Initially published on 1st December 2018 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/2018/12/01/turkey-21st-c-geopolitics-the-advice-i-gave-to-the-turkish-establishment-back-in-the-mid-90s/
Excerpt:
In fact, the astute observation that the fall of the 'Eastern bloc' would sooner or later bring forth the eradication of the 'Western bloc' had little to do with the common, yet nonsensical, assumption that the events of the period 1989 - 1991 would have a political - ideological or a financial - economic or even a social - intellectual impact. These types of impact are indeed minor, if the events are evaluated from a historian's viewpoint.
In reality, the formation of the post-WW II international order was an abnormal, artificial construction, pretty much like the establishment of the post-WW I world order. The difference is that in the period between the two world wars there appeared to still exist, act and evolve - within the context of human life - several human and spiritual forces and factors that were totally concealed out of the artificial post-WW II world. Then, the collapse of one major constituent of that fake world would automatically unleash at least part of the concealed forces and factors whose dynamics in turn would easily bring down the rest of the artificial fabrication.
So, all post 1989-1991 developments have in reality little to do with the proper impact that the event itself has had (which was minor) and are mainly due to the forceful comeback of earlier concealed forces.
This document provides an introduction and overview to Noam Chomsky's book "Deterring Democracy" which examines US foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. The introduction discusses how the US remains the dominant military power globally despite its declining economic strength relative to Europe and Japan. It argues this imbalance could lead the US to increasingly rely on force rather than diplomacy to maintain its dominance. The document also outlines how the book will examine the interplay between freedom and control in democratic societies and how concepts of democracy are applied in US foreign policy.
This document provides an examination paper for the Advanced Higher History qualification in Scotland. It contains 11 different fields of study that candidates can choose from for the exam. For each field there are 2 parts - Part 1 contains 2 essay questions to answer, and Part 2 provides historical sources to analyze in response to 3 questions. The document samples one of the fields of study, (1) Northern Britain from the Romans to AD 1000, providing the essay questions for Part 1 and the sources and questions for Part 2.
This document provides an examination for the Advanced Higher History qualification in Scotland. It contains 11 fields of study, with each field listing 5 questions for Part 1 and providing the page number for Part 2. The fields of study include topics in Northern British, Scottish, Italian, American, Japanese, German, South African, Soviet, and British history from various time periods. For each time period, candidates are instructed to choose two questions from Part 1 to answer, and to complete all questions in Part 2 for their chosen field of study.
This document provides information about the fields of study and questions for the Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It lists 11 fields of study that candidates can choose from, with each field containing two parts - Part 1 lists 5 short-answer questions to choose from, and Part 2 provides sources and questions related to that field of study. The document provides the fields of study, their corresponding page numbers, and all the questions for Parts 1 and 2 for each field. It is the information booklet that candidates will use to answer questions on their chosen field for the Advanced Higher History exam.
This document provides a selection of sources related to two fields of study for the Advanced Higher History exam: (1) Northern Britain from the Romans to AD 1000, and (2) Scottish Independence (1286-1329).
For the first field, the sources include a Pictish symbol stone, an excerpt from a 1908 history book describing Roman conquests in Northern Britain, a passage from a 13th century chronicle on the rule of King Kenneth mac Alpin, and a 1984 academic text analyzing Kenneth's role.
For the second field on Scottish independence, the sources consist of excerpts from a 14th century chronicle on King John's humiliation at an English parliament, a 1974 history analyzing Robert Bruce
This document provides information about the Advanced Higher History exam for Scotland in 2013. It lists 11 different fields of study that candidates can choose from, with each field containing two parts. For the chosen field, candidates must answer two questions from Part 1 and all questions in Part 2. Part 1 provides 5 questions to choose from, each worth 25 marks. The document then provides the questions for each of the 11 fields of study.
This document provides the questions and sources for the Advanced Higher History exam on 26 May 2008. The exam covers 12 fields of study, with candidates required to answer two questions from Part 1 and all questions in Part 2 for their chosen field. The sample field provided is on Northern Britain from the Romans to AD 1000. Part 1 contains 6 questions and Part 2 contains 3 questions accompanied by 4 relevant sources to analyze.
This document appears to be an exam paper for a History Advanced Higher qualification in Scotland. It covers 11 different fields of study and provides exam questions for two parts related to each topic. The document provides context, instructions, and sample exam questions for topics ranging from Northern Britain under Roman rule to the British home front during World War 2. Students would need to choose two fields of study and answer questions from both parts 1 and 2 for each field. Part 1 questions ask students to analyze sources and part 2 questions require students to answer questions based on provided historical sources. The document is laying out the structure and requirements for the History Advanced Higher exam.
This document provides an introduction and overview to Noam Chomsky's book "Deterring Democracy" which examines US foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. The introduction discusses how the US remains the dominant military power globally despite its declining economic strength relative to Europe and Japan. It argues this imbalance could lead the US to increasingly rely on force rather than diplomacy to maintain its dominance. The document also outlines how the book will examine the interplay between freedom and control in democratic societies and how concepts of democracy are applied in US foreign policy.
This document provides an examination paper for the Advanced Higher History qualification in Scotland. It contains 11 different fields of study that candidates can choose from for the exam. For each field there are 2 parts - Part 1 contains 2 essay questions to answer, and Part 2 provides historical sources to analyze in response to 3 questions. The document samples one of the fields of study, (1) Northern Britain from the Romans to AD 1000, providing the essay questions for Part 1 and the sources and questions for Part 2.
This document provides an examination for the Advanced Higher History qualification in Scotland. It contains 11 fields of study, with each field listing 5 questions for Part 1 and providing the page number for Part 2. The fields of study include topics in Northern British, Scottish, Italian, American, Japanese, German, South African, Soviet, and British history from various time periods. For each time period, candidates are instructed to choose two questions from Part 1 to answer, and to complete all questions in Part 2 for their chosen field of study.
This document provides information about the fields of study and questions for the Advanced Higher History exam in Scotland. It lists 11 fields of study that candidates can choose from, with each field containing two parts - Part 1 lists 5 short-answer questions to choose from, and Part 2 provides sources and questions related to that field of study. The document provides the fields of study, their corresponding page numbers, and all the questions for Parts 1 and 2 for each field. It is the information booklet that candidates will use to answer questions on their chosen field for the Advanced Higher History exam.
This document provides a selection of sources related to two fields of study for the Advanced Higher History exam: (1) Northern Britain from the Romans to AD 1000, and (2) Scottish Independence (1286-1329).
For the first field, the sources include a Pictish symbol stone, an excerpt from a 1908 history book describing Roman conquests in Northern Britain, a passage from a 13th century chronicle on the rule of King Kenneth mac Alpin, and a 1984 academic text analyzing Kenneth's role.
For the second field on Scottish independence, the sources consist of excerpts from a 14th century chronicle on King John's humiliation at an English parliament, a 1974 history analyzing Robert Bruce
This document provides information about the Advanced Higher History exam for Scotland in 2013. It lists 11 different fields of study that candidates can choose from, with each field containing two parts. For the chosen field, candidates must answer two questions from Part 1 and all questions in Part 2. Part 1 provides 5 questions to choose from, each worth 25 marks. The document then provides the questions for each of the 11 fields of study.
This document provides the questions and sources for the Advanced Higher History exam on 26 May 2008. The exam covers 12 fields of study, with candidates required to answer two questions from Part 1 and all questions in Part 2 for their chosen field. The sample field provided is on Northern Britain from the Romans to AD 1000. Part 1 contains 6 questions and Part 2 contains 3 questions accompanied by 4 relevant sources to analyze.
This document appears to be an exam paper for a History Advanced Higher qualification in Scotland. It covers 11 different fields of study and provides exam questions for two parts related to each topic. The document provides context, instructions, and sample exam questions for topics ranging from Northern Britain under Roman rule to the British home front during World War 2. Students would need to choose two fields of study and answer questions from both parts 1 and 2 for each field. Part 1 questions ask students to analyze sources and part 2 questions require students to answer questions based on provided historical sources. The document is laying out the structure and requirements for the History Advanced Higher exam.
This chapter discusses the global crisis from 1921 to 1941. It covers US diplomacy in the interwar period including conferences to limit arms and the Kellogg-Briand Pact. As fascism rose in Europe in the 1930s with Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy, the US initially pursued isolationist policies through neutrality acts. However, Germany and Italy's aggression led the US to abandon neutrality and provide aid to Britain through Lend-Lease. The US also grew closer to allies with the Atlantic Charter. Japan's growing imperialism culminated in the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, bringing the US fully into World War II.
FDR believed that Democrats could regain control of Congress once the Republicans led the country into a serious economic depression, as occurred in the 1930s with the Great Depression. FDR seized the opportunity presented by the crisis to implement durable reforms through his New Deal policies aimed at providing security for Americans. His reforms like Social Security, FDIC, and SEC endured because they reduced risks for future generations rather than just addressing the immediate crisis. FDR understood that crises can enable progress through reforms by creating both peril and possibility. Obama similarly aims to advance long-stalled reforms using the current economic crisis as an opportunity, as FDR did.
Comparative history assignmet 6 history 141Desireeh21
1) The 1920s saw major cultural changes in both the US and France fueled by postwar prosperity and new attitudes. In the US, movies played a key role in challenging traditional values through their fantasy worlds.
2) Jazz originated from African American musical traditions and spread to American cities through migration. While gaining slow acceptance due to its racial origins, white orchestras later popularized jazz.
3) The cultural exchange between the US and France in the 1920s, particularly around jazz in Paris, represented a larger transatlantic shift as both societies embraced new pleasures and challenged conventional ways.
The document provides background information on the events leading up to World War II. It discusses how the Treaty of Versailles set the stage by humiliating Germany and contributing to economic instability. The Great Depression exacerbated unemployment and poverty, aiding the rise of authoritarian governments in Germany and elsewhere. Hitler steadily expanded German territory through the 1930s in violation of the treaty but faced little resistance. Key events included remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia, and the invasion of Poland, which triggered Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany, marking the start of World War II.
This document contains an overview of a chapter that discusses the United States' entry into World War I. The chapter is divided into multiple sections that cover the causes of American intervention, the home front during the war, the fighting in the war, and the war's impact. It provides learning objectives for each section and includes interactive elements like audio, slides and questions.
This document provides an overview of chapters in a history textbook, including the Nixon administration, the Watergate scandal, and the 1970s. It includes sections on Nixon's domestic agenda and foreign policy achievements, as well as the Watergate break-in and cover-up. The scandal eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974. Later sections discuss the presidencies of Ford and Carter during the economic troubles of the 1970s.
Here are the key differences between socialism and communism:
- Socialism allows for some private ownership of business and property, while communism advocates public/government ownership of all major means of production like factories and infrastructure.
- Politically, socialism can exist within a democratic system with multiple parties, while communism is typically a one-party totalitarian system led by a vanguard party.
- Under socialism the goal is public ownership of utilities, banks, and major industries, but not necessarily complete government control of the economy. Communism aims for complete public control and abolition of private property and business ownership.
So in summary, socialism advocates a mixed economy with public and private sectors working together, while communism seeks a fully planned public economy with
This document provides an overview of chapters in a textbook about the New Deal. It includes sections on Roosevelt taking office, the First New Deal, the Second New Deal, and the New Deal Coalition. Interactive elements like slides, audio, and questions are included to guide students through the material. The sections describe programs implemented under each phase of the New Deal such as the CCC, AAA, and Social Security, and their goals of providing relief, reform, and recovery from the Great Depression.
