1) Phosphate is the most abundant form of phosphorus in oceans, with an additional pool of phosphonate molecules containing phosphorus in the +3 oxidation state.
2) The rates of phosphate being chemically reduced to phosphorus compounds were measured in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean.
3) Colonial nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria played a critical role in phosphate reduction, but other plankton classes like archaea were also involved, suggesting a vast oceanic phosphorus redox cycle.
Trust of Organizations Communicating about Agriculture and the Environmentqsettle
Results of survey of public opinions of various organizations that communicate about agricultural and natural resources issues, including awareness, knowledge, and trust.
Trust of Organizations Communicating about Agriculture and the Environmentqsettle
Results of survey of public opinions of various organizations that communicate about agricultural and natural resources issues, including awareness, knowledge, and trust.
Understanding and Communicating about Public Opinion Surveysqsettle
Overview of public opinion surveys conducted by the Center for Public Issues Education (piecenter.com) in key agricultural and natural resources issues in Florida.
Seocamp2016 : javascript et indexation, où en est-on ?Madeline Pinthon
Google annonce comprendre le JavaScript mais qu'en est-il exactement ?
Plus d'information : http://www.iprospect.com/fr/fr/le-blog/indexation-javascript/
Fluorides in the environment, history, mechanism of action of fluorides, Systemic fluoridation in water, salt, milk and fluoride supplements. History of each water, milk and salt fluoridation.
Explain the mechanisms of internal loading of phosphorus in lakes.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the meaning of the following dimensionless numbers respectively.
Nu, Re, Pr, Gr
Solution
Nusselt number (Nu) is a non dimensional heat transfer coefficient. It is a measure of heat
transfer rate comparison between the conduction and convection.
Nu = h*L / kf
It is the ratio of convection to pure conduction heat transfer, where kf is the conductivity of the
fluid.
Reynolds number (Re) says, whether the flow is inertial or viscous force dominant that leads to
draw characteristics of fluid whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
Re = v*L / kinematic viscosity
It is the ratio of the inertia and viscous forces.
Viscous force provides the dampening effect for disturbances in the fluid.
If dampening is laminar flow --> strong enough
Otherwise, instability è turbulent flow --> critical Reynolds number
Prandtl (Pr) number says about the kind of fluid. It can give the information about the thickness
of thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layer.
Pr = kinematic viscosity/thermal diffusivity
It is the ratio of the momentum and thermal diffusivities.
Grashof number is the ratio of buoyancy force to viscous force and plays nearly the same role as
the Reynolds number in forced convection.
Gr = buoyancy force / viscous force
For forced convection, the heat transfer correlation can be expressed as Nu=f (Re, Pr).
Understanding and Communicating about Public Opinion Surveysqsettle
Overview of public opinion surveys conducted by the Center for Public Issues Education (piecenter.com) in key agricultural and natural resources issues in Florida.
Seocamp2016 : javascript et indexation, où en est-on ?Madeline Pinthon
Google annonce comprendre le JavaScript mais qu'en est-il exactement ?
Plus d'information : http://www.iprospect.com/fr/fr/le-blog/indexation-javascript/
Fluorides in the environment, history, mechanism of action of fluorides, Systemic fluoridation in water, salt, milk and fluoride supplements. History of each water, milk and salt fluoridation.
Explain the mechanisms of internal loading of phosphorus in lakes.pdfrastogiarun
Explain the meaning of the following dimensionless numbers respectively.
Nu, Re, Pr, Gr
Solution
Nusselt number (Nu) is a non dimensional heat transfer coefficient. It is a measure of heat
transfer rate comparison between the conduction and convection.
Nu = h*L / kf
It is the ratio of convection to pure conduction heat transfer, where kf is the conductivity of the
fluid.
Reynolds number (Re) says, whether the flow is inertial or viscous force dominant that leads to
draw characteristics of fluid whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
Re = v*L / kinematic viscosity
It is the ratio of the inertia and viscous forces.
