing
• Gauze pads - Swabbing, dressing, wound packing

20. GROUP MEMBERS
1. MASTURA ALLY
2. NYANDA CHARLES
3. EVALINA ELIAS
4. FAT-HIYA MOHD
5. WINFRIDA MINJA
6. PASKALINA BAYO
7. TAUSI SAID
8. MARIUM SIMIYU
9. MATHIAS MASALU
10. JULIETH VINCENT
11. LILIAN TEMU
12. JOHN BATWA
13. CATHERINE NDUNGURU
14. WILLIUM MDESA