surgeries involved in gastroenterology: gastrointestinal surgery, conditions treated with gastrointestinal surgeries,procedure and side effects of these surgeries, open gastrointestinal surgeries and minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgeries
Caesarean section is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby through abdominal and uterine incisions after 28 weeks of pregnancy. The incidence of C-sections has increased due to abandoning difficult procedures and increased use for breech births. Indications include maternal conditions like pelvic abnormalities and previous C-sections, as well as fetal indications like distress. A lower segment transverse incision is most common. Complications can include hemorrhage, injury, infection and rupture of the uterine scar in subsequent pregnancies.
1. Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and sometimes other reproductive organs. It can be performed abdominally through an incision in the abdomen, vaginally through the vagina, or laparoscopically through small incisions using specialized instruments.
2. Over 600,000 hysterectomies are performed annually in the US, most commonly to treat benign conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or uterine prolapse. The preferred method is vaginal hysterectomy when possible due to faster recovery.
3. Risks of hysterectomy include earlier menopause, increased risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as well as potential short-term risks like infection,
Gynecological surgery refers to surgery on the female reproductive system. Gynecological surgery is usually performed by gynecologists. It includes procedures for benign conditions, cancer, infertility, and incontinence. Gynecological surgery may occasionally be performed for elective or cosmetic purposes.
Cancer surgery is used to treat many types of cancer and involves removing tumors and nearby tissue. The document discusses several types of cancer surgeries including staging surgery, tumor removal, debulking, reconstructive surgery, and prevention surgery. It also describes differences in surgical techniques such as open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, laser surgery, cryosurgery, and Mohs surgery. Specific types of cancer surgeries discussed include esophageal cancer surgery, pancreatic cancer surgery, liver cancer surgery, and bile duct cancer surgery. Palliative surgeries are also described which are performed to relieve symptoms but not cure the cancer.
Understanding Small Bowel Resection.pdfMeghaSingh194
A small bowel resection is a surgical procedure involving removing a portion of the small intestine. This procedure is typically performed to treat conditions such as bowel obstruction, Crohn’s disease, tumors, or intestinal injuries. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/understanding-small-bowel-resection/
Get to Know the Advanced Method of HerniaDRP Surgery
Hernia is a protrusion of abdominal content, including preperitoneal fat, omentum or abdominal organs through abdominal wall. Know more about Hernia types ,signs and symptoms here,
surgeries involved in gastroenterology: gastrointestinal surgery, conditions treated with gastrointestinal surgeries,procedure and side effects of these surgeries, open gastrointestinal surgeries and minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgeries
Caesarean section is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby through abdominal and uterine incisions after 28 weeks of pregnancy. The incidence of C-sections has increased due to abandoning difficult procedures and increased use for breech births. Indications include maternal conditions like pelvic abnormalities and previous C-sections, as well as fetal indications like distress. A lower segment transverse incision is most common. Complications can include hemorrhage, injury, infection and rupture of the uterine scar in subsequent pregnancies.
1. Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and sometimes other reproductive organs. It can be performed abdominally through an incision in the abdomen, vaginally through the vagina, or laparoscopically through small incisions using specialized instruments.
2. Over 600,000 hysterectomies are performed annually in the US, most commonly to treat benign conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or uterine prolapse. The preferred method is vaginal hysterectomy when possible due to faster recovery.
3. Risks of hysterectomy include earlier menopause, increased risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as well as potential short-term risks like infection,
Gynecological surgery refers to surgery on the female reproductive system. Gynecological surgery is usually performed by gynecologists. It includes procedures for benign conditions, cancer, infertility, and incontinence. Gynecological surgery may occasionally be performed for elective or cosmetic purposes.
Cancer surgery is used to treat many types of cancer and involves removing tumors and nearby tissue. The document discusses several types of cancer surgeries including staging surgery, tumor removal, debulking, reconstructive surgery, and prevention surgery. It also describes differences in surgical techniques such as open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, laser surgery, cryosurgery, and Mohs surgery. Specific types of cancer surgeries discussed include esophageal cancer surgery, pancreatic cancer surgery, liver cancer surgery, and bile duct cancer surgery. Palliative surgeries are also described which are performed to relieve symptoms but not cure the cancer.
Understanding Small Bowel Resection.pdfMeghaSingh194
A small bowel resection is a surgical procedure involving removing a portion of the small intestine. This procedure is typically performed to treat conditions such as bowel obstruction, Crohn’s disease, tumors, or intestinal injuries. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/understanding-small-bowel-resection/
Get to Know the Advanced Method of HerniaDRP Surgery
Hernia is a protrusion of abdominal content, including preperitoneal fat, omentum or abdominal organs through abdominal wall. Know more about Hernia types ,signs and symptoms here,
Bladder injuries may result from blunt,Penetrating and Iatrogenic trauma.
