The document appears to be a set of notes taken by Dr. N. Subhash Chandra spanning 24 pages. No other contextual information is provided about the content or topic of the notes.
The document discusses algorithms for computing convex hulls, including Graham's scan and quickhull algorithms. Graham's scan finds the convex hull of a set of points by maintaining a stack of candidate points and removing points that are not vertices of the convex hull. It runs in O(n log n) time. Quickhull is a divide and conquer algorithm that recursively partitions points and computes farthest points to partition the space until the convex hull is completed. Both algorithms are efficient ways to compute convex hulls in two dimensions.
The document discusses topological sorting of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). It defines topological sorting as an ordering of the vertices of a DAG such that for every edge from vertex u to vertex v, u comes before v in the ordering. It presents two algorithms for topological sorting - one based on depth-first search (DFS) and one based on source removal. The DFS-based algorithm runs in O(V+E) time and correctly produces a topological ordering by listing vertices in decreasing order of their finishing times from DFS.
This document discusses algorithms for finding the maximum and minimum elements in an array, including the straightforward method that requires 2n-2 comparisons and the divide-and-conquer method that requires fewer comparisons. It also covers graph traversal algorithms like breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS), and discusses applications like finding articulation points in a graph. Examples of applying BFS, DFS, and the algorithm for finding articulation points using DFS are provided.
The document discusses algorithms for computing convex hulls, including Graham's scan and quickhull algorithms. Graham's scan finds the convex hull of a set of points by maintaining a stack of candidate points and removing points that are not vertices of the convex hull. It runs in O(n log n) time. Quickhull is a divide and conquer algorithm that recursively partitions points and computes farthest points to partition the space until the convex hull is completed. Both algorithms are efficient ways to compute convex hulls in two dimensions.
The document discusses topological sorting of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). It defines topological sorting as an ordering of the vertices of a DAG such that for every edge from vertex u to vertex v, u comes before v in the ordering. It presents two algorithms for topological sorting - one based on depth-first search (DFS) and one based on source removal. The DFS-based algorithm runs in O(V+E) time and correctly produces a topological ordering by listing vertices in decreasing order of their finishing times from DFS.
This document discusses algorithms for finding the maximum and minimum elements in an array, including the straightforward method that requires 2n-2 comparisons and the divide-and-conquer method that requires fewer comparisons. It also covers graph traversal algorithms like breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS), and discusses applications like finding articulation points in a graph. Examples of applying BFS, DFS, and the algorithm for finding articulation points using DFS are provided.
The document discusses divide and conquer algorithms and provides examples of binary search and quicksort. It explains that divide and conquer works by dividing problems into smaller subproblems, solving the subproblems recursively, and then combining the solutions. Binary search uses divide and conquer to search a sorted list by repeatedly dividing the search space in half. Quicksort uses divide and conquer to partition an array around a pivot element, sorting smaller subarrays recursively until the entire array is sorted. The time complexity of quicksort is O(n log n) on average and in the best case but can be O(n^2) in the worst case.
The document discusses the divide-and-conquer algorithmic paradigm. It provides examples of binary search and quicksort, which both use the divide-and-conquer approach. It explains the three steps of divide-and-conquer as dividing the problem into subproblems, conquering the subproblems by solving them recursively, and combining the solutions to solve the original problem. Details are given on implementing binary search and quicksort, including pseudocode and analysis of their time complexities in best, worst and average cases.
The document provides an overview of recursive and iterative algorithms. It discusses key differences between recursive and iterative algorithms such as definition, application, termination, usage, code size, and time complexity. Examples of recursive algorithms like recursive sum, factorial, binary search, tower of Hanoi, and permutation generator are presented along with pseudocode. Analysis of recursive algorithms like recursive sum, factorial, binary search, Fibonacci number, and tower of Hanoi is demonstrated to determine their time complexities. The document also discusses iterative algorithms, proving an algorithm's correctness, the brute force approach, and store and reuse methods.
The document discusses recurrence relations and algorithms for solving recurrence relations. It begins by defining what a recurrence relation is and provides some examples of natural functions that can be expressed as recurrences. It then discusses different methods for solving recurrence relations, including iteration methods like backward substitution, substitution methods, and recursion tree methods. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply these different solving methods to common recurrence relations.
The document discusses asymptotic notations used to analyze algorithms. It defines best case, average case, and worst case time complexities, and commonly used notations like Big-O, Big-Omega, and Big-Theta. Examples of common time complexities are given like constant, logarithmic, linear, quadratic, and exponential. Examples are provided for analyzing the time complexity of nested loops, matrix multiplication, and bubble sort algorithms. General rules for algorithm analysis are outlined regarding ignoring lower order terms and constants, summing segment times, and selecting the worst case complexity.