The breakup of the Soviet Union, the largest country in size, in 1991 was one of the top five news of the 20th century
Caused by multiple reasons, it resulted in multi-dimensional consequences, short term as well as long term
Some of the consequences we are still witnessing even in the 21st century, some may be witnessed by the coming generations
This presentation is an attempt to analyse the causes of this momentous event and assess its far-reaching consequences
Dr. Nadia Schadlow's book analyzes the importance of "governance operations" after combat to consolidate military victories. She argues that the US military, specifically the Army, has historically been effective at stabilizing territories and establishing governance but this ability has been neglected. When governance was done well in Germany, Japan, Italy and South Korea, it led to strategic success, but failures in Afghanistan and Iraq showed that without governance, victories cannot be sustained. Schadlow maintains that governance planning should be a major part of war planning and fall to the Army, but it has received little attention since the end of the Cold War.
Developmental Issues as identified in Italian Neo-realist cinemaNamrata Bhatnagar
1. The document analyzes Italian neo-realist films The Bicycle Thief and Umberto D, which depict the poverty and unemployment in Italy following World War 2.
2. It discusses how the Marshall Plan provided aid to Italy but the government initially focused funds on trade deficits rather than public works, leading to jobless growth for many years.
3. Overall economic growth rates increased but this did not immediately translate to higher living standards for most citizens, as shown by the films' portrayals of ongoing poverty. The development benefits of growth were slow to trickle down to average Italians.
The document provides an overview of a chapter on the Great Depression, including:
- Sections on the causes of the Depression, life during the Depression, and President Hoover's responses.
- It describes the hardships Americans faced, such as bread lines and shantytowns, and how they escaped through movies and radio.
- Artists depicted the suffering of the time, including Grant Wood and John Steinbeck.
The document provides an overview of sections from a chapter on the 1920s in the United States. It includes summaries of section topics on presidential politics, a growing economy, and policies of prosperity. Key events discussed include scandals in the Harding administration, economic growth fueled by new industries like automobiles, and struggles faced by farmers during this time period. Interactive elements like hyperlinks and audio are noted throughout.
The document provides an overview of chapter content on political developments in the late 19th century United States, including the rise of populism and segregation. It outlines three main sections on stalemate in Washington between Republicans and Democrats, the emergence of populism among farmers seeking economic relief, and increasing legal segregation of African Americans in the South. The chapter objectives and assessments are also listed.
The document is a chapter outline for a history textbook on post-Civil War America. It covers four main sections: immigration, urbanization, the Gilded Age, and the rebirth of reform. The urbanization section discusses the growth of cities in the late 1800s due to immigration and industrialization. It notes challenges like crime, disease and pollution in cities. Political machines helped immigrants but also engaged in graft.
The document provides an overview of a textbook chapter on the Vietnam War, including sections on early American involvement in Vietnam, how the war escalated under presidents Johnson and Nixon, and the growing anti-war movement. It contains chapter objectives, summaries of each section, questions, and interactive elements for students.
This document provides an introduction and historical overview of Japan's economic rise following World War 2. It discusses how Japan rebuilt its economy under US occupation and guidance, adopting a peaceful foreign policy. It then summarizes how Japan experienced a post-war economic miracle through high growth rates, becoming the world's 2nd largest economy by prioritizing exports and industrialization. The role of the Japanese state in guiding private enterprises through a mixture of planning and control is also examined.
The document provides an overview of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs launched in response to the Great Depression. It discusses FDR's election in 1932, his initial actions to stabilize the economy like closing banks, and major New Deal programs passed during the Hundred Days like the CCC and AAA. It also summarizes the Second New Deal launched in 1935 which included the WPA and Social Security, as well as opposition from critics. The New Deal fundamentally changed the relationship between Americans and their government but faced limits and challenges that contributed to its eventual end in 1938.
The document compares the leadership approaches of FDR and Hitler during the Great Depression. Both came to power appealing to unemployed masses and implemented work programs to curb civil unrest. They centralized control over industries and wages. While FDR taxed businesses for new programs, Hitler banned farm sales and transfers. Both leaders relied heavily on propaganda to consolidate power and promote a sense of crisis and national interest to justify their means. The document suggests Hitler closely studied and emulated FDR's policies and communications strategies during this period.
This document provides background information on the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia in the 1930s, including the regimes led by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Adolf Hitler in Germany. It then discusses the early years of World War II, including Germany's rapid military conquests across Europe in 1939-1941. It also covers the debate in the United States over intervention in the war prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, which prompted America's entry into the war. Finally, it summarizes the initial challenges faced by the Allies in 1942 as Japan expanded its territory rapidly in the Pacific.
Contents
I. Several 20th-century Statesmen
II. What it takes to be a Statesman
III. The Dreadful Disaster that Kemal Ataturk averted
IV. Kemal Ataturk compared to Several Western Statesmen
V. Who was the Real, Historical Kemal Ataturk?
VI. Kemal Ataturk & Lenin: today's Islamists are closer to Lenin
VII. Kemal Ataturk, Islamic Spirituality, and the Secular Nature of the Islamic State
VIII. Kemal Ataturk and the Origins of his Spirituality: an Embarrassment for All Western States and Secret Societies
IX. Kemal Ataturk and the Nature of his Accomplishments
X. Kemal Ataturk's Everlasting Legacy and Turkey's Betrayers
A – The Islamists
B – The Pan-Turanianists
C – The Kemalists
First published on 20th December 2020 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/2020/12/20/kemal-ataturk-1938-2020-the-worlds-greatest-20th-century-statesman-betrayed-by-islamists-pan-turanianists-kemalists/
El próximo 15 de julio se cumple un año de la intentona golpista en Turquía. A continuación, compartimos un análisis del fallido golpe " Historia y Memoria" elaborado por el Centro de Investigación de la Agencia TRT Mundo
This chapter discusses the global crisis from 1921 to 1941. It covers US diplomacy in the interwar period including conferences to limit arms and the Kellogg-Briand Pact. As fascism rose in Europe in the 1930s with Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy, the US initially pursued isolationist policies through neutrality acts. However, Germany and Italy's aggression led the US to abandon neutrality and provide aid to Britain through Lend-Lease. The US also grew closer to allies with the Atlantic Charter. Japan's growing imperialism culminated in the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, bringing the US fully into World War II.
FDR believed that Democrats could regain control of Congress once the Republicans led the country into a serious economic depression, as occurred in the 1930s with the Great Depression. FDR seized the opportunity presented by the crisis to implement durable reforms through his New Deal policies aimed at providing security for Americans. His reforms like Social Security, FDIC, and SEC endured because they reduced risks for future generations rather than just addressing the immediate crisis. FDR understood that crises can enable progress through reforms by creating both peril and possibility. Obama similarly aims to advance long-stalled reforms using the current economic crisis as an opportunity, as FDR did.
Comparative history assignmet 6 history 141Desireeh21
1) The 1920s saw major cultural changes in both the US and France fueled by postwar prosperity and new attitudes. In the US, movies played a key role in challenging traditional values through their fantasy worlds.
2) Jazz originated from African American musical traditions and spread to American cities through migration. While gaining slow acceptance due to its racial origins, white orchestras later popularized jazz.
3) The cultural exchange between the US and France in the 1920s, particularly around jazz in Paris, represented a larger transatlantic shift as both societies embraced new pleasures and challenged conventional ways.
The document provides background information on the events leading up to World War II. It discusses how the Treaty of Versailles set the stage by humiliating Germany and contributing to economic instability. The Great Depression exacerbated unemployment and poverty, aiding the rise of authoritarian governments in Germany and elsewhere. Hitler steadily expanded German territory through the 1930s in violation of the treaty but faced little resistance. Key events included remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia, and the invasion of Poland, which triggered Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany, marking the start of World War II.
This document contains an overview of a chapter that discusses the United States' entry into World War I. The chapter is divided into multiple sections that cover the causes of American intervention, the home front during the war, the fighting in the war, and the war's impact. It provides learning objectives for each section and includes interactive elements like audio, slides and questions.
This document provides an overview of chapters in a history textbook, including the Nixon administration, the Watergate scandal, and the 1970s. It includes sections on Nixon's domestic agenda and foreign policy achievements, as well as the Watergate break-in and cover-up. The scandal eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974. Later sections discuss the presidencies of Ford and Carter during the economic troubles of the 1970s.
Here are the key differences between socialism and communism:
- Socialism allows for some private ownership of business and property, while communism advocates public/government ownership of all major means of production like factories and infrastructure.
- Politically, socialism can exist within a democratic system with multiple parties, while communism is typically a one-party totalitarian system led by a vanguard party.
- Under socialism the goal is public ownership of utilities, banks, and major industries, but not necessarily complete government control of the economy. Communism aims for complete public control and abolition of private property and business ownership.
So in summary, socialism advocates a mixed economy with public and private sectors working together, while communism seeks a fully planned public economy with
This document provides an overview of chapters in a textbook about the New Deal. It includes sections on Roosevelt taking office, the First New Deal, the Second New Deal, and the New Deal Coalition. Interactive elements like slides, audio, and questions are included to guide students through the material. The sections describe programs implemented under each phase of the New Deal such as the CCC, AAA, and Social Security, and their goals of providing relief, reform, and recovery from the Great Depression.
The breakup of the Soviet Union, the largest country in size, in 1991 was one of the top five news of the 20th century
Caused by multiple reasons, it resulted in multi-dimensional consequences, short term as well as long term
Some of the consequences we are still witnessing even in the 21st century, some may be witnessed by the coming generations
This presentation is an attempt to analyse the causes of this momentous event and assess its far-reaching consequences
Dr. Nadia Schadlow's book analyzes the importance of "governance operations" after combat to consolidate military victories. She argues that the US military, specifically the Army, has historically been effective at stabilizing territories and establishing governance but this ability has been neglected. When governance was done well in Germany, Japan, Italy and South Korea, it led to strategic success, but failures in Afghanistan and Iraq showed that without governance, victories cannot be sustained. Schadlow maintains that governance planning should be a major part of war planning and fall to the Army, but it has received little attention since the end of the Cold War.
Developmental Issues as identified in Italian Neo-realist cinemaNamrata Bhatnagar
1. The document analyzes Italian neo-realist films The Bicycle Thief and Umberto D, which depict the poverty and unemployment in Italy following World War 2.
2. It discusses how the Marshall Plan provided aid to Italy but the government initially focused funds on trade deficits rather than public works, leading to jobless growth for many years.
3. Overall economic growth rates increased but this did not immediately translate to higher living standards for most citizens, as shown by the films' portrayals of ongoing poverty. The development benefits of growth were slow to trickle down to average Italians.
The document provides an overview of a chapter on the Great Depression, including:
- Sections on the causes of the Depression, life during the Depression, and President Hoover's responses.
- It describes the hardships Americans faced, such as bread lines and shantytowns, and how they escaped through movies and radio.
- Artists depicted the suffering of the time, including Grant Wood and John Steinbeck.
The document provides an overview of sections from a chapter on the 1920s in the United States. It includes summaries of section topics on presidential politics, a growing economy, and policies of prosperity. Key events discussed include scandals in the Harding administration, economic growth fueled by new industries like automobiles, and struggles faced by farmers during this time period. Interactive elements like hyperlinks and audio are noted throughout.
The document provides an overview of chapter content on political developments in the late 19th century United States, including the rise of populism and segregation. It outlines three main sections on stalemate in Washington between Republicans and Democrats, the emergence of populism among farmers seeking economic relief, and increasing legal segregation of African Americans in the South. The chapter objectives and assessments are also listed.
The document is a chapter outline for a history textbook on post-Civil War America. It covers four main sections: immigration, urbanization, the Gilded Age, and the rebirth of reform. The urbanization section discusses the growth of cities in the late 1800s due to immigration and industrialization. It notes challenges like crime, disease and pollution in cities. Political machines helped immigrants but also engaged in graft.
The document provides an overview of a textbook chapter on the Vietnam War, including sections on early American involvement in Vietnam, how the war escalated under presidents Johnson and Nixon, and the growing anti-war movement. It contains chapter objectives, summaries of each section, questions, and interactive elements for students.
This document provides an introduction and historical overview of Japan's economic rise following World War 2. It discusses how Japan rebuilt its economy under US occupation and guidance, adopting a peaceful foreign policy. It then summarizes how Japan experienced a post-war economic miracle through high growth rates, becoming the world's 2nd largest economy by prioritizing exports and industrialization. The role of the Japanese state in guiding private enterprises through a mixture of planning and control is also examined.
The document provides an overview of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs launched in response to the Great Depression. It discusses FDR's election in 1932, his initial actions to stabilize the economy like closing banks, and major New Deal programs passed during the Hundred Days like the CCC and AAA. It also summarizes the Second New Deal launched in 1935 which included the WPA and Social Security, as well as opposition from critics. The New Deal fundamentally changed the relationship between Americans and their government but faced limits and challenges that contributed to its eventual end in 1938.
The document compares the leadership approaches of FDR and Hitler during the Great Depression. Both came to power appealing to unemployed masses and implemented work programs to curb civil unrest. They centralized control over industries and wages. While FDR taxed businesses for new programs, Hitler banned farm sales and transfers. Both leaders relied heavily on propaganda to consolidate power and promote a sense of crisis and national interest to justify their means. The document suggests Hitler closely studied and emulated FDR's policies and communications strategies during this period.
This document provides background information on the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia in the 1930s, including the regimes led by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Adolf Hitler in Germany. It then discusses the early years of World War II, including Germany's rapid military conquests across Europe in 1939-1941. It also covers the debate in the United States over intervention in the war prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, which prompted America's entry into the war. Finally, it summarizes the initial challenges faced by the Allies in 1942 as Japan expanded its territory rapidly in the Pacific.
Contents
I. Several 20th-century Statesmen
II. What it takes to be a Statesman
III. The Dreadful Disaster that Kemal Ataturk averted
IV. Kemal Ataturk compared to Several Western Statesmen
V. Who was the Real, Historical Kemal Ataturk?
VI. Kemal Ataturk & Lenin: today's Islamists are closer to Lenin
VII. Kemal Ataturk, Islamic Spirituality, and the Secular Nature of the Islamic State
VIII. Kemal Ataturk and the Origins of his Spirituality: an Embarrassment for All Western States and Secret Societies
IX. Kemal Ataturk and the Nature of his Accomplishments
X. Kemal Ataturk's Everlasting Legacy and Turkey's Betrayers
A – The Islamists
B – The Pan-Turanianists
C – The Kemalists
First published on 20th December 2020 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/2020/12/20/kemal-ataturk-1938-2020-the-worlds-greatest-20th-century-statesman-betrayed-by-islamists-pan-turanianists-kemalists/
El próximo 15 de julio se cumple un año de la intentona golpista en Turquía. A continuación, compartimos un análisis del fallido golpe " Historia y Memoria" elaborado por el Centro de Investigación de la Agencia TRT Mundo
First published on 11th February 2021 here:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2021/02/11/turkey-china-and-the-diverse-forms-of-colonial-forgery-of-history-fake-muslims-and-the-fake-states-of-greece-russia-iran-india-israel-and-ethiopia/
Turkey, China and the Diverse Forms of Colonial Forgery of History: Fake Muslims and the Fake States of Greece, Russia, Iran, India, Israel, and Ethiopia
Turkey and China: an Alliance to Conquer the World – Part III
There are no prosperous countries, successful states and victorious armies, but forceful societies; this means creative, expanding cultures and triumphant faiths. In Modern Times and among the developed countries, cultures have been mostly supplanted by state-controlled education, which is geared in order to apply preconceived ideas and fabricated dogmas on a degraded society with abandoned moral values, mutating cultures, highly politicized faith, and therefore ailing structures. When a religion is turned to mere political ideology, the faith is dead and the culture is putrefied. The society that lives this tragedy is a passive corpse unable for action, let alone continuity or survival. Then, the nation in question has gradually become a tool for the materialization of the political targets of secluded elites that have full consciousness of their criminality.
Machiavelli Essays. Ewrt 2 class 11 machiavelliJulie Roest
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The Mithraic Trajectory of an Unknown Transcendentalist
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Table of Contents
I. The erroneous perception of Stalin among most people today
II. The erroneous perception of WW II by average people today
III. The true Yalta Conference
IV. The Big Game never ended
V. Good intentions and evil purposes
VI. Roosevelt & Stalin: like Abraham Lincoln & Alexander II
VII. The real, hidden Stalin: an experienced mystic
VIII. A Turkish ambassador speaks about Stalin living in Artvin and Istanbul
IX. Stalin in Ottoman Anatolia: 1911-1912
X. Turkish statesman Rıza Nur noted that Stalin understood Turkish
XI. Stalin's cultural background: distorted & unknown to most
XII. The Mithraic Iranian cultural heritage of Georgia & Stalin
XIII. The long, heavy shadow of the Sassanids
XIV. An indelible stamp on Islam: the Iranian Intermezzo
XV. The intertwined Islamic & Christian cultural heritage of Georgia, and Shota Rustaveli
XVI. Rustaveli's Russian translations and Stalin's pseudonyms
XVII. Archaeological excavations and Orientalist discoveries prior to Stalin's sojourn in Anatolia
XVIII. Stalin's textual sources of information about Mithra and the Mithraic mysteries
XIX. Spirituality, Religion, Eschatology, Soteriology, the Extinction of the Mankind, and Stalin
XX. Major themes of Stalin's spiritual quest in Anatolia – 1. Tauroctony and Crucifixion
XXI. Major themes of Stalin's spiritual quest in Anatolia – 2. Mithraic Trinity, Christian Trinity, Spirituality and Stalin
XXII. Major themes of Stalin's spiritual quest in Anatolia – 3. Solar nature of Mithraism / Immaculate birth from the rock
XXIII. How Stalin's Mithraic meditations in Anatolia formed his decision-making
1. Pontus' King Mithridates VI's wars with Rome
2. Cilicia's Mithraic Pirates in fight with Rome, the desecration of Greece, and Stalin
3. Did Stalin travel to visit the world's greatest Mithraic monument at Nemrut Dagh?
4. Stalin's Mithraic meditations and anti-sacerdotal stance
5. The Mithraic version of the Assyrian-Babylonian Gilgamesh: Verethragna, and his association with Heracles in Nemrut Dagh
6. Mithraic Anatolian Imperial Spirituality vs. Nordic Mythology: Stalin vs. Hitler
XXIV. Rome, New Rome, the Third Rome, and Stalin
XXV. Mithraism, Christianity, Stalin and the Antichrist
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First published on 11th January 2023 here:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2023/01/11/stalin-in-ottoman-anatolia-his-spiritual-religious-and-historical-quests/
This document provides an introduction to the book "The Milner-Fabian Conspiracy" which aims to expand on previous works detailing an international elite that seeks to dominate the world. The introduction outlines how the book will examine socialism and its links to events like the Russian Revolution and World Wars. It will also analyze modern issues like immigration, multiculturalism, and Islamization which are negatively impacting populations. The goal is to provide information to encourage political debate and action to combat tyranny and reestablish democracy and freedom.
The Atlantic Monthly January 2002 THE HARD QUESVannaJoy20
The Atlantic Monthly | January 2002
THE HARD QUESTIONS
What Went Wrong?
By all standards of the modern world—economic development, literacy, scientific
achievement—Muslim civilization, once a mighty enterprise, has fallen low. Many in the
Middle East blame a variety of outside forces. But underlying much of the Muslim world's
travail may be a simple lack of freedom
B Y B E R N A R D L E W I S
. . . . .
n the course of the twentieth century it became abundantly clear that things had gone
badly wrong in the Middle East—and, indeed, in all the lands of Islam. Compared
with Christendom, its rival for more than a millennium, the world of Islam had
become poor, weak, and ignorant. The primacy and therefore the dominance of the
West was clear for all to see, invading every aspect of the Muslim's public and even—
more painfully—his private life.
Muslim modernizers—by reform or revolution—concentrated their efforts in three
main areas: military, economic, and political. The results achieved were, to say the
least, disappointing. The quest for victory by updated armies brought a series of
humiliating defeats. The quest for prosperity through development brought in some
countries impoverished and corrupt economies in recurring need of external aid, in
others an unhealthy dependence on a single resource—oil. And even this was
discovered, extracted, and put to use by Western ingenuity and industry, and is
doomed, sooner or later, to be exhausted, or, more probably, superseded, as the
international community grows weary of a fuel that pollutes the land, the sea, and the
air wherever it is used or transported, and that puts the world economy at the mercy of
a clique of capricious autocrats. Worst of all are the political results: the long quest for
freedom has left a string of shabby tyrannies, ranging from traditional autocracies to
dictatorships that are modern only in their apparatus of repression and indoctrination.
Many remedies were tried—weapons and factories, schools and parliaments—but
none achieved the desired result. Here and there they brought some alleviation and, to
limited elements of the population, some benefit. But they failed to remedy or even to
halt the increasing imbalance between Islam and the Western world.
There was worse to come. It was bad enough for Muslims to feel poor and weak after
centuries of being rich and strong, to lose the position of leadership that they had
come to regard as their right, and to be reduced to the role of followers of the West.
But the twentieth century, particularly the second half, brought further humiliation—
the awareness that they were no longer even the first among followers but were falling
back in a lengthening line of eager and more successful Westernizers, notably in East
Asia. The rise of Japan had been an encouragement but also a reproach. The later rise
of other Asian economic powers brought only reproach. The proud hei ...
First published on 29th May 2020 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/2020/05/29/29-may-1453-the-most-useless-ottoman-victory/
Excerpt:
Who went beyond plots and schemes?
Surely only one! But he was great enough to do so: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
He terminated the otherwise useless status of the ominous city as a capital of two long lasted empires that were both defunct long before their respective death certificate's issuance dates.
Kemal Ataturk proved also to be the greater historian of his times, because he convincingly concluded what Eastern Roman 'basileis' and Ottoman sultans / caliphs failed to ever understand:
- either Constantinople or Istanbul, this city failed the two empires.
In other words, the capital city and the therein prevailing theological circles was the main reason the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire / Caliphate failed.
In both cases, the administration of the capital city was caught in conflict with overwhelming movements in Anatolia (Icon-fighters / Iconomachy and Paulicianism at the times of the Eastern Roman Empire; Qizilbash and Bektashi at the times of the Ottoman Empire / Caliphate).
