The deadliest combo of the anger of earth and water.
THIS PPT IS ALL ABOUT TSUNAMI ...................
THIS IS CRUCIAL TOPIC FOR WORLD , ESPECIALLY FOR COASTAL AREAS AND ISLAND.
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean, that is usually triggered by large earthquakes on the seafloor where slabs of rock move past each other suddenly. Tsunamis can be categorized as local if the underwater earthquake event occurs within 100 km of the resulting land damage.
This document provides information about tsunamis through several examples of destructive tsunamis throughout history. It discusses what causes tsunamis, how they propagate and grow in shallow water, and their devastating effects on coastlines. Specific tsunamis summarized include the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami that killed 29 in Newfoundland, the 1946 Aleutian tsunami that caused over $165 million in damage and deaths in Hawaii, and the 1996 Peru tsunami that struck cities along 590 km of coastline.
A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, often from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or other disturbances below or above water. Tsunami waves have a very long wavelength and can cause enormous destruction in coastal areas, with wave heights over tens of metres. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters, killing over 290,000 people across 14 countries.
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of water, usually in an ocean or large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and underwater explosions can generate tsunamis by abruptly deforming and vertically displacing the sea floor. When large areas of the seafloor are elevated or subside, water above is displaced and waves are formed as it attempts to regain equilibrium. On average, two tsunamis cause damage per year near their source, and approximately every 15 years a Pacific-wide destructive tsunami occurs, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that was the first of its kind in history.
This document discusses tsunamis, including their causes, characteristics, and safety precautions. Tsunamis are caused primarily by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteor impacts under water. They can travel at high speeds and have successive waves that increase in height. Regions at greatest risk include areas along the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire." To stay safe during a tsunami, people should move to higher ground, listen to emergency information, and never go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
this is one of my projects that I had made for my class X holiday homework, I hope this can help you gain some information about tsunamis and if you also want to make a project like this, I hope I have helped you. - mansvini
This project report summarizes information about tsunamis. It defines a tsunami as a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean. Tsunamis are most commonly caused by earthquakes, but can also be triggered by volcanic eruptions, landslides, meteorite impacts, and nuclear explosions. The report describes different types of tsunamis based on their distance from the triggering event, and discusses tsunami warning systems, characteristics of tsunamis, historical tsunamis, and ways to prevent damage from tsunamis.
A tsunami is a large wave caused by underwater disturbances like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. The massive waves can travel across the ocean at over 500 mph. Though small in deep water, tsunamis can grow dramatically to heights over 30 meters as they reach shallow coastal waters. This is because the entire water column is in motion, not just surface waves. When a tsunami approaches land, the water may recede dramatically from the shore before the wave hits. Powerful currents then inundate the land with devastating force.
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean, that is usually triggered by large earthquakes on the seafloor where slabs of rock move past each other suddenly. Tsunamis can be categorized as local if the underwater earthquake event occurs within 100 km of the resulting land damage.
This document provides information about tsunamis through several examples of destructive tsunamis throughout history. It discusses what causes tsunamis, how they propagate and grow in shallow water, and their devastating effects on coastlines. Specific tsunamis summarized include the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami that killed 29 in Newfoundland, the 1946 Aleutian tsunami that caused over $165 million in damage and deaths in Hawaii, and the 1996 Peru tsunami that struck cities along 590 km of coastline.
A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, often from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or other disturbances below or above water. Tsunami waves have a very long wavelength and can cause enormous destruction in coastal areas, with wave heights over tens of metres. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters, killing over 290,000 people across 14 countries.
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of water, usually in an ocean or large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and underwater explosions can generate tsunamis by abruptly deforming and vertically displacing the sea floor. When large areas of the seafloor are elevated or subside, water above is displaced and waves are formed as it attempts to regain equilibrium. On average, two tsunamis cause damage per year near their source, and approximately every 15 years a Pacific-wide destructive tsunami occurs, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that was the first of its kind in history.
This document discusses tsunamis, including their causes, characteristics, and safety precautions. Tsunamis are caused primarily by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteor impacts under water. They can travel at high speeds and have successive waves that increase in height. Regions at greatest risk include areas along the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire." To stay safe during a tsunami, people should move to higher ground, listen to emergency information, and never go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
this is one of my projects that I had made for my class X holiday homework, I hope this can help you gain some information about tsunamis and if you also want to make a project like this, I hope I have helped you. - mansvini
This project report summarizes information about tsunamis. It defines a tsunami as a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean. Tsunamis are most commonly caused by earthquakes, but can also be triggered by volcanic eruptions, landslides, meteorite impacts, and nuclear explosions. The report describes different types of tsunamis based on their distance from the triggering event, and discusses tsunami warning systems, characteristics of tsunamis, historical tsunamis, and ways to prevent damage from tsunamis.