The document appears to be a set of notes taken by Dr. N. Subhash Chandra spanning 24 pages. No other contextual information is provided about the content or topic of the notes.
The document repeatedly mentions Dr. N. Subhash Chandra and his notes on an unspecified topic. No other details or context is provided about the subject of Dr. Chandra's notes.
The document provides an introduction to algorithms through a lecture on fundamentals of algorithm analysis. It defines an algorithm as a finite sequence of unambiguous instructions to solve a problem. Characteristics of algorithms like inputs, outputs, definiteness and finiteness are discussed. The document also describes various algorithm design techniques like brute force, divide and conquer and greedy algorithms. It explains steps to write algorithms using pseudo code and discusses validating, analyzing, testing programs and specifying algorithms through pseudo code and flowcharts.
The document discusses disjoint sets and operations on disjoint sets such as union and find. Disjoint sets are sets that do not have any common elements. The union of two disjoint sets combines all the elements of both sets. The find operation takes an element as input and returns the set that contains that element. Disjoint sets can be represented using a tree structure. Algorithms for union and find operations are presented, including weighted union and collapsing find techniques that improve the efficiency.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
The document discusses divide and conquer algorithms and provides examples of binary search and quicksort. It explains that divide and conquer works by dividing problems into smaller subproblems, solving the subproblems recursively, and then combining the solutions. Binary search uses divide and conquer to search a sorted list by repeatedly dividing the search space in half. Quicksort uses divide and conquer to partition an array around a pivot element, sorting smaller subarrays recursively until the entire array is sorted. The time complexity of quicksort is O(n log n) on average and in the best case but can be O(n^2) in the worst case.
The document discusses the divide-and-conquer algorithmic paradigm. It provides examples of binary search and quicksort, which both use the divide-and-conquer approach. It explains the three steps of divide-and-conquer as dividing the problem into subproblems, conquering the subproblems by solving them recursively, and combining the solutions to solve the original problem. Details are given on implementing binary search and quicksort, including pseudocode and analysis of their time complexities in best, worst and average cases.
The document provides an overview of recursive and iterative algorithms. It discusses key differences between recursive and iterative algorithms such as definition, application, termination, usage, code size, and time complexity. Examples of recursive algorithms like recursive sum, factorial, binary search, tower of Hanoi, and permutation generator are presented along with pseudocode. Analysis of recursive algorithms like recursive sum, factorial, binary search, Fibonacci number, and tower of Hanoi is demonstrated to determine their time complexities. The document also discusses iterative algorithms, proving an algorithm's correctness, the brute force approach, and store and reuse methods.
The document discusses recurrence relations and algorithms for solving recurrence relations. It begins by defining what a recurrence relation is and provides some examples of natural functions that can be expressed as recurrences. It then discusses different methods for solving recurrence relations, including iteration methods like backward substitution, substitution methods, and recursion tree methods. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply these different solving methods to common recurrence relations.
The document discusses asymptotic notations used to analyze algorithms. It defines best case, average case, and worst case time complexities, and commonly used notations like Big-O, Big-Omega, and Big-Theta. Examples of common time complexities are given like constant, logarithmic, linear, quadratic, and exponential. Examples are provided for analyzing the time complexity of nested loops, matrix multiplication, and bubble sort algorithms. General rules for algorithm analysis are outlined regarding ignoring lower order terms and constants, summing segment times, and selecting the worst case complexity.
The document appears to be a set of notes taken by Dr. N. Subhash Chandra spanning 24 pages. No other contextual information is provided about the content or topic of the notes.
The document repeatedly mentions Dr. N. Subhash Chandra and his notes on an unspecified topic. No other details or context is provided about the subject of Dr. Chandra's notes.
The document provides an introduction to algorithms through a lecture on fundamentals of algorithm analysis. It defines an algorithm as a finite sequence of unambiguous instructions to solve a problem. Characteristics of algorithms like inputs, outputs, definiteness and finiteness are discussed. The document also describes various algorithm design techniques like brute force, divide and conquer and greedy algorithms. It explains steps to write algorithms using pseudo code and discusses validating, analyzing, testing programs and specifying algorithms through pseudo code and flowcharts.
The document discusses disjoint sets and operations on disjoint sets such as union and find. Disjoint sets are sets that do not have any common elements. The union of two disjoint sets combines all the elements of both sets. The find operation takes an element as input and returns the set that contains that element. Disjoint sets can be represented using a tree structure. Algorithms for union and find operations are presented, including weighted union and collapsing find techniques that improve the efficiency.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.