In all of the aforementioned four cases, the ominous Constantinopolitan / Istanbulite administration acted as a heinous, heretic and lunatic, extremist group that brought about short term prevalence and long term disaster.
In all four cases, the imperial administration used the army to squelch the opponents, thus alienating the bulk of the Anatolian population which constituted for 1600 years the vertebral column of the imperial state.
Constantinople / Istanbul was unfit to become a capital city for empires controlling Anatolia and the Balkans to say the least. The capital had to be located in Anatolia, in Cappadocia; and Kemal Ataturk draw a correct conclusion that historians and academics had failed and still fail to conclude.
With capital at Caesarea, the Eastern Roman Empire would have lasted longer.
With capital at Kayseri, the Ottoman Empire / Caliphate would have lasted longer.
This document provides a summary of the book "A History of Central Banking and the Enslavement of Mankind" by Stephen Mitford Goodson. The book argues that private central banking systems have historically abused monetary systems and created money as interest-bearing debt in order to concentrate power. It presents periods of state control over money as being associated with prosperity, while private banking led to economic instability. The author believes dismantling private fractional-reserve banking and supporting central banks is the solution to gaining sovereignty over monetary systems. The foreword endorses examining these controversial topics and views central banking as profoundly impacting wealth distribution and inhumane.
This document discusses three key legacies of the Cold War in Africa:
1) The rapid implementation of the sovereign state model across Africa, encouraged by the US and Soviet competition for influence.
2) The ideological influence of the Cold War on anticolonial movements in Africa and subsequent domestic policies of leaders.
3) The puncturing of utopian post-independence dreams, as proxy wars and economic struggles dashed high expectations raised during decolonization. The Cold War played a major role in shaping modern Africa.
This document provides historical context for understanding Turkey's current political situation. It discusses Turkey's founding as a secular republic after World War I, its embrace of Western ideals while rejecting European imperialism. Turkey joined NATO in 1952 due to security threats from the Soviet Union. However, tensions arose between Turkey and the West over issues like Cyprus. The document aims to show how Turkey's history shapes its current foreign policy challenges and relations with the West.
92510 124 PMThe End of History - Francis FukuyamaPage .docxransayo
9/25/10 1:24 PMThe End of History? - Francis Fukuyama
Page 1 of 16file:///Users/ricklevitt/Library/Mail%20Downloads/The%20End%20of%20History%3F%20-%20Francis%20Fukuyama.html
The End of History?*
Francis Fukuyama**
IN WATCHING the flow of events over the past decade or so, it is hard to avoid the feeling that
something very fundamental has happened in world history. The past year has seen a flood of articles
commemorating the end of the Cold War, and the fact that "peace" seems to be breaking out in many
regions of the world. Most of these analyses lack any larger conceptual framework for distinguishing
between what is essential and what is contingent or accidental in world history, and are predictably
superficial. If Mr. Gorbachev were ousted from the Kremlin or a new Ayatollah proclaimed the
millennium from a desolate Middle Eastern capital, these same commentators would scramble to
announce the rebirth of a new era of conflict.
And yet, all of these people sense dimly that there is some larger process at work, a process that gives
coherence and order to the daily headlines. The twentieth century saw the developed world descend
into a paroxysm of ideological violence, as liberalism contended first with the remnants of absolutism,
then bolshevism and fascism, and finally an updated Marxism that threatened to lead to the ultimate
apocalypse of nuclear war. But the century that began full of self-confidence in the ultimate triumph
of Western liberal democracy seems at its close to be returning full circle to where it started: not to an
"end of ideology" or a convergence between capitalism and socialism, as earlier predicted, but to an
unabashed victory of economic and political liberalism.
The triumph of the West, of the Western idea, is evident first of all in the total exhaustion of viable
systematic alternatives to Western liberalism. In the past decade, there have been unmistakable
changes in the intellectual climate of the world's two largest communist countries, and the beginnings
of significant reform movements in both. But this phenomenon extends beyond high politics and it
can be seen also in the ineluctable spread of consumerist Western culture in such diverse contexts as
the peasants' markets and color television sets now omnipresent throughout China, the cooperative
restaurants and clothing stores opened in the past year in Moscow, the Beethoven piped into Japanese
department stores, and the rock music enjoyed alike in Prague, Rangoon, and Tehran.
What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period
of postwar history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological
evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human
government. This is not to say that there will no longer be events to fill the pages of Foreign Affair's
yearly summaries of international relations, for the victory of liberalism has occurred pri.
1. The document provides an introduction to Charles-Alexis Henri Clerel de Tocqueville and his work Democracy in America. It discusses his background, influences, and key ideas.
2. Tocqueville was concerned with the future of democratic society amid social changes in the 19th century. He saw democracy as leading to increasing equality in all dimensions and traveled to America to study its democratic institutions.
3. The document analyzes Tocqueville's views on democracy, revolution, the modern state, religion, women and family, and his warnings about the potential tyranny of the majority in a democracy. It positions Tocqueville as both a liberal and conservative thinker.
Similar to Turkey & 21st c. Geopolitics: the Advice I gave to the Turkish Establishment back in the mid-90s (13)
Мировая политика как черное и белое: Иран и Израиль, или как люди становятся жертвами намеренно проецируемых на них заблуждений
Содержание
Введение
I. Каждый сектантский подход и каждая сектантская мысль являются порочной ошибкой и нетерпимым поступком
II. Политическая ситуация и международные отношения не определяют природу режимов, правительств и государств
III. Когда дело касается мировых дел, не существует шахматной доски с «черными» и «белыми» клетками
IV. Все СМИ сообщают одну и ту же ложь, меняя только «шахматные наборы»
V. Достоинство иранцев и палестинцев является наиболее спорным вопросом
VI. Вера в обещания, данные врагами, замаскированными под друзей, может оказаться смертельной
VII. Военные и фермеры против королевской семьи и аятолл
VIII. Нет никакой разницы между Ираном и Египтом, когда дело доходит до раболепия по отношению к крупным колониальным схемам
Contents
Introduction
I. Every sectarian approach and every sectarian thought are a vicious mistake and an intolerable act.
II. Political situations and international relations do not define the nature of regimes, governments, and states.
III. When it comes to world affairs, there is no such thing as a chessboard with "black" and "white" squares.
IV. All mass media report the same lies, changing only the «chess sets».
V. The dignity of the Iranians and the Palestinians is a most controversial subject.
VI. Believing promises given by enemies disguised as friends may be lethal.
VII. Military and farmers against the royals and the ayatollahs
VIII. There is no difference between Iran and Egypt when it comes to servility toward major colonial schemes.
За пределами афроцентризма: предпосылки для того, чтобы Сомали возглавила африканскую деколонизацию и девестернизацию
Содержание
Введение
I. Деколонизация и отказ афроцентрической интеллигенции
II. Афроцентристским африканским ученым следовало бы отобрать египтологию у западных востоковедов и африканистов.
III. Западная узурпация африканского наследия должна быть отменена.
IV. Афроцентризм должен был включать в себя резкую критику и полное неприятие так называемой западной цивилизации.
V. Афроцентризм как форма африканского изоляционизма, проводящая линию разделения между колонизированными странами Африки и Азии.
VI. Общая оценка человеческих ресурсов, времени и необходимых затрат
VII. Деколонизация означает, прежде всего, деанглификацию и дефранкизацию.
Contents
Introduction
I. Decolonization and the failure of the Afrocentric Intelligentsia
II. Afrocentric African scholars should have been taken Egyptology back from the Western Orientalists and Africanists
III. Western Usurpation of African Heritage must be canceled.
IV. Afrocentrism had to encompass severe criticism and total rejection of the so-called Western Civilization
V. Afrocentrism as a form of African Isolationism drawing a line of separation between colonized nations in Africa and Asia
VI. General estimation of the human resources, the time, and the cost needed
VII. Decolonization means above all De-Anglicization and De-Francization
What was Ordinary in the Antiquity looks Odd today, due to the Greco-centric Fallacy of the Biased European Colonial 'Academics'
Contents
Introduction
I. Fayoum, Al Bahnasa (Oxyrhynchus), and Ancient Egyptian Papyri
II. Karl Wessely and his groundbreaking research and publications
III. Papyrus fragment 1224 of Karl Wessely's SPP VIII
IV. Βουλγαρικ- (Vulgarik-)
V. Eastern Roman Emperor Maurice's Strategicon and the Bulgarian cloaks
VI. Historical context and the Ancient History of Bulgars
VII. Historical context, the Silk Roads, and Bulgarian exports to Egypt
VIII. Academic context and the Western falsehood of a Euro-centric World History
i- the conceptualization of World History
ii- the contextualization of every single document newly found here and there
iii- the stages of historical falsification that were undertaken over the past 500 years
iv- the forgers themselves and their antiquity
v- and last but not least, several points of
a) governance of modern states
b) international alliances, and
c) the ensuing captivity of all the targeted nations, each one well-adjusted into the preconceived role that the forgers invented for it
Contents
Introduction
I. A fictional concept: the origin of the fraud
II. A construct based on posterior textual sources
III. The deceitful presentation
IV. 5th century BCE texts found in 15th c. CE manuscripts do not make 'History'.
V. Abundant evidence of lies and deliberate distortions attested in the manuscript transmission
VI. Darius I the Great, the Behistun inscription, and Ctesias
VII. The historical Assyrian Queen Shammuramat and the fictional Queen Semiramis of the 'Ancient Greek sources'
VIII. The malignant intentions of the Benedictine liars: from the historical Darius I the Great to the fictional Semiramis
IX. The vicious distortions of the Benedictine liars: from Ctesias to Herodotus
亞里斯多德作為歷史偽造品,西方世界的虛假歷史和腐爛的基礎,金灿荣和他敏銳的評論
Аристотель как историческая подделка, фальшивая история и гнилые основы западного мира, и проницательные комментарии профессора Цзинь Канронга
Contents
I. Aristotle: a Major Founding Myth of the Western World
II. When, where and by whom was the Myth of Aristotle fabricated?
III. The Myth of Aristotle and its first Byproducts: Scholasticism, East-West Schism, the Crusades & the Sack of Constantinople (1204)
IV. Aristotelization: First Stage of the Westernization and the Colonization of the World
V. Aristotelization as Foundation of all the Western Forgeries: the so-called Judeo-Christian Heritage and the Fraud of Greco-Roman Civilization
VI. The Modern Western World as Disruption of History
VII. The Myth of Aristotle and the Monstrosity of Western Colonialism
Introduction
I. Chinese as the First Foreign Language in Egypt
II. Systematic Dissociation and Separation from Western Europe and North America
III. The Egypt - Sudan - Libya Confederation
IV. How the Chinese-Egyptian Alliance will reshape Africa into Five Mega-States
Contents
Introduction
I. Toshka or New Valley Project
II. Water Desalination Plants
III. Relocation of a Sizeable Part of Egypt's Population
IV. The Rafah-Taba Canal
V. Twenty (20) Chinese Universities to operate in Egypt
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First published on 18th January 2024 here:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2024/01/18/a-special-military-alliance-with-china-is-egypts-only-chance-for-survival-iv/
Contents
I. Grave Threats for Egypt's Existence and Serious Danger for China's Expansion
II. Perspectives of the Strategic Alliance between Egypt & China
III. Two Chinese Military Bases in Egypt: One Million Chinese Military on African Soil
IV. Joint Chinese-Egyptian Military Operations in Sudan and the Perspectives of a Chinese-Egyptian-Sudanese Alliance
V. Joint Chinese-Egyptian Military Operations in Libya and the Perspectives of a Chinese-Egyptian-Libyan Alliance
----------
First published on 16th January 2024 here:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2024/01/16/a-special-military-alliance-with-china-is-egypts-only-chance-for-survival-iii/
The rise of China as a world superpower has hitherto been a long path marked with several successes and advances, but also significant drawbacks and failures. The Arab Spring can be seen from many viewpoints and interpreted as per its impact on diverse states, but it was indisputably a severe impediment to China's attempt to penetrate in Africa and offer the numerous African nations a trustworthy perspective and a valuable support in terms of nation building and sustainable development. It goes without saying that, if the Chinese establishment truly intends to bring forth a groundbreaking change at the worldwide level, Beijing must carefully take the lesson of those circumstances before 13 years and overwhelmingly modify China's understanding of perplex situations and approach to long standing problems, notably the European colonialism in Africa and elsewhere.