Full bladder is more susceptible to injury than empty bladder.
Management varies from conservative to surgical aiming to directly repair the injury.
A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakness in the muscle wall of the cavity it resides in. Common causes include heavy lifting, coughing, obesity, and previous abdominal surgery. Hernias are classified by location such as inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, epigastric, and hiatal hernias. Management options include mechanical support, conservative measures, and surgical repair or herniorrhaphy to prevent complications like strangulation, obstruction, or autoimmune issues.
This document provides information about the digestive system and various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to it. It defines the digestive system and describes tests like colonoscopy, serum bilirubin tests, and imaging that are used to diagnose conditions. Therapeutic procedures discussed include dental extraction, gastric lavage to remove stomach contents, hernioplasty to repair hernias, and more. Steps for colonoscopy and gastric lavage procedures are outlined.
The document defines common terminology used in surgery and surgical nursing. It discusses terms like surgeon, anesthesiologist, anesthesia, and the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases. It also categorizes different types of surgeries such as major vs minor surgeries and emergency, urgent, elective, diagnostic, ablative, palliative, and reconstructive surgeries. Finally, it concludes that surgery involves treating diseases, injuries or deformities through operations or other instrumentation, and classifications are based on urgency, risk, and purpose.
Ventral hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through weaknesses in the abdominal wall. There are several types of ventral hernias classified by location and complexity. Examination involves evaluating for reducibility, tenderness, and signs of incarceration or strangulation. Treatment often involves surgical repair using sutures or mesh placement to reinforce the defect. Laparoscopic and open approaches are options depending on hernia characteristics.
This document provides an overview of hernias, including definitions, types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management, and nursing interventions. It defines a hernia as the abnormal exit of an organ or tissue through the wall of the cavity that contains it. The most common types are inguinal and hiatal hernias. Causes include heavy lifting, straining, obesity, and surgery. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include bulges, pain, and difficulties with bowel movements. Diagnostic evaluations include imaging tests and physical exams. Management involves surgery to repair the hernia or push protruding tissue back in, along with medications to address symptoms. Nursing care focuses on comfort, hygiene, monitoring for
Ventral hernias occur when abdominal tissue protrudes through weaknesses in the abdominal wall. They can be caused by conditions like chronic coughing, obesity, or prior surgery. Diagnosis involves examination for lumps or pain when coughing as well as imaging tests. Treatment depends on the hernia type but commonly includes surgical repair by pushing intestines back in and reinforcing the abdominal wall with mesh using open, laparoscopic, or robotic techniques.
The document discusses various endoscopic procedures including colonoscopy, hernioplasty, and gastric lavage. It provides details on how each procedure is performed, what conditions they are used to treat, and potential risks involved. Choledocholithotripsy is highlighted as a non-surgical alternative to cholecystectomy for treating gallstones using shock waves to shatter stones in the gallbladder.
1. Bladder injuries can result from blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, or iatrogenic causes, and are more likely if the bladder is full. Management ranges from conservative treatment to surgical repair depending on the severity of injury.
2. Evaluation of suspected bladder trauma involves cystography, cystoscopy, and ultrasound to identify leaks or extravasation. Surgical repair is usually needed for penetrating injuries or injuries inside the abdominal cavity.
3. Conservative management involves catheter drainage, antibiotics, and monitoring for healing without repair. Surgical repair is done by closing mucosa and muscle layers. Complications can include infection, leaks, or fistulas if not properly treated.
1) Uterine inversion occurs when the uterus turns inside out, and can be acute or chronic. It is usually caused by uterine fibroids or polyps.
2) Symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding, and a vaginal mass. Diagnosis involves ultrasound or MRI.
3) Treatment options include manual repositioning, hydrostatic reduction using fluids, or surgery such as abdominal or vaginal approaches.
4) Complications include shock, infection, and recurrence if not properly treated. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important for reducing risks.
The document provides information about mastectomy surgery, including:
- A mastectomy is a surgery to remove all breast tissue from the breast to treat or prevent breast cancer. It can remove one or both breasts.
- There are different types of breast surgeries including total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and modified radical mastectomy.
- Pre-operative nursing assessments for mastectomy include evaluating how the patient is feeling emotionally, explaining the procedure, preparing them physically, and alleviating anxiety.
- Perioperative care encompasses pre, intra, and post-operative periods and aims to improve surgical outcomes through the patient-nurse relationship.
