Types of Shock
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The document discusses the history and causes of shock, including hypovolemia, vasogenic, cardiogenic, and neurogenic shock. It also mentions the lethal triad of coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia that can occur in shock patients. The document lists references for Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine and Schwartz's Principles of Surgery.
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International Journal of Case Reports & Short Reviews
Fabry Disease (FD), also known as Anderson-Fabry disease, is an inherited X-linked disorder characterized by the absence (in men) or defi ciency (in women) in α-galactosidase A, activity that causes a progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids within lysosomes of cells in all the major organ systems and progressive organ damage that fi rst manifests in childhood or early adulthood. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality in FD. We present a male patient with FD who was transplanted with kidney from a living donor and had a sudden cardiac arrest on the 4th day after operation. We suggest detailed preoperative examination including coronary angiography, echocardiography for these patients and also a multidisciplinary care is required for perioperative management of FD patients.
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Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac disorder,
characterised by a typical ECG pattern and an increased
risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD).
BrS is a challenging entity, in regard to diagnosis as
well as arrhythmia risk prediction and management.
Nowadays, asymptomatic patients represent the majority
of newly diagnosed patients with BrS, and its incidence
is expected to rise due to (genetic) family screening.
Progress in our understanding of the genetic and
molecular pathophysiology is limited by the absence
of a true gold standard, with consensus on its clinical
definition changing over time. Nevertheless, novel
insights continue to arise from detailed and in-depth
studies, including the complex genetic and molecular
basis. This includes the increasingly recognised
relevance of an underlying structural substrate. Risk
stratification in patients with BrS remains challenging,
particularly in those who are asymptomatic, but recent
studies have demonstrated the potential usefulness
of risk scores to identify patients at high risk of
arrhythmia and SCD. Development and validation of
a model that incorporates clinical and genetic factors,
comorbidities, age and gender, and environmental
aspects may facilitate improved prediction of disease
expressivity and arrhythmia/SCD risk, and potentially
guide patient management and therapy. This review
provides an update of the diagnosis, pathophysiology
and management of BrS, and discusses its future
perspectives.
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2. Prolonged QT interval is also seen in AN and is linked to reduced heart rate, though the link is weaker when corrected for heart rate.
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Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease characterized by fibrosis of the heart muscle lining. It most commonly affects children and young adults in tropical regions. The disease involves thickening and scarring of the endocardium that can obstruct the heart chambers and valves. Symptoms depend on which chambers are affected but may include heart failure signs like edema, ascites, and elevated jugular pressure. EMF has an uncertain cause but is associated with malnutrition, high cassava diet, and eosinophilia in some cases. Definitive diagnosis relies on endomyocardial biopsy showing fibrosis.
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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a genetic heart condition characterized by replacement of right ventricular myocardium with fat and fibrous tissue. This causes ventricular arrhythmias which can lead to sudden cardiac death. ARVD is diagnosed based on criteria involving cardiac imaging, biopsy, electrocardiogram findings and genetic testing. A combination of major and minor criteria must be met, including ventricular dysfunction, aneurysms, conduction abnormalities and evidence of fibrofatty tissue replacement on biopsy. ARVD has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people.
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Brugada Syndrome is a inherited sodium channel disorder leading to life threatening ventricular fibrillation in young population. diagnosis and ICD therapy could be life saving.
Brugada syndrome
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac disorder,
characterised by a typical ECG pattern and an increased
risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD).
BrS is a challenging entity, in regard to diagnosis as
well as arrhythmia risk prediction and management.
Nowadays, asymptomatic patients represent the majority
of newly diagnosed patients with BrS, and its incidence
is expected to rise due to (genetic) family screening.