A tsunami is a large wave caused by underwater disturbances like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. The massive waves can travel across the ocean at over 500 mph. Though small in deep water, tsunamis can grow dramatically to heights over 30 meters as they reach shallow coastal waters. This is because the entire water column is in motion, not just surface waves. When a tsunami approaches land, the water may recede dramatically from the shore before the wave hits. Powerful currents then inundate the land with devastating force.
A tsunami is a series of massive sea waves caused by underwater earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis can travel across entire oceans at speeds up to 800 km/h but remain unnoticed at sea due to their small height. However, when they reach shallow coastal waters, the top of the wave moves faster than the bottom, causing the sea to rise dramatically to heights over 30 meters. The most devastating tsunami on record was on December 26, 2004 when a massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia triggered a tsunami that caused widespread destruction across the Indian Ocean region.
The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes, characteristics, and historical examples. It provides details on underwater earthquakes triggering tsunamis and describes tsunamis as consisting of multiple waves rather than a single wave. Examples of destructive tsunamis throughout history are given for various regions.
Tsunamis are series of waves generated by rapid displacement of water, often caused by earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions. They are different from tidal waves in that they are not caused by gravitational effects of celestial bodies. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths and periods. Signs of an approaching tsunami include a sudden receeding of water exposing areas usually submerged, as the trough of the wave approaches land. The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a 9.3 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, displacing massive volumes of water and causing over 230,000 deaths across several countries.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
1. A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, triggering a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
2. The tsunami waves reached heights of over 30 meters in some areas of Indonesia and over 10 meters in many other places. Over 230,000 people were killed or went missing across 14 countries.
3. Countries around the Indian Ocean have worked to establish tsunami early warning systems and increase public education to help save lives from future events, but the 2004 tsunami highlighted the massive destruction such an event can cause.
Is Tsunami The Worst Natural Disaster Out There By Sherylnacy21
A tsunami is one of the worst natural disasters because it can kill tens of thousands of people within seconds. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed over 275,000 people, far more than hurricanes typically kill in a given year. Tsunamis are uniquely dangerous because they can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or movements in the ocean floor, and while scientists can sometimes predict tsunamis after earthquakes, there is often no warning. The widespread destruction and loss of life from tsunamis makes them one of the most devastating types of natural disasters.
Here I have prepared a power point presentation about Tsunami.
I have collected information and pictures from different sites.
Anyone who wants to use it, please feel free to download and use it.
In this I have also covered other types of Natural disasters like Hurricane, Volcano, Storm etc..
1) A tsunami is a series of waves created when large amounts of water are displaced, usually by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
2) The 2004 Sumatran tsunami was caused by a magnitude 9.3 earthquake and killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, making it the deadliest natural disaster on record.
3) Early warning systems were not in place in the Indian Ocean in 2004, but a 10-year old girl who had studied tsunamis recognized the signs and helped evacuate a beach, saving lives.
A massive 8.8 magnitude earthquake struck Chile, causing at least 214 deaths and widespread damage to roads, bridges and coastal areas as tsunami waves reached Hawaii, Tahiti and New Zealand. International rescue groups provided aid to damaged regions of Chile in the aftermath of the disaster.
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, usually in an ocean. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, explosions, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water can generate a tsunami. Unlike wind-driven waves, a tsunami is caused by the displacement of water. Most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes occurring in subduction zones along plate boundaries. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths, over 100 km, and travel at high speeds of 400 to 500 mph. Their long wavelengths allow tsunamis to travel great distances with little loss of energy, making them still destructive even after traveling thousands of miles.
A tsunami is a series of huge waves caused most often by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. When the sea floor suddenly shifts during an earthquake or eruption, it displaces a large amount of water and causes long waves. As the waves approach land, their height increases which can cause extensive damage to coastal areas and communities. Tsunamis commonly occur in locations bordering the Pacific Ocean such as Hawaii, California, Washington, and Oregon as well as around the Mediterranean Sea.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused a devastating tsunami that killed over 150,000 people across 11 countries. The earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004 and had been building forces underground for hundreds of years. When the earthquake struck, it unleashed giant killer waves that spread across the Indian Ocean at jet speeds, crashing into coastal areas and causing widespread destruction and loss of life in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and other countries.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000–280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 metres (100 ft) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest-hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
THIS PPT SHOWS HOW THE EARTHQUAKE WAS CAUSED AND DAMAGE DUE TO IT.