This document discusses the management of cloacal malformations, which involve a common channel for the urinary, genital, and gastrointestinal systems. Key points include:
- Associated anomalies that often occur include renal agenesis, vesicoureteral reflux, and cardiac defects.
- Neonatal management involves dividing the colon, vaginostomy or vesicostomy, and later repairs to separate the systems.
- For common channels less than 3 cm, posterior sagittal repair is usually sufficient. Larger channels require additional abdominal approaches and pubic bone resection.
- Long-term concerns include urinary incontinence, bowel control issues, and ensuring normal sexual function
Perioperative nursing involves care during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of surgery. The preoperative phase includes preparation like fasting, medication review, consent, and teaching. During surgery, nurses maintain asepsis, monitor the patient, and assist the surgeon. After surgery, patients recover in the postoperative phase. Common surgeries discussed include appendectomy, mastectomy, hysterectomy, and joint replacement. Positioning and skin preparation are important intraoperative responsibilities for perioperative nurses.
A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving an incision through the abdominal wall to access the abdominal cavity. It can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes when there is a need for surgery but no definitive pre-operative diagnosis. The key steps include pre-operative preparation, gaining surgical access, systematically exploring the abdominal cavity including solid organs and intestines, performing any necessary procedures, and closing the abdominal wall. Complications can include infection, adhesions, hernias and more, so thorough exploration and drainage if needed is important.
Incisional Hernia – Causes and Treatment.pdfMeghaSingh194
An incisional hernia is a bulge or protrusion that occurs at the site of previous abdominal surgery. The bulge consists of abdominal contents, including the intestine and/or omentum, pushing through the weakened area of the abdominal wall. In medical terms, incisional hernias are sometimes also known as ventral hernias. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/incisional-hernia-causes-and-treatment/
This document discusses the prevention and management of uterine prolapse. Key points include:
1. Prevention focuses on limiting pelvic floor injury during childbirth through measures like avoiding prolonged labor and encouraging postnatal exercises.
2. Treatment is usually only when prolapse causes symptoms that interfere with daily activity.
3. Management options include conservative measures like pelvic floor exercises and pessaries, as well as surgical procedures like vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair to correct defects.
4. Surgical repair aims to tighten the anterior, middle/apical, and posterior compartments using techniques such as anterior and posterior colporrhaphy.
1) The document discusses various plastic surgery procedures for the vulva and vagina, including reducing labia size, tightening loose skin, and repairing hymens.
2) Reasons for plastic surgery include discomfort, abnormal appearances that cause self-consciousness, and medical issues like stenosis or absence of vaginal openings.
3) Surgical techniques are described for reducing enlarged clitorises, repairing prepuces, altering labia size, and reconstructing absent or damaged vaginal structures. The goal is to achieve an "ideal" appearance and functionality.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Bladder injuries may result from blunt,Penetrating and Iatrogenic trauma.
Full bladder is more susceptible to injury than empty bladder.
Management varies from conservative to surgical aiming to directly repair the injury.
A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakness in the muscle wall of the cavity it resides in. Common causes include heavy lifting, coughing, obesity, and previous abdominal surgery. Hernias are classified by location such as inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, epigastric, and hiatal hernias. Management options include mechanical support, conservative measures, and surgical repair or herniorrhaphy to prevent complications like strangulation, obstruction, or autoimmune issues.
This document provides information about the digestive system and various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to it. It defines the digestive system and describes tests like colonoscopy, serum bilirubin tests, and imaging that are used to diagnose conditions. Therapeutic procedures discussed include dental extraction, gastric lavage to remove stomach contents, hernioplasty to repair hernias, and more. Steps for colonoscopy and gastric lavage procedures are outlined.
The document defines common terminology used in surgery and surgical nursing. It discusses terms like surgeon, anesthesiologist, anesthesia, and the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases. It also categorizes different types of surgeries such as major vs minor surgeries and emergency, urgent, elective, diagnostic, ablative, palliative, and reconstructive surgeries. Finally, it concludes that surgery involves treating diseases, injuries or deformities through operations or other instrumentation, and classifications are based on urgency, risk, and purpose.
Ventral hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through weaknesses in the abdominal wall. There are several types of ventral hernias classified by location and complexity. Examination involves evaluating for reducibility, tenderness, and signs of incarceration or strangulation. Treatment often involves surgical repair using sutures or mesh placement to reinforce the defect. Laparoscopic and open approaches are options depending on hernia characteristics.