In the first part of this series of articles, I expanded on a) the centuries-old Western hatred of Egypt, b) the existing historical threats against the Valley of the Nile, c) the gradual process of decomposition that the criminal Western gangsters applied to Libya and the Sudan over the past 12 years, and d) the direct relationship between the otherwise worthless Renaissance Dam (also known as GERD), which has been built in the Occupied Benishangul land (currently province) of Abyssinia (Fake Ethiopia), and the Abyssinian 'Prophecy' against Egypt and Sudan. This is the link:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/2024/01/01/a-special-military-alliance-with-china-is-egypts-only-chance-for-survival/
In the present article, I will complete the presentation of the Egyptian approach to the need of the Egyptian-Chinese Military Alliance and I will expand on the Chinese perspective towards the topic.
Contents
I. The War in Gaza and the Destabilization of the Red Sea Region
II. The Rise of China as a World Super-power
III. The Irrevocable Prerequisites of China's Worldwide Predominance
The Western World hates Egypt terribly; that's why all the administrations of the country -pseudo-royal (khedivial), presidential (military) or Islamist (republican)- were always appointed after French, English and/or American decision or active involvement and with Western support only to function as local ignorant servants definitely unable to fathom the deeply self-destructive nature of the acts that their foreign masters force them to implement, and absolutely unsuspicious of the venomous hatred that their beastly superiors harbor against the Holy Land that is the Valley of the Nile down to Khartoum.
Contents
I. Western Hatred against Egypt and Plans against Mankind
II. The End of Egypt may be very close
III. Egypt and the Pulverization of Sudan and Libya
IV. The Renaissance Dam in the light of the Abyssinian 'Prophecy' against Egypt and Sudan
Περιεχόμενα
Α. Πνευματικότητα, Θρησκείες, Θεολογίες και Ιδεολογίες
Β. Αποδοχή μιας άλλης θρησκείας και δράση προσηλύτων
Γ. Εγκλήματα προσηλυτιστών
Δ. Αλλαγή θρησκείας, προσηλυτισμός και πολυπολιτισμικότητα
Ε. Δεν υπάρχει το Ισλάμ ως θρησκεία χωρίς τις ιστορικές ισλαμικές επιστήμες
Επίλογος
Προτάσεις για την Υπέρβαση της Θράκης, του Κοσμά Μεγαλομμάτη: Εξόρμηση, 5 Μαρτίου 1990; Πολιτικά Θέματα, 2-8 Μαρτίου 1990; Οικονομικός Ταχυδρόμος, Ιούλιος 1990
Proposals to transcend the problem in Thrace, by Cosmas Megalommatis: Exormisi (Sortie), 5 March 1990; Politika Themata (Political Matters), 2-8 March 1990; Oikonomikos Tahydromos (Economic Courier), July 1990
Предложения по преодолению проблемы во Фракии, автор Космас Мегаломматис: Exormisi (Вылазка), 5 марта 1990 г.; Политика Фемата (Политические вопросы), 2–8 марта 1990 года; Ойкономикос Тагидромос (Экономический курьер), июль 1990 г.
Σουννίτες και Σιίτες: στη ρίζα της διαφοράς, του Κοσμά Μεγαλομμάτη – Εποπτεία 119, Ιανουάριος 1987, σελ. 29-37
Sunnis and Shiites: at the root of the dispute, by Cosmas Megalommatis: Epopteia (‘Overview’) 119, January 1987, p. 29-37
Сунниты и шииты: в основе спора, (автор:) Кузьма Мегаломматис: Эпоптея («Обзор») 119, январь 1987 г., с. 29-37
Η διεθνής αντιμετώπιση της ισλαμικής Περσίας, του Κοσμά Μεγαλομμάτη: Εποπτεία 119, Ιανουάριος 1987, σελ. 38-48
How the international community treated the Islamic Republic of Iran, by Cosmas Megalommatis: Epopteia (‘Overview’) 119, January 1987, p. 38-48
Как международное сообщество относилось к Исламской Республике Иран, (автор:) Кузьма Мегаломматис: Эпоптея («Обзор») 119, январь 1987 г., стр. 38-48
Η Πολιτική Ζωή στην Ισλαμική Περσία, του Κοσμά Μεγαλομμάτη: Εποπτεία 119, Ιανουάριος 1987, σελ. 19-28
Political Life in Islamic Iran, by Cosmas Megalommatis: Epopteia (‘Overview’) 119, January 1987, p. 19-28
Политическая жизнь в исламском Иране, (автор:) Кузьма Мегаломматис: Эпоптея («Обзор») 119, январь 1987 г., с. 19-28
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Συνήθεις αναγνώστες μου θα παραξενευθούν επειδή χρησιμοποιώ τον όρο ‘Περσία’ αντί ‘Ιράν’ στο συγκεκριμένο άρθρο, καθώς και σε πολλά άλλα άρθρα, εγκυκλοπαιδικά λήμματα, επιστημονικ΄ά άρθρα, και βιβλία δημοσιευμένα στην δεκαετία του 1980 και στις αρχές του 1990. Αυτό οφείλεται στο γεγονός ότι ο όρος αυτός είναι περισσότερο γνωστός και αγαπητός στο ελληνόφωνο αναγνωστικό κοινό, ενώ ο όρος ‘Ιράν’ ακούγεται μάλλον ξενικός. Τότε έγραφα για να πληροφορήσω και να κατατοπίσω σχετικά με θέματα ιστορικού, πνευματικού, θρησκευτικού και πολιτιστικού ενδιαφέροντος σχετιζόμενα με το Ιράν, καθώς και για υποθέσεις επιμελώς αποκρυμμένες σε όλο τον δυτικό κόσμο, όπως επίσης και για δημιουργήσω συμπάθεια προς το Ιράν εναντίον του οποίου στρέφονταν η Δυτική Ευρώπη, το σοβιετικό μπλοκ, οι ΗΠΑ, άλλες δυτικές χώρες, και τα τρισάθλια σκουπίδια των εθελόδουλων κυβερνητών του ανύπαρκτου και ανυπόστατου “αραβικού” κόσμου. Βεβαίως και τότε γνώριζα πολύ καλά ότι ο εξεπίτηδες προτιμώμενος από την μεροληπτική, αποικιοκρατική, δυτική βιβλιογραφία όρος ‘Περσία’ είναι ολότελα λαθεμένος, επειδή το Φαρς (Περσία) αποτελεί μόνον ένα μικρό τμήμα του ιστορικού Ιράν.
Several of my readers may be astounded because I use the term ‘Persia’ instead of ‘Iran’ in this article, as well as in many other articles, entries to encyclopedias, scholarly articles and books published in the 1980s and the early 1990s. This is due to the fact that this term is better known and preferred by the Greek-speaking readership, while the term ‘Iran’ sounds rather foreign to them. At the time, I was writing in order to inform and enlighten about historical, spiritual, religious and cultural topics pertaining to Iran, as well as about matters carefully hidden throughout the Western world, and in order to generate sympathy for Iran against which Western Europe, the Soviet bloc, the USA, other Western countries, and the wretched, docile and useless rulers of the non-existent “Arab” world had formed an alliance. Of course, even then, I was fully aware of the fact that the term ‘Persia’, which is intentionally supported by the biased colonial Western scholarship, is wrong; this is so because Fars (Persia) is only a small part of historical Iran.
Κοσμάς Μεγαλομμάτης, Ουροβόρος: Παγκόσμια Μυθολογία, Ελληνική Εκπαιδευτική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, 1989
Кузьма Мегаломматис, Уроборос (свернувшийся в кольцо змей или дракон, кусающий себя за хвост): мировая мифология, Греческая педагогическая энциклопедия, 1989
Kosmas Megalommatis, Ouroboros oder Uroboros (‘Selbstverzehrer’ oder ‘Schwanzverzehrender’ / eine zusammengerollte Schlange oder ein Drache, der sich in den Schwanz beißt): Weltmythologie, Griechische Pädagogische Enzyklopädie, 1989
Kosmas Gözübüyükoğlu, Ouroboros (kendi kuyruğunu ısıran bir yılan): Dünya Mitolojisi, Yunan Pedagoji Ansiklopedisi, 1989
قزمان ميغالوماتيس، اوروبروس (دُنبخوار/مار یا اژدهایی است که دماش را میخورد): اساطیر جهانی، دایره المعارف آموزشی یونانی، 1989
Côme Megalommatis, Ouroboros (un serpent ou un dragon qui se mord la queue): Mythologie mondiale, Encyclopédie pédagogique grecque, 1989
1989 قزمان ميغالوماتيس، الأوربوروس (الثعبان أو التنين وهو يأكل ذيله.) : الأساطير العالمية، الموسوعة التربوية اليونانية،
Cosimo Megalommatis, Urobòro (chiamato anche uroburo o uroboros o ancora ouroboros / un serpente o un drago che si morde la coda, formando un cerchio senza inizio né fine): mitologia mondiale, Enciclopedia pedagogica greca, 1989
Cosimo Megalommatis, Uróboros (uróboro o ouroboro o uroboro / serpiente que se come la cola): mitología mundial, Enciclopedia pedagógica griega, 1989
Cosmas Megalommatis, Ouroboros (or Uroboros / a serpent or dragon eating its own tail): World Mythology, Greek Pedagogical Encyclopedia, 1989
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Turkey & 21st c. Geopolitics: the Advice I gave to the Turkish Establishment back in the mid-90s
1. Turkey& 21st c. Geopolitics: the Advice I
gave to the TurkishEstablishment back in
the mid-90s
By Prof. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis
The changes occurred in the period 1989 - 1991 have not until now been
accurately evaluated; neither have their consequences been assessed. In the
folly of those days, few perspicacious persons were able to see that, with the
collapse of the so-called 'Eastern bloc', the decomposition and demise of the
so-called 'Western bloc' was automatically heralded. The destruction of the
then international order's second pillar would then only be a matter of time,
i.e. few decades.
I. 1989-1991 and the Collapse of Post-WW II False Order
The American elite, political or academic, must have realized the ensued
dangers and that's why they tried to amuse and confuse the world with much
publicized, yet inane, pseudo-doctrines, like the Clash of Civilizations and the
End of History. These unreal, yet barbarian and evil, concepts were
elaborated only as preventive tactics for the US to avoid the unavoidable.
