The document describes various transport mechanisms in cells. It explains that passive transport relies on physical properties and moves substances from high to low concentration, including simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport requires cellular energy and moves substances against concentration gradients using pumps and coupled transport. Bulk transport uses endocytosis and exocytosis to move larger particles and molecules in and out of cells.

1. TRANSPORT
MECHANISM

2. At the end of this lesson,the
learners should be able to:
●describe the structure of the cell
membrane or plasma membrane & its role in
cell;
●describe the movement of substances
into & out of the cell;
●explain transport mechanisms in
cells such as passive,active & bulk trasports;and
●differentiate endocytosis from exocytosis.

3. CELL
MEMBRANE
●Serves as a
boundary
between the cells
internal& external
environments .
●Exhabits selective
permeable,which
is why it is referred
to as a semi-permeable
membrane

4. STRUCTURE &
ORGANIZATION
●The main body of the
plasma membrane is
composed of amphipothic
molecule known as a phospholipid
●Ampiphatic both hydrophobic &
hydrophilic

5. STRUCTURE &
ORGANIZATION
●this unique structure
allows the plasma
membrane to adopt a
bilayer structure wherein
the hydrophilic surface is
facing both the aqueous
external environment and
cytosol

6. DIFFERENCE OF HYDROPHOBIC &
HYDROPHOLIC

7. STRUCTURE & ORGANIZATION
●Because of its
hydrophobic
properties the tails
form an internal
layer.These factors
cause the plasma
membrane to be semi-
permeable to certain
substances

8. THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
The plasma membrane is
represented using a markable
name as fluid mosaic

9. The components of the plasma
membrane can be divided into
three,
TRANS
MEMBRANE
PROTIENS
●these are the protiens that
regulates the movement of
molecules
●these protiens form the
transport mechanisms of the
cell
●they are composed of
carriers,channels & receptors
protiens

10. ●Determines and maintains
the structure of plasma
membrane
●They are also responsible
for the shape of the cell &
the attachment of
micromolecules in cell
membrane
INTERIOR PROTIEN NETWORK

11. CELL-SURFACE
MARKERS
●They are
responsible for the
recognition of
foreign and local
(soft) cells & tissues

12. TRANSPORT
MECHANISMS

13. TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
●Allow the cell
to regulates
what solutes
enter/exit the
cell and the
quantity being
transported

14. The Types of Transport
Mechanisms
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
●It is a kind of movement of
materials that does not
require any metabolic energy
from the cell but rely solely
on the physical properties of
the substances themselves.
●Region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration

15. It involves 3 types
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
●The movement of ions
& molecules from
high concentration to
low concentration
is known as diffusion

16. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
●It is the movement of
materials across the
plasma membrane by
means of transport
protiens
●Proteins manange &
assist the movement of
solutes across the
membrane

17. ●Proteins provide a
small hydrophilic
passageway for
V.S
specific molecules & ions
●Some channels can
remain open most of the
time leak channels
which can be opened or closed
gated channels (Stimulus)
Requires the molecules
being transported to
attach itself to the
carrier protein
.The protein will
change it shape to
shuttle the molecules
across the membrane
CHANNEL PROTEIN CARRIER PROTEIN

18. OSMOSIS
●Water moves in the
direction of the solutes until
the # of free water
molecules are equal known
as osmotic balance
●The movement isinfluenced by the
presence of solutes & their ability to
pass through the membrane

19. AQUAPORINS
●These channels
allow water
molecules to move
across the
membrane in large
quantities

20. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
●This type of transport
relies on the expense of
cell energy,(ADENOSINE
TRIPHOSPHATE)ATP
●This expenditure is needed to
move molecules against
concentration gradient to
maintain internal conditions

21. EXAMPLE
SODIUM -
POTASSIUM
PUMP

22. PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
●ion pumps
●it is an internal & uphill
mode of transport where
a transport protein
directly uses energy from
ATP
phosphorylation.

23. SECONDARY ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
●A molecule is transported
due to the difference in
energy from the
phosphorylation of energy
●Transport of potassium ions from outside
the cell to inside as the protein reverts its
shape due to the loss of the phosphate loss.

24. COUPLED/COTRANSPORT
●this method of
transport is when one
protien shuttles two
different molecules
across the membrane
in the same direction.
SYMPORTER

25. COUNTER TRANSPORT
●it occurs when one
transporter moves
two different
molecules across the
membrane in
different directions
UNIPORT & ANTIPORT

26. BULK/VESICULAR TRANSPORT
●it also requires an
expenditure of energy
●macromolecules or larger
molecules are entering the
cell plasma membrane
●molecules are massive
,enough energy is required
for the molecules possibly
enter the cell.

27. ●Process by which
cells take in substances
from outside of the
cell by engulfing them
in a vesicle.
●material is taken in or bring
the particles into a cell using
an extension or portion of
the plasma membrane
●process by cells
release particles from
within the cell into the
extracellularspace
●the waste material are
transported out of the
cell by the infolding
parts of the membrane
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS

28. ●takes in fluid & solutes
PINOCYTOSIS
●fluid is brought into the cell and
also require transport proteins when
macromolecules are taken inside the
cell
Types of ENDOCYTOSIS
Cell drinking

29. Types of ENDOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
●takes in larger
substances bacteria
●happens in unicellular organisms like
amoeba that ingest food & larger materials
are enclosed in a vesicle inside the cell
,fuses with lysosome & digested the
materials to be used by the cell
Cell eater

30. Types of ENDOCYTOSIS
RECEPTOR MEDIATED
●Receptor proteins on the cell surface
are used to capture a specific target
molecule.

31. QUESTIONS:
Direction:Answer the
following questions and give
what being ask.

32. Questions
1.It serves as
boundary between
the cells internal &
external
environment

33. *cell membrane

34. 2.What is
hydrophobic

35. *Hydrophobic is
scared of
water/water
hater

36. 3.The plasma
membrane is
represented using a
markable name as

37. *fluid mosaic

38. 4.It is a kind of movement of materials
that does not require any metabolic
energy from the cell but rely solely on
the physical properties of the
substances themselves.

39. *Passive transport

40. 5.Water moves in the
direction of the solutes
until the # of free water
molecules are equal
known as_______

41. *OSMOTIC BALANCE

42. 6.It is a type of
transport that enters
a massive amount of
molecules

43. *Bulk/Vesicular
Transport

44. 7.this method of
transport is when one
protien shuttles two
different molecules
across the membrane in
the same direction.

45. *COUPLED/COTRA
NSPORT

46. 8.Requires the molecules
that being transported to
attach itself to the______

47. *Carrier Protien

48. Additional question :
9.These channels
allow water
molecules to move
across the membrane
in large quantities

49. *AQUAPORINS

50. TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
PRIMARY
TRANSPORT
COUPLED/COTRANSPOR
T
COUNTER TRANSPORT
BULK
TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS