Effect of Trypanosoma

1. EFFECT OF NEEM LEAF POWDER (Azardirachta indica) ON INSECT
PEST OF SPINACH (Amarantus caudatus) PROPAGATION AT CHAHA
FCAH&PT, VOM
PROJECT PROPOSAL
BY
ABDULAZEEZ AISHA HAMZA
HND/PMT/2022/0076
SUBMITTED TO:
DEPARTMENT OF PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL COLLEGE OFANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY, VOM
SUPERVISED BY:
SUPERVISOR: MR UMORU USMAN

2. INTRODUCTION
• Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been extensively
studied for its various medicinal and agricultural
properties (Suresh et al., 2014). One area of interest is
its potential impact on plant growth and performance
(Singh et al., 2017). Spinach (Amaranthus caudatus), a
widely cultivated leafy vegetable, serves as an ideal
candidate for assessing the effects of Neem leaf
powder extract s due to its economic importance and
nutritional value (Saeed et al., 2019).

3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• The problem identified in this study is the lack of
empirical research investigating the specific impact of
Neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica) on insect pest
and the growth performance of Spinach (Amaranthus
caudatus) in the agricultural setting of Chaha, Federal
College of Animal Health and Production Technology,
Vom. Therefore, understanding their interaction at a
local agricultural level is crucial for optimizing crop
management strategies and enhancing agricultural
productivity in the region (Ravindranath et al., 2018).

4. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim
The primary aim of the study is to investigate the Effect of Neem Leaf
Powder (Azardirachta indica) on Insect Pest of Spinach (Amarantus
caudatus) Propagation at Chaha FCAH&PT, VOM
Objectives
The objectives of the study are as follows:
1. To evaluate the effect of Neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica) on
insect pest of spinach.
2. To determine the impact of Neem leaf powder on the growth
performance of Spinach. On the attacks of insect pest.

5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
•The significance of this study lies in its
potential to contribute to sustainable
agricultural practices and enhance crop
productivity, particularly in the context of
Spinach (Amaranthus caudatus) cultivation at
the Federal College of Animal Health and
Production Technology, Vom.

6. RESEARCH DESIGN
•This study will employ a randomized controlled
trial (RCT) research design to assess the effect of
Neem leaf powder extract on the growth and
performance of Spinach (Amaranthus caudatus) at
Chaha, Federal College of Animal Health and
Technology, Vom. The RCT design will allow for
the rigorous evaluation of the causal relationship
between the application of Neem leaf powder
extract and changes in Spinach growth parameters
(Duflo et al., 2020).

7. STUDY AREA
The study will be conducted at Chaha, Federal College
of Animal Health and Technology, Vom, located in
Plateau State, Nigeria. Chaha will serve as the primary
site for agricultural research activities in this proposal.
The area's ecological characteristics and agricultural
practices make it suitable for investigating the efficacy
of Neem leaf powder extract in promoting Spinach
growth and performance.

8. SAMPLING PROCEDURE
The sampling frame will consist of Spinach plots at
Chaha, Federal College of Animal Health and
Technology, Vom. A stratified random sampling
technique will be employed to select representative
plots for inclusion in the study. The strata may
include different Spinach varieties, planting dates,
or management practices to ensure the diversity of
the sample.

9. TREATMENT APPLICATION
Neem leaf powder extract treatments will be applied
to selected Spinach plots according to a
predetermined experimental design outlined in this
proposal. The application rates, timing, and
frequency of Neem leaf powder extract treatments
will be standardized across the treatment groups to
ensure consistency and comparability of results.
Control plots receiving no Neem leaf powder
extract treatment will be included for comparison.

10. Dosage
T1 Control
T2 100g
T3 200g
T4 300g
T1 Control
T2 120g
T3 200g
T4 300g
T1 Control
T2 100g
T3 200g
T4 300g

11. Randomization – through Balloting
R1 R2 R3
T1 – Control T4 300g T2 100g
T2 100g T1 – Control T3 200g
T3 200g T3 200g T4 300g
T4 300g T2 100g T1 – Control

12. DATA COLLECTION
Data collection will involve monitoring Spinach
growth parameters such as germination
rate, plant height, leaf area, biomass, and
nutritional content over the experimental
period outlined in this proposal.
Measurements will be taken at regular
intervals to track the progress of the plants.

13. DATAANALYSIS
Collected data will be analyzed using appropriate
statistical methods, including analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and regression analysis, to determine the
significance of treatment effects on Spinach growth
and performance. Statistical software packages such
as SPSS or R will be utilized for data analysis, and
results will be interpreted to draw conclusions
regarding the impact of Neem leaf powder extract
on Spinach cultivation, as proposed in this study.

14. REFERENCES
• Adewale, B. D., Balogun, O. S., & Amusan, A. A. (2015). Effects of organic and
inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Amaranthus caudatus (Pawpaw
leaf) in Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability, 8(1), 59-71.
• Duke, S. O., Dayan, F. E., & Romagni, J. G. (2000). Natural products as sources
of herbicides: Current status and future trends. Weed Research, 40(1), 99-111.
• Isman, M. B. (2006). Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern
agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology,
51, 45-66.
• Koul, O., Wahab, S., & Singh, G. (2008). Neem: Today and in the New
Millennium. Dordrecht: Springer.
• Ojo, M. O. (2019). Challenges Facing Agricultural Extension Practice in
Nigeria: Implications for Food Security. Global Journal of Agricultural
Innovation, Research & Development, 6(2), 23-30.