In fact, the astute observation that the fall of the 'Eastern bloc' would sooner
or later bring forth the eradication of the 'Western bloc' had little to do with
the common, yet nonsensical, assumption that the events of the period 1989 -
1991 would have a political - ideological or a financial - economic or even a
social - intellectual impact. These types of impact are indeed minor, if the
events are evaluated from a historian's viewpoint.
In reality, the formation of the post-WW II international order was an
abnormal, artificial construction, pretty much like the establishment of the
post-WW I world order. The difference is that in the period between the two
world wars there appeared to still exist, act and evolve - within the context of
human life - several human and spiritual forces and factors that were totally
concealed out of the artificial post-WW II world. Then, the collapse of one
major constituent of that fake world would automatically unleash at least part
of the concealed forces and factors whose dynamics in turn would easily
bring down the rest of the artificial fabrication.
So, all post 1989-1991 developments have in reality little to do with the proper
impact that the event itself has had (which was minor) and are mainly due to
the forceful comeback of earlier concealed forces.
2. It was therefore predestined - from the very elements of the dynamics created
by the results of the two world wars - that the winners of those early and
minor conflicts would inevitably be the losers of the end times' war.
And as early as 1992 and 1993, it became clear to few that North America and
Western Europe had lost the chance - if they ever had any - to advance fast
and effectively in the prevention of the forthcoming collapse of the 'Western
bloc'.
The above was very clear in my mind, when I moved to Turkey in September
1994 to work for universities, foundations and institutes, to participate in
several academic and political projects, to advise the military and political
establishment on several issues, to speak in public and in secluded circles, and
to contribute to the universal(ist) ideals and principles defended and
promoted by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
II. Kemal Ataturk and today's Turkish Establishment
Back in the 90s, there were many Turks, who would automatically ascribe
themselves to Kemal Atatürk's ideals and the principles. And I believe that by
now their number has decreased only by little.
There were indeed in 1990s' Turkey several leading academics, diplomats,
politicians and statesmen, generals and intellectuals, as well as military
intelligence officers, who were very well informed about the nature of the
aforementioned world developments, which then were still quite recent. I
therefore encountered and worked with brilliant people, like Prof. Erol
Manisalı (whom I first met in the late 80s) and film director Halit Refiğ; with
both of them I had frequent meetings, lengthy discussions, and fruitful
polarizations. They had already understood what the global developments
really meant and what the forthcoming circumstances would be like. The
ensuing dangers for Turkey were very clear to them.
The same concerns a pleiad of other distinguished personalities whom I
encountered on several occasions, namely Ambassador Umut Arık, Prof.
Reşat Genç of the venerated Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu,
Prof. Gönül Tankut, Prof. Hüseyin Hatemi, Prof. Kutlu Emre, Ambassador
İsmail Soysal, Prof. Metin Sözen, Şemsettin Bağırkan the true savant of
Ottoman Classical Music, Prof. Yusuf Halaçoğlu of the celebrated Türk Tarih
Kurumu, Prof. Yılmaz Altuğ, my one-time colleague Prof. Emel Doğramacı,
and many others involving former prime ministers Tansu Ciller and
Necmettin Erbakan.
As a matter of fact, the clumsy American efforts to avoid the unavoidable and
the then newly emitted pseudo-doctrines would only help bring the
dismemberment of the 'Western bloc' faster; by so doing, the US was de facto
3. self-positioned as enemy of Turkey, because the aforementioned pseudo-
doctrines - by their genuine distortion of the historical truth and due to their
disregard of the international order - targeted the country directly.
The inanity of people like Huntington and Fukuyama is tragicomical indeed!
By trying to 'remake the world order' (this is part of Huntington's title: The
Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order), they contributed to
the demolition of the 'Western bloc'. Their suicidal effort resembled very
much indeed the suicide bombers trained by the CIA and the Mosad in Saudi
Arabia, Afghanistan, Syria and elsewhere. To remake the world order, they
solemnly and explicitly decomposed the elements of the remaining 'Western
bloc'. To prevent the forthcoming destruction, they precipitated it.
Since 1994, it was clear to the aforementioned leading figures and to others in
Turkey that Turkey was threatened with exclusion from the 'Western bloc'
and with dismemberment pretty much like several other countries for which
the same ominous fate was prescribed.
However, for every action there is a reaction, and for every scheme there is a
way to outmaneuver it. In the mid 90s, I spoke extensively and I expanded in
written form (not always public) about what it would take for Turkey to
oppose the plans providing for its destruction. When I left Turkey in 1997, I
knew that, by staying inactive, Ankara was playing indeed into the US game.
In fact, what occurs now between Turkey and the US could have already
happened before 20 years.
It was just a matter of time, appeasement policies, and procrastination as
regards the need for a proper geopolitical concept as regards 21st c. Turkey.
This attitude would drive to nowhere and Turkey has been a great loser over
the past two decades, which is what then inimical, mainstream mass media
hide (as this situation suits the interests that they serve), by making either
misplaced eulogies or conflated descriptions (of the type 'Erdogan is
unpredictable and dangerous' & 'Erdogan is a new sultan'!).
Why did the Turkish establishment fail to drastically react against US plans
over the past 20 years?
III. Factors that prevented the Turkish Establishment
from timely Disentangling from the 'Western bloc'
A. Failure to accurately and integrally assess KemalAtatürk's
Vision of State
The Founder of Turkey, as a genuine pragmatist, did not found an ideology-
based state. There is no such thing as ideology, political ideology or political
4. philosophy; those endeavors are all forms of anti-historical forgery composed
and diffused in order to unnecessarily and viciously trigger calamitous
developments. They are worthless propaganda, and every propaganda is
worthless, pathetic and evil. World History does not encompass ideologies,
political ideologies or political philosophies becauseall those systems are
mere propaganda tools deprived of historicity, morality and veracity, having
therefore no ingenuous contents; they all constitute forms of forgery and
fallacy that serve the enslavement of the nations and the destruction of
Human Life.
Actually, there are no ideologists, political ideologists or political scientists
and those who pretend or are said to be are either disoriented idiots or
degenerate paranoids or motivated agents. This is easy to understand as there
have never been ideologists, politicalideologists or political scientists in the
World History prior to Modern Times; but Modern Times are the period of
worldwide deception which was incepted in order to precisely trigger the
enslavement of the nations and the destruction of Human Life.
As Kemal Ataturk did not found an ideology-based state, what was later
attributed to him as 'kemalism' hinges on particular interests to deform and
alter his real practices. As a matter of fact, one of the six principles of Turkey,
Halkçılık (which is not accurately translated as 'Populism' in English / the
correct translation would be 'rule by the people and for the people') clearly
opposes all ideologies.
People ruling their society need no -ism, no ideology. In fact, every -ism,
every ideology is an intentional distortion of a self-ruled society, which occurs
by introducing unnecessary and evil elites. Prior to the Modern Times, there
were never 'elites', and every opposite claim is genuinely criminal, utterly
fallacious, and historically false; it constitutes a premeditated
misinterpretation of History. To this historical reality Kemal Ataturk ascribed
himself.
I would rather translate Halkçılık as 'People's Sovereignty'; in this regard,
every ideology, philosophical system, theoretical structure (of ethnic / racial,
religious or political order) generated by an elite member (academic, scientist,
philosopher, intellectual, etc.) automatically threatens people's sovereignty
and is therefore to be rejected. People's sovereignty is incompatible with
theories and ideas emitted by segregated individuals.
As a matter of fact, the translation of the six principles of Turkey with English
words ending in - ism is sheer, if not deliberate, distortion and forceful
alteration of the historical reality. This is so, because nouns ending in -ism in
English are relevant of ideologies (conservatism, liberalism, etc).
5. Even worse, the entire phenomenon of Turkey's foundation by Kemal Atatürk
is fallaciously viewed by Western scholars in terms of a hypothetical, yet
nonexistent, ideology: Kemalism. Kemalism never existed, because Kemal
Atatürk was not a 'philosopher', did not compose an 'ideology', and never
accepted 'politics'.
Look now at this erroneous Wikipedia entry: "There are six fundamental
pillars (ilke) of the ideology" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalism)!
Where are these principles (not 'pillars'; ilke means 'principle') first stated?
In the 1924 Constitutional Law Article 2, Clause 1 (Türkiye Devleti,
Cümhuriyetçi, milliyetçi, halkçı, devletçi, lâik ve inkılâpçıdır). But the
Constitutional Law describes the basics of a state, not an ideology, as the
wholly mistaken entry of Wikipedia states.
https://web.archive.org/web/20110826235341/http://www.anayasa.gov.tr
/index.php?l=template&id=20&lang=0
It is therefore essential to understand that ideologies, political philosophies,
and related systems derive from politics, but Kemal Atatürk did not use a
word about 'politics', was not a 'politician', and - as I already said - never
accepted or carried out politics. This is evident in the basic texts of the state
that he founded and in his 19-year long practice of rule.
Many confuse Atatürk's modernization of the social structures with a certain,
nebulous, Westernization, but the fact that until Atatürk's death Turkey had
only one party speaks for itself. The Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi in the beginning
was not a 'political' party; it was the organization of all Turks who were
interested in participating in the effort of reconstruction of their land. This
organization was actually set up in the Sivas Congress (4-11/9/1919), which
was in fact the venue of a 'movement', namely the Türk Ulusal Hareketi
(Turkish National Movement); it was later renamed as Cumhuriyet Halk
Partisi.
The Western political concept of 'ideological, political parties' did not exist in
the nascent state's territories in 1919 and it was virulently prohibited in 1924.
Now, you can read for yourself and, after identifying Wikipedia's enormous
distortions, get the correct meaning:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivas_Congress
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_National_Movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party_(Turkey)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-
party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey
Politics is the focus of evil in modern societies, but politics lay far from Kemal
Atatürk. Modern definitions of politics are part of the problem, as they try to
6. shed confusion as regards the nature of politics. Example: " Politics (from
Greek: πολιτικά, translit. Politiká, meaning "affairs of the cities") is the process
of making decisions that apply to members of a group. It refers to achieving
and exercising positions of governance—organized control over a human
community, particularly a state. In modern nation-states, people have formed
political parties to represent their ideas. They agree to take the same position
on many issues and agree to support the same changes to law and the same
leaders". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics)
This is entirely false; even the translation from Ancient Greek is wrong. It is
not 'the affairs of the cities' but 'the affair of the city', and it means only a
small city that was not organized as kingdom, because otherwise the city
would be a 'kingdom' and would have no politics!
DEMOCRACY AND POLITICS STARTED IN MESOPOTAMIA
The 'affair of the city' did indeed appear as a form of non royal, social
organization and administration in 4th millennium BCE Mesopotamia; this
early democratic system of rule can be called 'politics' but it had no notion of
today's decayed and corrupt, inhuman politics. It lasted several hundreds of
years among the Sumerian cities-states of Southern Mesopotamia, before the
rise of priesthood and royalty put an end to it, by imposing the spiritual
concept of Celestial Order among humans. This Primitive Democracy is very
well documented by means of early Sumerian texts and archaeological
evidence that shows total absence of palaces, temples and major buildings.
One has to admit that the notion of 'state' was elementary in that period.