Progress in our understanding of the genetic and
molecular pathophysiology is limited by the absence
of a true gold standard, with consensus on its clinical
definition changing over time. Nevertheless, novel
insights continue to arise from detailed and in-depth
studies, including the complex genetic and molecular
basis. This includes the increasingly recognised
relevance of an underlying structural substrate. Risk
stratification in patients with BrS remains challenging,
particularly in those who are asymptomatic, but recent
studies have demonstrated the potential usefulness
of risk scores to identify patients at high risk of
arrhythmia and SCD. Development and validation of
a model that incorporates clinical and genetic factors,
comorbidities, age and gender, and environmental
aspects may facilitate improved prediction of disease
expressivity and arrhythmia/SCD risk, and potentially
guide patient management and therapy. This review
provides an update of the diagnosis, pathophysiology
and management of BrS, and discusses its future
perspectives.
ECG changes in anorexia nervosa
1. Bradycardia is a common finding in anorexia nervosa (AN), affecting 41.3% of patients in one study.
2. Prolonged QT interval is also seen in AN and is linked to reduced heart rate, though the link is weaker when corrected for heart rate.
3. All-cause mortality is increased in AN, including from cardiac arrest unrelated to QT interval duration. Additional complications like reduced cardiac mass and valve issues have been observed in larger population studies.
Intracranial hemorrhage newborn
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in newborns ranges from 2-30% depending on gestational age and type of hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and confirmed via CT or MRI. The presence and severity of brain injury best predicts outcomes. ICH results from ruptured veins and occurs more often in preterm infants, while trauma often causes ICH in full-term infants. Management depends on the type and severity of hemorrhage, but often involves stabilization, treatment of seizures, and monitoring for complications. Prognosis relates to other factors in addition to the hemorrhage.
Coagulopathy in trauma patients
Lecture Presented by Dr Manuel Quintana at the Egyptian African Critical Care Summit held at Cairo, egypt
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular 2003
The document summarizes arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), a condition where the right ventricle of the heart is replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. It affects mostly young males and can cause sudden cardiac death. Genetic factors are involved in many cases. The condition starts with fatty infiltration of the right ventricle and progresses to include fibrosis, thinning of the ventricular wall, and later involvement of the left ventricle. Diagnosis involves criteria related to structural changes, electrocardiogram abnormalities, arrhythmias, and family history.
Ischemic preconditioning
This document discusses ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. It defines ischemic preconditioning as brief episodes of myocardial ischemia that increase the heart's ability to tolerate subsequent prolonged ischemia. Brief periods of ischemia prior to a longer period of ischemia can reduce infarct size and arrhythmias. Ischemic postconditioning involves brief reperfusion/re-occlusion cycles at the end of prolonged ischemia and can also reduce infarct size. The mechanisms of protection involve triggers, transducers, and end effectors at the myocyte level. Clinical studies provide evidence that ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning improve outcomes for patients experiencing myocardial ischemia.
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This document summarizes cardiovascular complications that can occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Up to 15.7% of patients with severe TBI can develop left ventricular dysfunction and wall motion abnormalities due to increased sympathetic activity and catecholamine release after brain injury. This can cause hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmias, and myocardial injury. ECG changes, echocardiogram abnormalities, and elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury have been documented following TBI. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, autonomic dysfunction and systemic inflammation following TBI can directly or indirectly impact cardiovascular function. Treatment involves optimizing hemodynamics and treating the underlying brain injury, as the cardiac abnormalities are often transient.
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The size of the hematoma grows due to rebleeding in the next few hours after the onset in up to 40% of cases which results in early neurological deterioration, poor functional outcome and increased mortality.
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This document discusses Uhl's anomaly and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). It presents a case study of a 50-year-old man with palpitations and ventricular ectopic beats. Key differences between Uhl's anomaly and ARVD/C are described. Uhl's anomaly is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a thin-walled right ventricle, while ARVD/C is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by structural abnormalities and fatty infiltration of the right ventricle myocardium. Diagnostic criteria for ARVD/C include family history, electrocardiogram abnormalities, arrhythmias on monitoring, and structural changes seen on imaging like echocard
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Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is called an oncologist. The document discusses cancer epidemiology, etiology, staging, types of tumors, metastasis, tumor markers, roles of surgery in cancer treatment including biopsy techniques, and cancer staging systems.
