This is a self-explanatory powerpoint lecture with information concerning the NCFCA resolution for 2015. Resolved: That the United States Federal Court system should be significantly reformed.
What Are A Criminal Trial's Four Phases_.pdfYAKSHITHM
. The judges then determine whether or not to uphold the conviction. Additionally, Rockville Criminal Lawyer could run their firms and manage numerous criminal cases.
The formal appearance of an accused person to hear, and to receive a copy of, the charge against him or her, in the presence of a judge, and to then enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.
Hey guys, this is the PowerPoint that Kate and I presented on 10/25/18. Chapter 7: The Courts for Professor Riley's class, Intro to Criminal Justice at NCC.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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1. Justice for all?
A beginning reporter’s guide to the
courts
Source: Melvin Mencher’s News Reporting and Writing
2. Types of courts
• Reporters may cover civil or criminal cases.
• Civil courts handle lawsuits, such as recovery
for property damages, personal injury and
breach of contract.
• Civil courts can also issue orders compelling
individuals, organizations and government
bodies to refrain from action, i.e. preliminary
injunctions.
3. Criminal Courts
• Most new police and court reporters will
quickly be faced with covering the criminal
court process.
• This process kicks in after arrest and consists
of pre-trial and trial periods.
• The pretrial period has four phases:
Arraignment, preliminary hearing, grand jury
action and jury selection.
4. Arraignment
• Arraignment: The defendant is told what
he/she is charged with, counseled about
having the right to an attorney and offered the
opportunity to enter a plea.
• A prosecutor may, at this point, decide to
reduce a felony charge to a misdemeanor. If
that happens, the case can often be wrapped
up right there.
5. Arraignment/Preliminary Hearing
• If the defendant pleads guilty to a felony, the
case is referred to a higher court.
• If the defendant pleads not-guilty to a felony,
the case is referred to the appropriate court
for a preliminary hearing.
• If the defendant waives his right to a
preliminary hearing, the case goes to a grand
jury. Felonies are handled by district, superior
or circuit courts (name depends on the state).
6. Preliminary Hearing
• This is where a judge decides if there is
reasonable grounds, or probable cause, to
send the case to a grand jury.
• The defendant may seek to have the charges
reduced through plea bargaining. For lesser
charges, the prosecutor will often agree.
• For more serious charges or if the defendant
has a prior record of serious crime, the case
will likely go to a grand jury.
7. Grand Jury
• In half the states, criminal defendants are
brought to trial via a grand jury. If a grand jury,
made up (usually) of 23 citizens, decides there is
enough evidence to move forward, it issues an
indictment, also called a true bill.
• If not, the grand jury issues a no bill.
• A grand jury hears only the state’s (or
prosecution’s) evidence. The prosecutor can
move forward with charges even if a no bill is
issued.
8. Alternatives to Grand Jury
• In 20 states the prosecutor files a charge
called an information A judge hears witness
testimony at a preliminary hearing and then
decides if there is cause for a trial.
• In a few states, a prosecutor files affidavits to
support the charge. A judge then decides
whether to move forward with a trial.
• Which system does Texas have?
9. Rearraignment, Plea bargain,
• At rearraignment, the proceeding that comes
after indictment. A judge empowered to hear
felony cases presides. If the defendant pleads
not guilty, trial date and bail are set.
• Defendants may continue to plea bargain. In
NYC, three-fourths of all murder arrests are
plea bargained. In many cities, nine out of 10
criminal cases result in a plea bargain. Why?
10. Pre-trial motions
• Motion to quash the indictment: Challenges
the legality of the indictment.
• Motion for a bill of particulars: Asks for more
detail about the charges.
• Motion to suppress evidence: May argue that
it was obtained illegally or improperly.
• Motion for change of venue: Argues that the
defendant cannot receive a fair trial in the city
or judicial area where the crime took place.
11. The Jury
• Trials rise and fall on jury selection.
• Citizens service on juries. The names of
potential jurors are chosen randomly from a
jury list. The names come from tax rolls,
driver’s license files, voting lists, etc.
• Twelve jurors and some alternates are chosen
by defense attorneys and prosecutors. Each
side gets to challenge the selection of jurors.
12. Selecting Jurors
• Two types of challenges: Peremptory, meaning
no reason needs to be given for the challenge;
for cause, when a specific reason is given. Can
you think of a reason an attorney might want
to challenge the choice of a particular juror for
cause?
• Each side is usually limited to 10 peremptory
challenges. The judge decides the numbers of
challenges for cause.
13. The Trial
• Opening Statements: Each side presents its
case.
• Direct Examination: The prosecution presents
its case via witness testimony and evidence. If
a judge decides the state has failed to make its
case, she can dismiss it right there.
• Cross Examination by Defense: Is….?
• Redirect Examination: Prosecutor gets another
turn.
14. Motions, Rebuttal
• The defense may make a motion asking for a
“direct acquittal.”
• Cross Examination by Prosecutor: The
prosecutor may cross examine the defense
witnesses.
• Redirect Examination by Defense: The defense
can come back and ask more questions if it
thinks the state has managed to weaken the
defense case.
15. Rebuttals
• Both sides get rebuttals. Witnesses may be
recalled to the stand. New rebuttal witnesses
may be called, but not without the judge’s
permission.
• Summations: These are the closing arguments
offered by both sides.
• Charge to Jury: The judge issues instructions
to the jury. The jury must follow the law.
16. Verdict and Sentence
• Criminal trial: The jury’s verdict must be
unanimous. If a jury cannot come to a unanimous
decision, the judge declares a mistrial.
• The sentence may be pronounced immediately or
later if the judge asks for a sentencing report (i.e.
more information).
• The verdict story must include: Specific charges of
conviction, length of possible sentence, time the
jury deliberated, a summary of the trial.