The document discusses important reading skills such as previewing, skimming, and scanning a text. It also covers strategies for determining the meaning of unknown words using context clues like synonyms, antonyms, examples, explanations and situations. The document distinguishes between the denotation and connotation of words and how connotation involves the feelings and associations connected to a word.

1. READING AND
WRITING SKILLS
P R E S E N TAT I O N BY : L O V E LY L O R E LY N A . D I A Z

2. ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
• Reading is an activity that challenges our beliefs,
inspires our imagination, and expands our
understanding of the world.
• Reading involves a complex interaction between the
text and the reader. The reader’s interpretation is
shaped by his or her prior knowledge, experiences,
and attiudes.
• Reading is an indispensable skill that requires

3. WHAT IS
READING?•Reading is also a skill
that can be improved
through consistent
practice.
Reading is a
cognitive
process of
decoding
symbols to
derive meaning
from a text.

4. READING STRATEGIES
1. Previewing- means looking at the readily visible parts of
the text, like titles and subtitles. This helps familiarize you
with the contents of the selection and focus on the
important information of the text.
2. Skimming – means you look for the main point of reading
and identify the idea that develop it. Skimming effectively
means physically moving your eyes rapidly along the page
and tracing your finger along the lines of the text to speed
up your reading.
3. Scanning – looking for specific information. To scan the
text effectively, you need to have an idea of the details

5. USING CONTEXT CLUES
•Context clues are words, phrases and
sentences that surround an unfamiliar word
that can help you recognize the meaning
of an unknown word because the text gives
you information about it.

6. COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
1. Synonym- words or phrases that are similar in
meaning.
Example: Humpty Dumpty took great pleasure in obfuscating
the poem’s meaning for Alice. His explanations about the
were confusing and complicated.

7. COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
• 2. Antonyms – is a word that reveals the opposite meaning
in relation to the unknown word. When you see the words
“although”, but “despite”, “unlike”, these precede antonyms
because these are used to show contrasting ideas.
Example: The Jabberwock was relentlessly pursued by the boy,
unlike the others who gave up easily when they heard how
terrifying the creature was.

8. COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
3. Examples - are specific details in a text that are used
to clarify the meaning of a word.
Examples: There are many eccentric creatures in the forest,
such as mome raths and borogoves.

9. COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
4. Explanations and definitions - explanations
may be given as clues to describe an unknown term. When
phrases like “because” or “that is” follow a word, these may be
explanations. Meanwhile, definitions may follow an unfamiliar
word. Terms like “is”, “means”, “is defined as”, and “refers to”,
are used with definitions.
Examples: Hearing someone “outgrabe”- which means he is
whistling, bellowing, and sneezing all at once- can be a funny
sight.

10. COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
5. Situations - the situation in which a word is used can
also be helpful in determining the meaning of that word. The
meaning of a word may change depending on its context, or
how and where it is used.
Examples: The boy wondered if he should have brought some
back up, in case he could not take on the Jabberwock by
himself.

11. USING CONNOTATION AND
DENOTATION
1. Denotation is the basic precise, literal meaning of the word
that can be found in a dictionary.
2. Connotation, meanwhile is the positive, negative, or neutral
feelings, attitudes, ideas, or associations with a word. These
shades of meaning are affected by social overtones,
meanings, or cultural implications.

12. USING CONNOTATION AND
DENOTATION
FATHER
Denotation: a male parent
Connotation: association: positive, feelings: love and respect
DADDY
Denotation: a male parent
Connotation: association: positive, feelings: love, familiarity,
childhood