DEMOCRACY IN 2ND MILLENNIUM BCE ELAM - SOUTHERN
TRANSTIGRITANE
Later on, 'politics' and 'democracy' appear again in the 2nd millennium BCE
Mesopotamia and Transtigritane, long before the few ancient Greek cities-
states that were not ruled by kings were organized as either oligarchies,
tyrannies or democracies. When most of the world's civilized countries were
organized in universal empires and kingdoms that reflected the Celestial
Order (Assyria, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, the Hurrian kingdoms,
Canaanite Ugarit, Pharaonic Egypt, the Cushitic Kerma kingdom, etc.), Elam
(known as 'Anshan and Sushan' in Ancient Elamite, which was the local
language, 'Elam' being the Assyrian-Babylonian appellation of that land) was
ruled without kings for several hundreds of years. Ancient Elam was the
earliest form of ancient state that was ruled by local, elected executive officers,
known as the Sukkalmahhu ('mayors') and mainly documented in Assyrian -
Babylonian texts (http://evariste.lefeuvre.free.fr/culture/elcoa/elam.htm).
DEMOCRACY IN 1ST MILLENNIUM BCE MEDITERRANEAN: A
7. PHOENICIAN - CARTHAGINIAN INVENTION AND PRACTICE LONG
BEFORE IT WAS EXPORTED AMONG GREEKS AND ROMANS
In the Mediterranean world, politics and democracy emerged first among the
Phoenician colonies, Carthage, and the Carthaginian colonies of Western
Mediterranean and Northwestern Africa; this is so because the Phoenician
kings were located faraway to rule their colonies; a non royal form of self rule
was then instituted. However, the Phoenicians and the Carthaginians
impacted the Pelasgians, the Lycians, the Carians, the Ionians, the Aeolians,
the Achaeans, the Dorians, the Caphthor - Cretans, the Sicilians, the
Sardinians and other nations in Western Anatolia, South Balkans, the Italian
Peninsula, and the islands of the Mediterranean. In all those lands,
Phoenicians and Carthaginians diffused the basic notions of non royal rule
and administration.
Kemal Atatürk understood quite well that Western politics (as practiced until
his times) were a fraudulent fallacy, which by means of representatives
usurped people's sovereignty. That's why in numerous cases he stated that
Hakimiyet Kayıtsız Şartsız Milletindir (Sovereignty belongs unrestrictedly
and unconditionally to the people/nation). Thence, the importance of
halkçılık, people's sovereignty.
To put it in simple words, Atatürk made of the people the Emperor of an
Empire named Türkiye. This, quite unfortunately, was not evident to the so-
called Kemalist friends of mine in Turkey, all those who evoked his name but
thought and lived otherwise back in the 1990s.
B. The Real Meaning of the Six Principles of Kemal
Ataturk's State
How to render in English the six principles of Atatürk's state?
Cumhuriyetçilik - it has to do with the Arabic word jumhur, 'public' or
'majority' ( مذبحالجمهور / madhhab al-jumhur). This comes as opposition to
both, the hereditary rule (monarchy) and the religious - spiritual rule. It is
very wrong to call 'republicanism' this approach to state structure and to
social organization; in reality, the correct translation of the term
cumhuriyetçilik would be 'public, not hereditary rule, and separation between
public affairs and spirituality'. Turkey's cumhuriyetçilik has very little to do
with 18th - 20th c. Western republicanism.
Halkçılık - as already explained, this means 'people's sovereignty'.
Milliyetçilik - this principle has nothing to do with what is called
'nationalism' in Central and Western Europe and North America. In striking
8. opposition to West European ideologies of racism, race superiority,
chauvinism, and nationalism, in Turkey it was declared that Türkiye
ahalisine, din ve ırk farkı gözetilmeksizin vatandaşlık itibarıyla Türk denilir
(irrespective of religion and race differences, the population of Turkey is
called Turkish as regards the citizenship).
The use of the term Milliyet in Atatürk's Turkey and in the Ottoman Empire is
completely different. In structural terms, this word of Persian origin (milliyet)
was used by the founder of Turkey as the word Ummah was used in the very
early periods of the Islamic Caliphate. It involves a supra-national community
with a common history within the same state. And this was said explicitly:
'ortak mazi, tarih, ahlak ve hukuk Türk milletini bir araya getiren değerlerdir'
(common past, history, morality and law are the values that bring together the
Turkish nation). This has nothing to do with the evil notion of racial ethnic
identity; it alludes to cultural ethnic identity.
So, milliyetçilik means literally 'supra-national identity founded on land-
based communal unity, shared historicity and integrity of cultural heritage'.
This connotation does not exist anywhere outside Turkey, and this is not a
concept particularity but full evidence of human superiority over the forces of
darkness, division and evilness of today's inhuman elites.
Few people understood that it was quite normal for a great mystic like
Mustafa Kemal, who was neither a historian nor a philologist, to have this
approach. The constituent elements of the state that he had already
envisioned (as a successive form to the ailing Ottoman Empire) before 1919
had to encompass many ethnic groups. As a matter of fact, when Atatürk took
full control of Turkey's territory, it was still expected that more than a million
ethnic 'Greeks' (i.e. Romioi - Rumlar) would be Turkish citizens in the future.
It is the Greek side at the Lausanne Conference that came up with the
proposal for the exchange of populations that took place between Turkey and
Greece in 1923-1925.
Furthermore, this approach to a 'supra-national identity founded on land-
based communal unity, shared historicity and integrity of cultural heritage'
reflects perfectly well the Celestial Order of the Oriental Empires, which was
the cornerstone of Rudolf von Sebottendorf's universal vision of an Imperial
State enshrined in individual spirituality and human welfare as per the
Ancient Oriental Monarchical Model and the Assyrian Sargonid Originality.
Because the 20th century's leading German hierophant, and mentor of Kemal
Atatürk, Rudolf von Sebottendorf remains an unknown figure to most, truly
few understand the uniqueness and the truthfulness of Turkey as a conscious
supra-nation rightful heir of more than 20 Oriental and Occidental, northern
and southern civilizations' achievements and accomplishments. And this was
eminently reflected in Kemal Atatürk's practices, as he rejected Pan-Turkism
9. and Turanism as improper falsifications able only to distort the historical
reality and plunge Turkey into chaos.
Turkey was geared to be the total rejection of the fallacious and unhistorical,
racist concept of racial purity, chauvinism, race superiority, skin color
supremacy, colorism and all the associate, nonsensical and evil constructions.
One can therefore understand that Hitler's Germany was at the very
antipodes of Atatürk's Turkey's and this is due to the fact that the spiritual
exercises and other practices, the evocations, the divine conceptualization, the
revelations of the Sacred, the initiation rituals, the Spiritual Ontology, the
Cosmology, the Moral Order, the Royal Art, the Weltanschauung, the
historical contextualization, and the admonitions of imperial rule changed
totally in the Thule Gesellschaft after the organization was taken over by
Anglo-Saxon fake Masonry, Zionists and other Satanists.
Laiklik - this principle is falsely translated as either Secularism or Laicism.
Although Wikipedia statement "it differs from the passive Anglo-American
concept of secularism, but is similar to the concept of laïcité in France." is
correct to some extent, the basic definition is totally wrong: "Kemalist
ideology aims to banish religious interference in government affairs". There
was no Kemalist ideology; more importantly, the practice was not only to just
'banish religious interference in government affairs', but to dissociate the
social order from the Spirituality and the spiritual life of the people.
The concept does not affect only the government, the public administration or
the state, but the entire society; it stipulates that the social life of the people is
disconnected from their spiritual faith(s), religion(s) and cult(s). In fact, it
makes of the faith of everyone a private affair and in doing so, it reflects the
quintessence of all original faiths and religions, as per which 'religion' is the
'direct connection between the human and God', thus involving no
intermediaries.
The use of word 'laik' in Modern Turkish must not lead to confusion with
other notions and connotations; this word originates from Ancient Greek
'laos' which means people in opposition to 'hierateion' (the sacerdotal class).
Since Turkey is the realm whereby Halkçılık prevails, there cannot be social
classes and elites; and consequently, there cannot be priests, as they would
form a separate class of their own.
Kemal Ataturk had studied History under the guidance of Rudolf von
Sebottendorf, understood the realities of Muslim deviations throughout the
centuries, and drawn the correct conclusion. In Early Islam, there was no
priesthood at all; in fact, there must not be any priesthood in Islam; it is
prohibited. The rise of the priestly class of sheikhs is the result of Islam's
deviation and Christianization, an attempt undertaken by the vicious,
10. ignorant and barbaric pseudo-theologian Ahmed ibn Taimiyyah (13th-14th
c.). Kemal Ataturk, by imposing Laiklik, solved the problem that brought
down the Ottoman Empire.
It is clear that the writers, who composed the 1924 Constitutional Law,
invented new words and terms in Turkish that did not exist during the
Ottoman Empire. To do so, they had to be and they were actually resourceful.
In fact, Halkçılık and Laiklik are the same word; what 'halk' means in Turkish
is 'laos' in Greek (: people); what matters in this case is the new connotation
that the writers of the 1924 Constitutional Law attributed to each word, under
the guidance of Kemal Ataturk. And these new connotations fully reflect the
practices that we attest in Atarurk's times and not in later distortions or
foreign uses. That's why we cannot make any equation between 'laiklik' in
Ataturk's Turkey and 'laïcité' in France.
Devletçilik - this principle was monstrously misinterpreted by Kemal
Ataturk's renegades who were on the payroll of Western Freemasonic and
Zionist nomenklatura, intelligentsia and apparatchiks. For numerous decades,
these distorters of Kemal Ataturk's evident practices used the meaning of this
word (devletçilik) in order to portray the founder of Turkey as a defender of
state-run economy, as a supporter of socioeconomic ideas related to
Communism or Nazism, and as a pioneer of hydrocephalic bureaucracy. This
falsehood finds its way with the false translation of devletçilik as 'statism'.
The Turkish word state 'devlet' originates from the Farsi and Arabic words
'Dowlah', which also mean 'state'. But as principle by which the new state's
function had to abide, devletçilik does not mean state-run economy or statism
or prevalence of the state in every person's daily life and economic activity.
In fact, Kemal Ataturk's governmental practices during the period 1923-1938
clearly show the meaning of this word and the true connotation that the
writers of the 1924 Constitutional Law attributed to it; they truly nationalized
many companies. But they did so in order to restructure the companies and
then they offered them to the private initiative. Kemal Ataturk was obviously
against the idea of the state running the economy; but the state had to be there
not to intervene but to rectify troubles, solve problems, eliminate clutter, and
reinstate free market rules. As long as Kemal Ataturk was alive, there was no
state interventionism in Turkey in the sense this term is used nowadays.
Devletçilik means therefore that the state umpires every time a need arises for
this; this does not apply only to economy, but to justice, education and other
aspects of social life as well.
Devrimcilik (or at times İnkılapçılık) - this principle should not be translated
as 'reformism' in English, because this term is already heavily impacted
ideologically and is therefore unrelated to the connotation attributed to it
11. during Kemal Ataturk's times. Devrim means 'reform' or 'reformation' in
Turkish. İnkılap is a loan from Farsi and Arabic; it is often translated as
'revolution' but this is wrong. Revolution in Arabic is 'thawrah' (.)ثورة Enqelab
(انقالب) means 'coup', 'reverse' or 'upheaval'. In Farsi, the term was used for
'Islamic revolution' (اسالمی انقالب) but this is a politically motivated use.
In Ataturk's Turkey, both terms were used totally deprived of any related
connotation; they actually meant 'readiness for continuous updates in order to
keep the pace with changes'; in this sense, one can associate the term with
'reform' but not as an idea or an ideological indoctrination, but as a practical
necessity - whenever and wherever it appears.