Intussusception
Intussusception is the telescoping of the proximal bowel inside the distal bowel. It is a common cause of bowel obstruction in infants and toddlers. The classic presenting symptoms are known as the "triad" - crying, currant jelly stools, and a palpable abdominal mass. Ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool, showing target or doughnut signs. Treatment involves hydrostatic or pneumatic reduction of the intussusception non-operatively. If this fails or signs of perforation are present, surgical reduction or resection is required.
Surgical incisions
This document discusses surgical incisions, including:
- The importance of choosing an incision that provides accessibility, extensibility, and security for the procedure.
- Common abdominal and pelvic incisions such as vertical, transverse, oblique, midline, paramedian, Pfannenstiel, and flank incisions.
- Factors to consider when choosing an incision, including the type of surgery, target organ, patient characteristics, and surgeon preference.
- Principles for making incisions such as following skin cleavage lines and avoiding cutting nerves and vessels.
Pre operative care - Dr. Somaya Banaei
This document discusses perioperative care and preoperative evaluation. It is divided into three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The preoperative phase begins when the decision for surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the operating room table. This phase involves diagnosis, evaluation of surgical risk factors, preoperative testing, and management of medications. The goal of preoperative evaluation is to optimize the patient's medical condition and minimize risks associated with surgery.
Bowel prep - Dr. Somaya Banaei
Bowel preparation involves removing feces from the colon prior to a medical procedure. It aims to clean the colon and improve visualization. There are various types of bowel preparations that use osmotic agents like polyethylene glycol (PEG) or stimulant laxatives, sometimes in combination. While generally safe, rare risks include dehydration and kidney damage. Studies have found lower infection rates with the addition of oral antibiotics to mechanical bowel preparation before colorectal surgery.
Septic shock
Shock is classified as either warm or cold shock based on peripheral perfusion and skin characteristics. Warm shock patients are hypotensive and tachycardic with warm, well-perfused extremities and flushed, moist skin. Cold shock patients also exhibit hypotension and tachycardia but have cold, poorly perfused extremities and pale, dry skin.
More from Somaya Banaei (13)
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Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Pharmacology of Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
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Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Muskan
mpharm
2nd semester
Guru Gobind Singh college of pharmacy, yamunanagar, haryana
Nutritional deficiency disorder in Child
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Cluster Mapping of Medical Tourism in Turkey and Regional Clustering for Heal...
Cluster Mapping of Medical Tourism in Turkey and Regional Clustering for Heal...Istanbul Beykent University (İstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi)
As the world population is aging, Health tourism has become vitally important and will be increased day by day. Because
of the availability of quality health services and more favorable prices as well as to shorten the waiting list for medical
services regionally and internationally. There are some aspects of managing and doing marketing activities in order for
medical tourism to be feasible, in a region called as clustering in a region with main stakeholders groups includes Health
providers, Tourism cluster, etc. There are some related and affecting factors to be considered for the feasibility of medical
tourism within this study such as competitiveness, clustering, Entrepreneurship, SMEs. One of the growth phenomenon
is Health tourism in the city of Izmir and Turkey. The model of five competitive forces of Porter and The Diamond model
that is an economical model that shows the four main factors that affect the competitiveness of a nation and its industries
in this study. The short literature of medical tourism and regional clustering have been mentioned.Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology as applied to Public Health
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
2nd-generation Antihistaminic Part I.pptx
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
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Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Recently uploaded (20)
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)
Pharmacology of Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
Pharmacology of Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure
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Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Cluster Mapping of Medical Tourism in Turkey and Regional Clustering for Heal...
Cluster Mapping of Medical Tourism in Turkey and Regional Clustering for Heal...
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Public Health Lecture 4 Social Sciences and Public Health
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
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Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)
Types of Shock
- 1. By Dr. Somaya Banaei Resident of General Surgery Herat-Afghanistan
- 3. History… • K. Bernard • Walter Bi Canon • Alfred Belalook(1934) Hypovolemia Vasogenic Cardio genic Neurogenic 3
- 73. 73
- 98. References: Harrison principle of internal medicine Schwartz principles of Surgery