This document provides an overview of hernias, including definitions, types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management, and nursing interventions. It defines a hernia as the abnormal exit of an organ or tissue through the wall of the cavity that contains it. The most common types are inguinal and hiatal hernias. Causes include heavy lifting, straining, obesity, and surgery. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include bulges, pain, and difficulties with bowel movements. Diagnostic evaluations include imaging tests and physical exams. Management involves surgery to repair the hernia or push protruding tissue back in, along with medications to address symptoms. Nursing care focuses on comfort, hygiene, monitoring for
Ventral hernias occur when abdominal tissue protrudes through weaknesses in the abdominal wall. They can be caused by conditions like chronic coughing, obesity, or prior surgery. Diagnosis involves examination for lumps or pain when coughing as well as imaging tests. Treatment depends on the hernia type but commonly includes surgical repair by pushing intestines back in and reinforcing the abdominal wall with mesh using open, laparoscopic, or robotic techniques.
The document discusses various endoscopic procedures including colonoscopy, hernioplasty, and gastric lavage. It provides details on how each procedure is performed, what conditions they are used to treat, and potential risks involved. Choledocholithotripsy is highlighted as a non-surgical alternative to cholecystectomy for treating gallstones using shock waves to shatter stones in the gallbladder.
1. Bladder injuries can result from blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, or iatrogenic causes, and are more likely if the bladder is full. Management ranges from conservative treatment to surgical repair depending on the severity of injury.
2. Evaluation of suspected bladder trauma involves cystography, cystoscopy, and ultrasound to identify leaks or extravasation. Surgical repair is usually needed for penetrating injuries or injuries inside the abdominal cavity.
3. Conservative management involves catheter drainage, antibiotics, and monitoring for healing without repair. Surgical repair is done by closing mucosa and muscle layers. Complications can include infection, leaks, or fistulas if not properly treated.
1) Uterine inversion occurs when the uterus turns inside out, and can be acute or chronic. It is usually caused by uterine fibroids or polyps.
2) Symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding, and a vaginal mass. Diagnosis involves ultrasound or MRI.
3) Treatment options include manual repositioning, hydrostatic reduction using fluids, or surgery such as abdominal or vaginal approaches.
4) Complications include shock, infection, and recurrence if not properly treated. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important for reducing risks.
The document provides information about mastectomy surgery, including:
- A mastectomy is a surgery to remove all breast tissue from the breast to treat or prevent breast cancer. It can remove one or both breasts.
- There are different types of breast surgeries including total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and modified radical mastectomy.
- Pre-operative nursing assessments for mastectomy include evaluating how the patient is feeling emotionally, explaining the procedure, preparing them physically, and alleviating anxiety.
- Perioperative care encompasses pre, intra, and post-operative periods and aims to improve surgical outcomes through the patient-nurse relationship.
This document discusses the management of cloacal malformations, which involve a common channel for the urinary, genital, and gastrointestinal systems. Key points include:
- Associated anomalies that often occur include renal agenesis, vesicoureteral reflux, and cardiac defects.
- Neonatal management involves dividing the colon, vaginostomy or vesicostomy, and later repairs to separate the systems.
- For common channels less than 3 cm, posterior sagittal repair is usually sufficient. Larger channels require additional abdominal approaches and pubic bone resection.
- Long-term concerns include urinary incontinence, bowel control issues, and ensuring normal sexual function
Perioperative nursing involves care during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of surgery. The preoperative phase includes preparation like fasting, medication review, consent, and teaching. During surgery, nurses maintain asepsis, monitor the patient, and assist the surgeon. After surgery, patients recover in the postoperative phase. Common surgeries discussed include appendectomy, mastectomy, hysterectomy, and joint replacement. Positioning and skin preparation are important intraoperative responsibilities for perioperative nurses.
A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving an incision through the abdominal wall to access the abdominal cavity. It can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes when there is a need for surgery but no definitive pre-operative diagnosis. The key steps include pre-operative preparation, gaining surgical access, systematically exploring the abdominal cavity including solid organs and intestines, performing any necessary procedures, and closing the abdominal wall. Complications can include infection, adhesions, hernias and more, so thorough exploration and drainage if needed is important.
Incisional Hernia – Causes and Treatment.pdfMeghaSingh194
An incisional hernia is a bulge or protrusion that occurs at the site of previous abdominal surgery. The bulge consists of abdominal contents, including the intestine and/or omentum, pushing through the weakened area of the abdominal wall. In medical terms, incisional hernias are sometimes also known as ventral hernias. Let's explore more: https://www.southlakegeneralsurgery.com/incisional-hernia-causes-and-treatment/
This document discusses the prevention and management of uterine prolapse. Key points include:
1. Prevention focuses on limiting pelvic floor injury during childbirth through measures like avoiding prolonged labor and encouraging postnatal exercises.