Devrimcilik was then viewed as the total rejection of the Ottoman immobility,
motionlessness and inability to adapt to the surrounding world's changing
realities and traits. In fact, in 15 years (1923-1938), Ataturk covered 400 years
of Western changes and technological transformations, adapting the country
to the 20th c. realities. It was the most resolute rejection of the silly sheikhs'
and idiotic imams' attitude to keep the average people in permanently
stagnant ignorance and darkness, detached from the realities of the world.
But devrimcilik has nothing to do with an ideologized attitude and
thoughtless reform (: corruption / degradation) of ideals and principles.
However, the above realities had already gone long before I first traveled to
Turkey, let alone the time I moved to work there. The constitutions of 1961
and 1982 were written in total discordance with the basic principles of Kemal
Ataturk's Constitutions 1921 and (revised) 1924.
This in reality meant that back in the 1990s my Kemalist friends were trying to
maintain Kemal Ataturk's vision, principles, and heritage within a frame that
does not allow this vision to exist, these principles to be implemented, and
this heritage to be revered. The Turkish establishment after 1938 and notably
after 1946, under Western pressure, introduced what could not be introduced
in the state of Kemal Ataturk: multi-party elections.
This was not conform with the basic standards and principles of the
Constitution and of Kemal Ataturk's practices. Halkçılık ('people's
sovereignty') cannot coexist with the fallacy of multi-party elections. And the
change was not a necessary update and reform or the state, but a sheer
deviation to appease Western countries' diplomats and politicians. In fact,
multi-party elections, i.e. a masqueraded tyranny that institutes an evil elite
against the people / nation, existed in several Western countries when Kemal
Ataturk founded Turkey. If he considered that this element of the Western
states' structure and functions was necessary in nascent Turkey, he would
introduce it as well. But he did not.
12. This was what back in the 1990s my friends among Turkey's Kemalist
establishment failed to assess in Kemal Atatürk's vision of State.
C. Failure to accurately and integrally assess KemalAtatürk's
vision of Turkey
Speaking about milliyetçilik in the previous unit, I made it clear that Kemal
Ataturk, due to his spiritual master Rudolf von Sebottendorf, was at the very
antipodes of the racist dimension of Nazism that prevailed in Germany after
English Zionists and fake Freemasons usurped Thule Gesellschaft from its
founder and forced Rudolf von Sebottendorf to escape to Turkey.
Contrarily to what most people believe or can imagine, racist crypto-Nazis are
omnipresent today in the so-called Western European and North American
administrations. Their racism brings misfortune to all; this is so because they
diffuse fake versions of World History that are filled with racist
considerations and falsehood.
Bloodlines do not exist in History; it is a fallacy and a vicious propaganda that
causes wars, strives, bloodshed and destruction. Those who diffuse this
propaganda do it always on purpose. Kemal Ataturk knew this reality and
shaped Turkey on the sound and pertinent concept of 'supra-national identity
founded on land-based communal unity, shared historicity and integrity of
cultural heritage' (milliyetçilik).
This means that Kemal Ataturk viewed modern Turks as the true heirs of
many nations, cultures and civilizations, including Ancient Mesopotamia,
Caucasus, Anatolia, Balkans, and Central Asia. My good friend, the
distinguished professor and academician Erol Manisali, still remembers my
extensive analyses and even recently he referred to me (under my former
Christian name) in a brilliant article published only last July:
"Anadolu kültürü “Pers’ten eski Roma’ya, Mezopotamya’dan Asya’ya bir sentezdir:
Ben bir Sümer’im, Hitit’im, Doğu Roma’yım, Asya’yım ve Türk’üm”. Yunanlı
dostum, 20 dil bilen Prof. Cosmos Megalommatis, “Klasik Uygarlığa Yeni
Yaklaşımlar” başlığı altında 1980’li yıllardan beri yaptığı yayınlarda şunu söyler:
“Avrupa’nın Roma ve Atina’ya oturttuğu ‘klasik uygarlık’ yanlıştır: Avrupa
uygarlığı Mezopotamya’daki 20’den fazla uygarlığın bir sentezidir” tezini
savunur.(*)
Atatürk’ün “tango”su ve “zeybek”i bu tezin vurucu bir özetidir. “Ne Mutlu Türküm
Diyene” özdeyişi de aslında, Anadolu Türkiyesi’nin bir yansımasıdır. Çanakkale’de
başlayıp Dumlupınar’da biten ve Lozan’da sonuçlanan emperyalizme karşı savaşta
Anadolu insanının (ve kültürünün) binlerce yıldır biriken soluğu vardır".
13. The article's title is Atatürk’te zeybek, tango ve ‘yön’ (24 Temmuz 2018 - 24
July 2018) and the entire text is to be found here:
http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/koseyazisi/1035324/Ataturk_te_zeybek__ta
ngo_ve__yon_.html
However, the problem with the Turkish Establishment back in the 1990s was
that they did not know what it takes to lead a modern nation which is the true
heir of many nations, cultures and civilizations, including Ancient Anatolia,
Mesopotamia, Caucasus, Balkans, Russia and Central Asia. They had lost the
real sense of History, and they thus could make long and eloquent discourses
that did not correspond to the needs of Turkey's
- educational and academic system
- educational - academic - cultural relations with a great number of states
across Asia, Europe and Africa
- international position, and impact on the world
- basic targets of foreign policy
- obligation to outmaneuver other countries' strategies that were in conflict
with Turkey's identity, international position, and impact on the world.
The above is a very summarized catalogue of Turkey's academic inadequacies
and disorientation. What Turkish professors used to teach at those days as
History was a repetition of Western fallacies about the Orient, a dead corpus
of facts and info, a boring list of numerous data with no evident connection
with the present and the future. At those days, all Turks knew that they were
in part the descendents of the Hittites; but not one professor explained to his
students and general audience in what this affected them and what
possibilities it gave them for the future - let alone how it could impact
successfully Turkey's present geopolitical situation and future aspirations.
Still, Kemal Ataturk's vision of Turkey, as described in my analysis of the
term milliyetçilik, is the epitome of World History, and of the Human Genius,
as expressed throughout millennia on specific lands and parts of lands of
which the Earth is composed. And this is the advice that I then gave to the
Turkish Establishment.
III. The Advice that I gave to the Turkish Establishment
1. Not all the lands are equally important in terms of geographical
determinism. The 'holy' lands matter most, but the lands that are nowadays
publicized as 'holy' are not necessarily holy.
2. The present shape of the Earth is irrelevant and unimportant, because the
antediluvian Earth was very different from what Earth appears to be now;
this was part of the now reconstituted Ancient Mesopotamian and Anatolian
wisdom, science and knowledge.
14. 3. Mesopotamia and Anatolia constitute a geographical unity that represents
the center of the surface of the Earth and the world's most critical venues of
Human History. In other words, History took place here and not elsewhere.
Surrounding lands like Iran, Caucasus, Phoenicia, Palestine, Yemen and
Arabia are only appendices to the Center of the Earth.
4. In antediluvian and postdiluvian times, the greatest and most genuine
achievements of the Mankind in terms of Spirituality, Faith, Myth, Reflection,
Identity, Integrity, Wisdom, Contemplation, Invention, and Enterprise were
performed in this land.
5. This is the land whereby the most visionary among the humans
contemplated on and reflected critical conditions and determinant situations
antedating even the Creation of the Universe. This is a supreme, unique trait
of Human Intelligence and Spirituality. There is indeed a line of Spirituality
that links Enuma Elish, Adapa (Adam), Atrahasis, Sargon of Akkad, the
Descent of Ishtar in the Nether World, the Sargonids of Nineveh, Jonah, Jesus,
and Prophet Muhammad to the End Times' rise of the Assyrians, upheaval,
and termination of the postdiluvian fall. One can call it the Hand of God. And
this Divine Intervention and line of Spirituality was well known to the
founder of Modern Turkey - not without implications.
6. Modern Turkey's interconnectedness with and inheritance of Sumer
through the Ancient Assyrians is reflected in the History of Cappadocia and
Northern Mesopotamia that are parts of Turkey's territory.
7. The geographical unity of Mesopotamia and Anatolia empowered faiths
and contemplations, religions and Weltanschauungen, explorers and
entrepreneurs to radiate across Asia and Africa through the gradual
formation of the land-, desert- and sea-routes of trade between the Earth's
most distant parts. The interchangeability of Silk-, Spice- and Perfume
(Incense)- Roads became, thanks to Aramaeans, Turanians, and Yemenites,
the way Iranian Mithraism moved from Central Asia to Sudan, to Rome to
England, Manichaeism expanded from Atlantic to Pacific, and Buddhism,
Nestorianism and Islam spread to China.
8. Human History is History of Land; there is no such thing as History of Sea.
The Primordial Ocean of Soft Water as surrounding the Land of Paradise is
the epitome of every Eschatology from the Anatolian Ullikummi to John's
Revelation; the salt water seas will cease to exist and therefore any
consideration of them is immaterial for our times. Maritime powers live the
last moments of their otherwise worthless existence and barbaric activities.
9. In the aftermath of four millennia of human interaction, exploration,
inventiveness, adaptability, cultural exchange, and economic enterprise across
the geographical lines that link Anatolia - Mesopotamia
15. a) through Central Asia with China
b) through Iran with India and Indonesia
c) through the Balkans with the Western Asiatic peninsula of Europe,
today's Turkey is the indispensable central ring in the process of re-
establishing the Oriental Celestial Order, Human Unity, and Spiritual
Universality. This has nothing to do with the much publicized but trivial
globalization. What truly matters is what comes after the short-lived
globalization ends.
10. Kemal Ataturk's emblematic sentence 'Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh' (Peace at
Home, Peace in the World) not only reflects the identical interests Turkey has
with China and Germany, but also imposes explicit, resolute and precipitated
disconnection from and opposition to US, UK, France and NATO.
11. Promoting full interoperability between Ankara and Beijing will help
Turkey trigger developments in Iran, Russia and Central Asia in full
concordance with the interests of China, and of the New Germany that will
rise after the disintegration of the European Union and the implosion of the
US and UK. Post-Qajar Iran was never the empire that it had been; either
monarchical or 'theocratic', it is now about to get decomposed and this
development will be essential for Turkey to exploit if not trigger. Similarly,
new dynamics that are about to be shaped in the lands controlled by the
unraveling Kremlin tyranny have to be taken into consideration in Ankara
and duly supported. The sun rises in the same way above Turkey and
Yakutia.
12. Exporting Kemal Ataturk's model to China's Eastern Turkistan (Sinkiang)
will be another result of Ankara's engagement with The Belt and Road
Initiative (One Belt One Road - OBOR) and the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO). It is essential for Turks to let the Chinese understand, as
Kemal Ataturk realized before 100 years, that modern political Islamic
movements do not represent the Islamic Heritage, the Islamic History, and
the Muslims in their quasi-totality; they are an alien fabrication of the now
collapsing, Zionist and Apostate Freemasonic Western elites. Islam was part
of China's past and it will be part of China's future, if Beijing intends to carry
out its engagement and to rise as the world's sole superpower. Re-education
of the Chinese Muslims in full promotion of Kemal Ataturk's standards,
principles and practices and in full rejection of Political Islam and Wahhabism
is the designated method.