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1. T Y P E S O F
E C O S Y S T E M
CATEGORIES OF
ECOSYSTEM

2. N AT U R A L
E C O S Y S T E M
• TYPES OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEM
• The ECOSYSTEMS can be
broadly categorised into 3 as
follows:
• Terrestrial:
• Tropical forests, desert
• Prairie, coniferous forests
• Tropical moist deciduous

3. TYPESOF ECOSYSTEMS
• There are 2 main types of ecosystems
• 1. TERRESTRIAL: desert, grasslands, forests and
mountains are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems.
• 2. AQUATIC: Oceans, creeks, tidal zones, coastal zones,
rivers, lakes and ponds are some examples of aquatic
ECOSYSTEM.

4. GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM
• Grasslands occupy roughly 19% of the earth’s surface.
• Here rainfall is less
• Savanna is a tropical whereas prairies, steppes , veld in temperate areas.
• These grasslands are used for pastures for cattle rearing.
• Area supports primary consumers like rabbit, deer, cows etc.
• Here CARNIVORES like goat, jackals, etc feed on HERBIVORES.
• Nowadays grasslands are highly modified due to over grazing and land used for
agriculture.
• As grasslands have dissappeared several species of animals have also
dissappeared.

5. C O N T I N U E D
FOREST occupy nearly 30% of the land area on the earth.
1. The non living components are hills, mountains, rivers etc.
2. Forests are influenced by temperature, rainfall, sunlight and also the
latitude and longitude.
3. Animals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, mammals and invertebrates.
4. In the TROPICAL belt there are evergreen and deciduous forests.
5. In the TEMPERATE belt there are temperate deciduous forests.
6. Then there are coniferous forests.
7. The forests are affected by climate change

6. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
• FRESH WATER ECOSYSTEM: rivers, streams, ponds and lakes.
• Wetlands are special ECOSYSTEM. Here the water level fluctuates.
• In pond and lake ecosystem the plant material is algae. They get
energy from the sun.
• There are 2 aquatic ecosystems: freshwater and marine.
• Freshwater ecosystem are ponds, lake etc eith low salt content.
• It is also called limnology.
• Here again there is POND ECOSYSYSTEM

7. POND ECOSYSTEM
• This again is composed of biotic and abiotic factors
• BIOTIC FACTORS: all micro organisms, small animals , birds and
human beings.
• ABIOTIC FACTORS: temperature, sunlight, carbondioxide, oxygen,
light and chlorophyll.
• The classification of the pond ecosystem is again as producers,
primary and secondary consumers and decomposers.
• CONSUMERS: All the animals are consumers as they cannot
synthesize their own food.

8. CLASSIFICATION OF
CONSUMERS
• PRODUCERS (AUTOTROPHS): green plants are capable of
synthesizing their food through photosynthesis.
• CONSUMERS (HETEROTROPHS):
• Again these are divided into 4 parts:
• PRIMARY CONSUMERS: these feed on plants and convert the energy
stored in plant tissues into animal tissues.
• SECONDARY CONSUMERS: these include primary carnivores and
omnivores.