The document provides an overview of the cryptographic algorithms used by Trustnote, highlighting the use of Blake2 as the hash function for its high hash rate and reliability, and Ed25519 as the signature algorithm due to its fast performance and high security. It details the structure and parameters of Blake2b and Blake2s, as well as the signing and verification steps for the Ed25519 algorithm. Additionally, it mentions Equihash for its ASIC resistance and fairness, providing performance metrics for various implementations.

1. Cryptographic Algorithms Overview

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TrustNote uses Blake2 as the hash function. The reasons are:
1. High hash rate
2. Reliability
Hash Function

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0
5
10
15
20
25
BLAKE2b BLAKE2s MD5 SHA-1 SHA-256 SHA-512 SHA3-256 SHA3-512
CyclesperbytespeedonIntelSandyBridge
Hash Function Name
mebibytes per second at 3.1 GHz
890
554 550 571
169
266 271
144
Blake2 comes in many flavours but
the main category is Blake2b and
Blake2s. The difference between b
and s mostly relies on their Digest
length, microcontroller/CPU
structure they are optimized to
support.
Max Digest Length:
Blake 2s = 256 bit
Blake 2b = 512 bit

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Parameter Blocks of Blake2b
Offset 0 1 2 3
0 Digest length Key length Fanout Depth
4 Leaf length
8
12
Node offset
16 Node depth Inner length RFU
20
24
28
RFU
32
…
44
Salt
48
…
60
Personalization
BLAKE2b parameter block structure (offsets in bytes)

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Parameter Blocks of Blake2s
Offset 0 1 2 3
0 Digest length Key length Fanout Depth
4 Leaf length
8 Node offset
12 Node offset (cont.) Node depth Inner length
16
20
Salt
24
28
Personalization
BLAKE2s parameter block structure (offsets in bytes)

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C/C++ Addon Implementation of Blake2b and Blake2s:
6,605,304 hashes for Blake2b with maximum digest length
7,128,410 hashes for Blake2s with maximum digest length

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TrustNote uses Ed25519 as the signature algorithm. The reasons are:
1. Fast single-signature verification Reliability.
2. Very fast signing
3. Fast key generation
4. High security level
5. Collision resilience
6. Foolproof session keys
7. And so on
Public-Key Cryptography Algorithm

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Ed25519

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A is the public key point
a is the public key
H(*) is the Blake2 hash of *
B is the unique point (x, 4/5) ∈ E for which x is positive
M is the message
l is the prime 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493
Ed25519 Terms

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Ed25519 Sign / Verify
Steps for signature
1. computing r = H(hb, . . . , h2b−1, M)
2. computing R = rB
3. computing S = (r + H(R, A, M)a) mod l
Verification
SB = R + H(R, A, M)A

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Ed25519 Sign

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Ed25519 Verify

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Ed25519 Fast Single Verify
SB = R + H(R, A, M)A is changed to R = SB - H(R, A, M)A Saving having to decompress R

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Curve25519 Performance

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Curve25519 Performance

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Ed25519 Performance

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Ed25519 Performance

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C/C++ Addon Implementation of Ed25519:
During 5 seconds, this package generates, signs and verifies 4,198 keys.

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TrustNote uses Equihash based on CPU and GPU. The reasons are:
1. ASIC resistant.
2. More fair for users.
3. More randomness.
PoW Algorithms

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Equihash Algorithm

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C/C++ Implementation of Equihash with no difficulty filter
N (bits) K Seed Time (ms) Difficulty Solution Size (KB) Number of solutions found
100 4 5 5,155 1 81,920 16
100 4 20 15,281 1 81,920 16
108 5 5 2,843 1 25,600 32
108 5 20 8,499 1 25,600 32
110 4 20 21,967 1 327,680 16
110 4 5 22,062 1 327,680 16
126 5 5 49,077 1 204,800 32
126 5 20 36,797 1 204,800 32

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Questions?
Business Enquires: foundation@trustnote.org
Technical Support: community@trustnote.org