Cyclones are the most destructive storms in the world. Typhoon Tip, which occurred in the Pacific in 1979, remains the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded. Cyclones form from clusters of strong thunderstorms and have an eye surrounded by an eyewall that is the calmest area with low pressure and no rain. They are most common in ocean regions like the Pacific, where around 15 occur each year, and can cause major economic damage, like Hurricane Katrina which cost nearly $1 billion.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters including hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. It explains that hurricanes, tropical cyclones, and typhoons are different names for the same cyclonic storm system formed over oceans by evaporated water. Floods occur when a body of water exceeds its capacity and overflow. Tornadoes are rotating columns of air that can reach speeds over 300 mph. Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust creating seismic waves. Tsunamis are a series of waves created by the rapid displacement of a large body of water.
The document discusses tsunamis, including what they are, some destructive past tsunamis such as the 2004 Indonesia tsunami and 1960 Valdivia, Chile tsunami, what causes them (earthquakes, landslides, tectonic plate crashes), their effects (death, destruction, poverty), precautions both before and during a tsunami, and diagrams of tsunami formation and propagation. Tsunamis are series of waves caused by displacement of water, usually from earthquakes near or under the sea, and can have devastating impacts on coastal areas.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was a 9.1-9.3 magnitude earthquake that triggered a series of devastating tsunamis. It killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand impacted most severely. Waves as high as 30 meters inundated coastal communities. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history and caused global seismic effects.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including how they are formed by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides under water. It discusses how tsunamis can affect people mentally, emotionally, and financially by destroying homes and infrastructure. The document outlines tsunami awareness steps before, during, and after a tsunami occurs, such as evacuating to higher ground if warned and helping others after the tsunami passes.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, how they behave in deep ocean versus shallow coastal waters, examples of destructive past tsunamis, and tips for preparing for tsunamis. It discusses how tsunamis are formed by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other events. It also explains that while tsunamis have long wavelengths and travel fast in deep ocean, they slow down and grow taller as they reach shallow coastal waters, potentially reaching over 100 feet high. Examples of destructive tsunamis discussed include those in Hawaii in 1975 and 1960, Alaska in 1964, Chile in 1960, and Peru in 1996.
A tsunami is a series of massive sea waves caused by underwater earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis can travel across entire oceans at speeds up to 800 km/h but remain unnoticed at sea due to their small height. However, when they reach shallow coastal waters, the top of the wave moves faster than the bottom, causing the sea to rise dramatically to heights over 30 meters. The most devastating tsunami on record was on December 26, 2004 when a massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia triggered a tsunami that caused widespread destruction across the Indian Ocean region.
The document discusses tsunamis, including their causes, characteristics, and historical examples. It provides details on underwater earthquakes triggering tsunamis and describes tsunamis as consisting of multiple waves rather than a single wave. Examples of destructive tsunamis throughout history are given for various regions.
Tsunamis are series of waves generated by rapid displacement of water, often caused by earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions. They are different from tidal waves in that they are not caused by gravitational effects of celestial bodies. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths and periods. Signs of an approaching tsunami include a sudden receeding of water exposing areas usually submerged, as the trough of the wave approaches land. The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a 9.3 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, displacing massive volumes of water and causing over 230,000 deaths across several countries.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
1. A massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, triggering a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean.
2. The tsunami waves reached heights of over 30 meters in some areas of Indonesia and over 10 meters in many other places. Over 230,000 people were killed or went missing across 14 countries.
3. Countries around the Indian Ocean have worked to establish tsunami early warning systems and increase public education to help save lives from future events, but the 2004 tsunami highlighted the massive destruction such an event can cause.
Is Tsunami The Worst Natural Disaster Out There By Sherylnacy21
A tsunami is one of the worst natural disasters because it can kill tens of thousands of people within seconds. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed over 275,000 people, far more than hurricanes typically kill in a given year. Tsunamis are uniquely dangerous because they can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides or movements in the ocean floor, and while scientists can sometimes predict tsunamis after earthquakes, there is often no warning. The widespread destruction and loss of life from tsunamis makes them one of the most devastating types of natural disasters.
Here I have prepared a power point presentation about Tsunami.
I have collected information and pictures from different sites.
Anyone who wants to use it, please feel free to download and use it.
In this I have also covered other types of Natural disasters like Hurricane, Volcano, Storm etc..
