This document discusses trauma, its causes, classification, burden, and management. Some key points: - Trauma results from physical forces that cause tissue injury, and can be caused by accidents, assaults, disasters, and more. It is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. - Trauma can be classified as closed or open, penetrating or blunt, and by the body system or organ affected. Motor vehicle accidents commonly cause crushing injuries or ejections. - Effective trauma management follows the ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) protocol and focuses on the ABCDE approach - Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure. Rapid assessment and intervention are critical to rescue the patient.

1. TRAUMA
Is the result of adverse effect of physical
force upon a person resulting in tissue
injury
Transfer of kinetic energy

2. trauma- mass casualty- TS BUS accident

3. Rail accident- mass casualty

4. trauma – crush injury

5. trauma- facial injuries- bike

6. Car accident – severe abdominal and pelvis

7. Head and spine trauma – bike accident

8. Bike – student killed

9. Bullet injury

10. Blast injury- loss of limb

11. Stab injury by knife

12. trauma - burden
• Major health issue
• Most common cause of death in the first 4 decades
• Millions of people are killed every year /disabled
• Most common cause are – RTA,followed by suicide and homicides

13. trauma- burden
• Incidence is increasing every year
• Associated with long term health problems
• Serious consequences for individuals, families, community, health
care providers
• Significant drain on resources- health and economy

14. causes
• Physical force- RTA, KNIVES, BULLETS, MISSILES
• Chemicals- CORROSIVES
• Burns
• radiation

15. Trauma- classification
SEVERAL CLASSIFICATIONS
Closed
Open trauma

16. trauma
• Penetrating
• Blunt
• Avulsion
• Incision
• Degloving
• Crushing
• Blast injuries etc
• Firearm injuries

17. trauma
System wise
head
thoracic
abdominal
pelvis and limbs

18. trauma
organ wise
brain
lung
Heart
Liver, spleen, kidney
Intestine etc…

19. trauma
•Motor vehichle accidents may cause
rapid decelaration, or deformation of vehicle causing crushing of
body and trapped
ejection of body againt interior or thrownout causing rapid
decelaration
pedestrian- rapid acceleration and direct trauma
Seat belt injuries- rapid decelaration caused by restrain

20. other causes- disasters
• Can be natural or manmade
natural- floods, earthquakes, etc.
Manmade- war, major RAIL/ ROAD accidents, aircrashes ,
explosions,industrial accidents etc..
large number of patients come to hosp. Overwhelm resources

21. Trimodal pattern of death
• Immediate--- due to primary severe injury- 50% of deaths
little can be done by med,professional
• Early--- within few hours- bleeding and extensive injuries to
skull,abdomen, chest, pelvis, long bones, and crush of soft tissue-
30%
ic bleed, spleen , pneumo, renal, liver etc
• Late– weeks later- sepsis and MOF- 20%

22. trauma- management

23. Trauma – trimodal deaths

25. TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT
• PRE HOSPITAL CARE
• HOSPITAL CARE

26. Prehosp.care
• To address life threat complications and transport to a hosp
• evaluation of scene
• initial assessment and triage
• Make critical interventions if needed
• transport the patient

27. pre hosp care
• Follow ABC MNEMONIC
• CLEAR AIRWAY manually
• provide assisted ventilation
• stop bleeding
• splint of fractures
• take care of spine
• quick transport and enroute care

28. hospital care-TRAUMA
• SERERITY DEPENDS ON
amount of energy and area over which it applied
eg, penetrating trauma- small area
vehicle trauma– wide area and severe
RTA or FALLS- acceleration, decelaration, shearing, rotational forces
etc..

29. trauma- management
• At time zero- person interacts with adverse force
• Compensatory changes and pathological changes comes into play
• Time and method of intervention will decide outcome
• ATLS PROTOCOL to manage patients

30. trauma- management
• Initial assessment and management is most important on outcome
• ATLS- protocols were put into practice in 1970
• Revolutionised trauma care
• Applied irrespective of Nature and severity
• Easy to apply in any patient

31. hosp care- trauma management
• Arrival of patient- triage in hopspital
• ABCDE
PRIMARY survey with simultaneous rescucitation- see what is killing
patient- airway obs, tension pneumo, severe bleed, tamponade etc..
Secondary- identify other major injuries and treatment
Tertiary survey-- late management of hidden and subtle injuries

32. TRAUMA