The document outlines various types of research designs, categorized into exploratory and conclusive research. Exploratory research seeks to gain insights and formulate new ideas when previous studies are limited, while conclusive research aims to verify hypotheses and aid decision-making through descriptive and experimental approaches. Experimental designs include pre-experimental, quasi-experimental, true experimental, and statistical experimental, each defined by specific criteria for manipulating and controlling variables.

1. Types of Research Design
Types of Research Design
Exploratory Design
Conclusive Design
Descriptive Research Causal
Single Cross- Sectional Design Multiple Cross – Sectional
Research Design Research Design

2. Types of research design
Exploratory research design.
Conclusive research design.

3. Exploratory research design
An exploratory design is conducted about a research problem when there are few
or no earlier studies to refer to or rely upon to predict an outcome.
Purpose of Exploratory Research Design
• The focus is on gaining insights and familiarity for later investigation or
undertaken when research problems are in a preliminary stage of investigation
• Familiarity with basic details, settings, and concerns.
• Well grounded picture of the situation being developed.
• Generation of new ideas and assumptions.
• Development of tentative theories or hypotheses.
• Determination about whether a study is feasible in the future.
• Issues get refined for more systematic investigation and formulation of new
research questions.
• Direction for future research and techniques get developed.
Methods
• Secondary analysis/Review of literature.
• Expert opinion/experience survey.
• Focus group discussion.
• Comprehensive case method

4. Conclusive research Design
Conclusive research aims to verify insights and to aid decision makers in selecting a specific
course of action. Conclusive research is sometimes called confirmatory research, as it is
used to "confirm" a hypothesis
Types:
• Descriptive Research.
• Experimental research.
Descriptive Research
Types:
• cross sectional studies.
• Longitudinal studies
Experimental research design
• Is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates
one or more variables, and controls and measures any change in other variables
Types:
• Pre experimental design.
• Quasi-experimental design
• True experimental design
• Statistical experimental design

5. Quasi-experimental design
• No random assignment of participants.
• May or May not have a control group.
• May or may not have a control over
manipulation of variable.

6. True experimental design
• For an experiment to be classed as a true
experimental design, it must fit all of the
following criteria.
• The sample groups must be assigned randomly.
• There must be a viable control group.
• The tested subjects must be randomly assigned
to either control or experimental groups

7. Statistical experimental design
• The term Statistical experimental design refers to
a plan for assigning experimental units to
treatment conditions. A good experimental
design serves three purposes
• Causation. It allows the experimenter to make
causal inferences about the relationship between
independent variables and a dependent variable
• Control. It allows the experimenter to rule out
alternative explanations due to the confounding
effects of extraneous variables (i.e., variables
other than the independent variables).
• Variability. It reduces variability within treatment
conditions, which makes it easier to detect
differences in treatment outcomes