Viscous force provides the dampening effect for disturbances in the fluid.
If dampening is laminar flow --> strong enough
Otherwise, instability è turbulent flow --> critical Reynolds number
Prandtl (Pr) number says about the kind of fluid. It can give the information about the thickness
of thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layer.
Pr = kinematic viscosity/thermal diffusivity
It is the ratio of the momentum and thermal diffusivities.
Grashof number is the ratio of buoyancy force to viscous force and plays nearly the same role as
the Reynolds number in forced convection.
Gr = buoyancy force / viscous force
For forced convection, the heat transfer correlation can be expressed as Nu=f (Re, Pr).
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
4. Phosphorus in the +5 oxidation state (i.e., phosphate) is
the most abundant form of phosphorus in the global
ocean. An enigmatic pool of dissolved phosphonate
molecules, with phosphorus in the +3 oxidation state, is
also ubiquitous; however, cycling of phosphorus between
oxidation states has remained poorly constrained. Using
simple incubation and chromatography approaches, we
measured the rate of the chemical reduction of
phosphate to P(III) compounds in the western tropical
North Atlantic Ocean. Colonial nitrogen-fixing
cyanobacteria in surface waters played a critical role in
phosphate reduction, but other classes of plankton,
including potentially deep-water archaea, were also
involved. These data are consistent with marine
geochemical evidence and microbial genomic
information, which together suggest the existence of a
vast oceanic phosphorus redox cycle.
Let’s return to Dr. Gader. He’s a computer engineer. Exciting stuff. Really.
When he works, he runs programs, and a bunch of numbers fly across the screen. Really, this exciting. You know why?
Those numbers are used to improve landmine detection.
It’s pretty easy to see that landmine detection is very impactful. It’s easy to see how his work could garner public interest.
We just have to figure out how to tell his story. He may sit behind a computer for the bulk of his work, but his work can have a very real impact on the lives of others.
Depending on what you’re doing, pre-interviewing can take care of a lot of the kinks in the system. If you’re shooting a video, it can allow you to have the story you’re telling figured out before you even take the camera out of its case. It’s almost like a preliminary interview where you can figure out what they’re doing. One of the things we did with the Explore Research project was have them fill out a worksheet before we met with them that got the researcher to think along the lines of communicating with a broader audience of this is what we were trying to find, so this is the research we conducted, and this is what we found and what it means for the general public.
For me, the pre-interview process varied the two times I tried it for Explore Research. In one case, the researcher never did the worksheet, but I was able to do the pre-interview meeting, so I was able to start getting an idea of his research. This was the land mine guy. I had to have him explain algorthims for me, and I got an idea of the shots I wanted that would help the public understand what he did and what that impacted. It was during this process that I saw the inert landmines they keep in their lab space. Being around even an inactive landmine was terrifying for me (really, how was I to know it was really dead at this point?). This emotional involvement helped me tell the story of this very dry researcher.
For the second research, I never got to do a full pre-interview, but he did do the sheet. that sheet helped guide the questions I asked him when I showed up that day. This was a geographer who was tracking malaria spread by the movement of people. The worksheet got him thinking in the way that we were going to tell the story, so this allowed me to know what questions I would ask, and gave me an idea of the possible side journeys I’d take once I was shooting.
We all know interviews go easier if the other person’s relaxed and talking comfortably. Just a few things to be aware of: if you’re relaxed, they tend to be relaxed. In other words, leave your stress at the door. It’s now on you to set the right mood as best you can. Talk them through the process as much as you can. It’s like taking a little kid to the doctor. They’re more likely to spaz out if you surprise them with something. If you know something probably seems weird to them, go ahead and admit it. If you can laugh with them, that helps a lot. Again, a lot of these people aren’t communicators. They may not give many interviews (much less video if you’re going that route), so try to set a tone that helps them relax.