2. Treatment is usually only when prolapse causes symptoms that interfere with daily activity.
3. Management options include conservative measures like pelvic floor exercises and pessaries, as well as surgical procedures like vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair to correct defects.
4. Surgical repair aims to tighten the anterior, middle/apical, and posterior compartments using techniques such as anterior and posterior colporrhaphy.
1) The document discusses various plastic surgery procedures for the vulva and vagina, including reducing labia size, tightening loose skin, and repairing hymens.
2) Reasons for plastic surgery include discomfort, abnormal appearances that cause self-consciousness, and medical issues like stenosis or absence of vaginal openings.
3) Surgical techniques are described for reducing enlarged clitorises, repairing prepuces, altering labia size, and reconstructing absent or damaged vaginal structures. The goal is to achieve an "ideal" appearance and functionality.
Similar to Types of abdominal surgeries and types of abdominal incisions.pptx (20)
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
2. Types of abdominal surgeries
• Surgery is a medical speciality that uses manual and instrumental
techniques to physically reach into the subject body in order to treat
pathological conditions such as a disease, injury, diseased organ or
organ transplantation, to alter the bodily functions,
to improve appearance or to remove or replace unwanted tissues or
foreign bodies.
3. Common abdominal surgeries
• Appendectomy
• Cholecystectomy
• Colon/Anorectal surgery
• Colon/large bowel resection
• Hernia repair
• Small bowel resection
• Hysterectomy
• C-section
4. Appendectomy
• An appendectomy is the surgery to remove the appendix when it is
infected.
• This condition is called Appendicitis.
• Appendectomy is a common emergency surgery,
• Appendectomy is needed to remove the appendix if the patient has the
symptoms od appendicitis.
• This procedure is when the appendix becomes sore, swollen and
infected.
• Is appendectomy is not performed-the appendix will burst within 48 to
72 hours in appendicitis, if surgically not removed, it will cause
• Peritonitis in the belly and cause infection.
5. cholecystectomy
• A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the Gallbladder.
• The Gallbladder is a .
small organ under the liver in the upper right side of the abdomen.
A cholecystectomy is performed when the patient is having lumps of
solid material {gall stones}
If red or swollen [inflamed] or infected [cholecystitis] or if any cancer is
present cholecystectomy is performed.
6. Hysterectomy
• An hysterectomy is an operation that removes the uterus through a cut
in the lower belly.
• This is an open procedure,
• The uterus also called as womb, is where the baby grows, when a
female is pregnant,
• A partial hysterectomy removes the uterus, leaving the neck of the
womb in place [cervix],
• Total hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and cervix,
• Hysterectomy is done because of: heavy vaginal bleeding,
uterus fibroids, severe pain with the menses, uterus prolapse,
Cervix or uterine cancer, recurrent uterine polyps.
7. Hernia repair
• Hernia occurs when a part of the abdominal cavity bulges out
of
its original location when its usually contained, or because of
weak muscles.
A surgical procedure is performed to help return the bulging
pieces
of the intestine or abdominal tissues back to its original safe
place.
8. Bowel resection or Enterectomy
• A bowel resection is a surgery to remove any part of the bowel.
• This includes the small intestine, large intestine or rectum,
• This procedure is used to treat diseases and blockages in the intestine,
• Bowel disease conditions can put your life at risk and danger
because the condition will not let the bowel to work as they should,
This causes symptoms like: abdominal pai and discomfort
Conditions like: cancer, blockage, diverticulitis, infection, severe
bleeding.
9. C-Section
• C-section is the surgical removal of the baby/delivery of the baby
• A cut is made in the in the mothers abdomen and uterus,
• Doctors perform C-section if the mother has no ability to apply the
necessary pressure, or if the head of the baby is large, if mother
pelvic girdle is small, if no natural delivery is possible doctors perform
a safer method called C-section,
an incision is made up-and-down[vertical],
or across from side to side[horizontal].
10. INCISION
• An incision usually refers to a cut that’s made by a surgeon during the
surgery,
• A wound is voluntarily made especially in surgery by incision or cut
on the tissues to treat a health problem-
by exposing the inner part of the human body.
11. Types of incision
• Vertical incision
midline incision
paramedian incision.
.Transverse and oblique incision
Kochers subcostal incision,
Mc burneys grid iron or muscle splitting incision,
Pfannenstiel incision,
Maylard transverse muscle cutting incision,
Oblique muscle cutting incision,
Thoraco-abdominal incision.