1) A tsunami is a series of waves created when large amounts of water are displaced, usually by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
2) The 2004 Sumatran tsunami was caused by a magnitude 9.3 earthquake and killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, making it the deadliest natural disaster on record.
3) Early warning systems were not in place in the Indian Ocean in 2004, but a 10-year old girl who had studied tsunamis recognized the signs and helped evacuate a beach, saving lives.
A massive 8.8 magnitude earthquake struck Chile, causing at least 214 deaths and widespread damage to roads, bridges and coastal areas as tsunami waves reached Hawaii, Tahiti and New Zealand. International rescue groups provided aid to damaged regions of Chile in the aftermath of the disaster.
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, usually in an ocean. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, explosions, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water can generate a tsunami. Unlike wind-driven waves, a tsunami is caused by the displacement of water. Most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes occurring in subduction zones along plate boundaries. Tsunamis have extremely long wavelengths, over 100 km, and travel at high speeds of 400 to 500 mph. Their long wavelengths allow tsunamis to travel great distances with little loss of energy, making them still destructive even after traveling thousands of miles.
A tsunami is a series of huge waves caused most often by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. When the sea floor suddenly shifts during an earthquake or eruption, it displaces a large amount of water and causes long waves. As the waves approach land, their height increases which can cause extensive damage to coastal areas and communities. Tsunamis commonly occur in locations bordering the Pacific Ocean such as Hawaii, California, Washington, and Oregon as well as around the Mediterranean Sea.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused a devastating tsunami that killed over 150,000 people across 11 countries. The earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004 and had been building forces underground for hundreds of years. When the earthquake struck, it unleashed giant killer waves that spread across the Indian Ocean at jet speeds, crashing into coastal areas and causing widespread destruction and loss of life in Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and other countries.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000–280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 metres (100 ft) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest-hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
THIS PPT SHOWS HOW THE EARTHQUAKE WAS CAUSED AND DAMAGE DUE TO IT.
Cyclones are the most destructive storms in the world. Typhoon Tip, which occurred in the Pacific in 1979, remains the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded. Cyclones form from clusters of strong thunderstorms and have an eye surrounded by an eyewall that is the calmest area with low pressure and no rain. They are most common in ocean regions like the Pacific, where around 15 occur each year, and can cause major economic damage, like Hurricane Katrina which cost nearly $1 billion.
This document discusses different types of natural disasters including hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. It explains that hurricanes, tropical cyclones, and typhoons are different names for the same cyclonic storm system formed over oceans by evaporated water. Floods occur when a body of water exceeds its capacity and overflow. Tornadoes are rotating columns of air that can reach speeds over 300 mph. Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust creating seismic waves. Tsunamis are a series of waves created by the rapid displacement of a large body of water.
The document discusses tsunamis, including what they are, some destructive past tsunamis such as the 2004 Indonesia tsunami and 1960 Valdivia, Chile tsunami, what causes them (earthquakes, landslides, tectonic plate crashes), their effects (death, destruction, poverty), precautions both before and during a tsunami, and diagrams of tsunami formation and propagation. Tsunamis are series of waves caused by displacement of water, usually from earthquakes near or under the sea, and can have devastating impacts on coastal areas.
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was a 9.1-9.3 magnitude earthquake that triggered a series of devastating tsunamis. It killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand impacted most severely. Waves as high as 30 meters inundated coastal communities. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history and caused global seismic effects.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including how they are formed by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides under water. It discusses how tsunamis can affect people mentally, emotionally, and financially by destroying homes and infrastructure. The document outlines tsunami awareness steps before, during, and after a tsunami occurs, such as evacuating to higher ground if warned and helping others after the tsunami passes.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, how they behave in deep ocean versus shallow coastal waters, examples of destructive past tsunamis, and tips for preparing for tsunamis. It discusses how tsunamis are formed by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other events. It also explains that while tsunamis have long wavelengths and travel fast in deep ocean, they slow down and grow taller as they reach shallow coastal waters, potentially reaching over 100 feet high. Examples of destructive tsunamis discussed include those in Hawaii in 1975 and 1960, Alaska in 1964, Chile in 1960, and Peru in 1996.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including what they are, how they are caused, common misconceptions, and details about some significant historical tsunamis. It also discusses recommendations for preparing for, responding to, and recovering from tsunamis based on guidance from organizations like the American Red Cross.
Types of natural disasters by Mr. .Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
The document provides an overview of different types of natural disasters including floods, earthquakes, droughts, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, wildfires, and 1945 Pakistan tsunami. For each disaster type, the document discusses what causes the disaster and provides one or two examples of particularly severe events in history with details on damage and casualties. The goal of the document is to educate about various natural disasters and some of the worst cases that have significantly impacted human lives and property.
RUNNING HEAD Rough Draft-Peer reviewPage 1PEER REVIEW.docxtoltonkendal
RUNNING HEAD: Rough Draft-Peer review Page 1
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ROUGH DRAFT
A few minutes of intense shaking, followed by a devastating tsunami, producing widespread destruction. FEMA's best-case scenario, 13,000 people will lose their lives, (Schultz, 2015). The question is not if it's going to happen, it's when. The countdown to catastrophe is on for the Pacific Northwest. We're talking about the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Throughout this paper, I will discuss the who, what, where, when, and how this overdue megaquake will strike.
The Cascadia subduction zone is a 620-mile-long crack in the earth's crust. It is in the pacific northwest where the North American tectonic plate meets the Juan de Fuca plate, (Tarbuck, Lutgens, Tasa, 2017). Tectonic plates are pieces of crust that move across the earth's surface over millions of years, (Oskin, 2015). The subduction zone is where two tectonic plates meet. One eventually bends underneath the other, which is what we see in the North Pacific. The Juan de Fuca plate is sliding under the weaker, North American plate. Eventually, the North American plate will buckle, result in a devastating earthquake, followed by massive Tsunami.
Subduction zones are found all along the edge of the Pacific in what is called, "The ring of fire." Off the coasts of Washington, Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Indonesia birthed the most devastating earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions in history, (Oskin, 2015). The bigger the subduction zone, the higher magnitude of the earthquake. A subduction zone earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 or greater will likely produce a tsunami. The Cascadia subduction zone is a big one. It runs 620 miles long and 62 miles wide. It has all the ingredients necessary to produce massive devastation.
So how do we know that the Pacific Northwest is in danger? Tsunamis are a direct result of an earthquake, volcanic eruption or a massive landslide. The once dubbed, "Orphan Tsunami," hit the eastern coast of Japan on January 27th, 1700, (Atwater et al., 2015). The year 1700 in the Pacific Northwest was considered prehistory, meaning there were no written records of events. Japan, on the other hand, have produced numerous ancient writings of stories that told of flooded fields, wrecked houses, fire, a shipwreck, and evacuations. The Japanese knew that tsunamis were a result of an earthquake, and because they didn't feel any shaking prior, they called the event a high tide. At the time, it wasn't known that tsunamis could occur from earthquakes that happened from faraway lands. Outsiders of Northwestern North America scarcely knew of its existence. At that time, leading European geographers left that part of the map blank. So, for this mystery, the Japanese didn't even know the Pacific Northwest existed, much less that it had produced the earthquake that generated the tsunami, (Atwater et al., 2015).
The Chilean earthquake that struck on May 22, 1960, generated a tsunami that surged a ...
A massive tsunami hit southern Asia in 2004 after an earthquake displaced tectonic plates and caused a vertical shift in the ocean floor. This uplifted a large volume of water that traveled at speeds up to 300 mph, slowing as it reached shore. The tsunami devastated countries that lacked warning systems, emergency shelters, hospitals, supplies, and shelters for survivors. It left thousands dead from infections, hunger, and depression and possibly missing persons. The tsunami also contaminated water supplies and increased health risks. Japan's 2011 tsunami showed that while prepared for earthquakes, more could have been done to prepare for tsunamis based on existing knowledge of such disasters.
The document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, warning signs, and safety precautions. It describes how tsunamis are caused by large displacements of water from earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. It lists evacuation plans and safety tips, such as knowing evacuation routes and staying away from coastal areas when there is a tsunami warning. The document also summarizes details about the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
A tsunami is a large sea wave caused by seismic activity under the sea, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. When tectonic plates shift suddenly, they displace water and create huge waves that can reach heights of over 1 km and speeds of 500 mph. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the worst on record, caused by a 9.2 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Sumatra. It killed over 225,000 people across 8 countries and caused billions of dollars in damage. After such disasters, relief efforts like providing shelter, food and medical aid are crucial for rehabilitation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
4. A killer Tsunami hit 11 South Eastern
Countries of Asia on the 26th of
December 2004 killing more than
1,50,000 precious lives. The count hasn’t
stopped… At the end of the day
statistics only remain. The emotional,
economical and ecological toll of the
disaster can’t be calculated. Many
villagers have lost an entire generation.
This was the biggest earthquake to hit
the world in 40 years and no one could
have thought that its effects would