Transistor.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•5 views
A transistor is a semiconductor device that can act as a switch or amplifier by allowing or prohibiting current flow. It was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley and revolutionized technology. Transistors are made of doped silicon and exist in NPN or PNP types, depending on if electrons or holes are the majority carriers. They have three terminals - emitter, base, and collector - and can be configured in common base, common emitter, or common collector modes, each with their own characteristics like input/output resistance and current/power gain.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Transistor.ppt
This document discusses transistors, beginning with an overview of semiconductors and how transistors can act as switches or amplifiers. It then provides a brief history of transistors, describing how they were developed at Bell Labs in 1947 from earlier vacuum tube technology. The rest of the document details how transistors work, including doping, diodes, biasing, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and their characteristics and uses as switches and amplifiers. Transistors are essential components in modern electronics and technology.
Transistor%20by%20Nouman%20-042%20khokhar.pptx
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Transistor.ppt
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate by controlling the flow of electrons in a semiconductor material with no moving parts. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley, using a solid piece of germanium. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both holes and electrons to conduct current and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. FETs use an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a channel of one type of charge carrier. Transistors are essential components in virtually all modern electronic
Transistor.ppt
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Transistor.ppt
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Transistor history, working and principles
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Introduction to bjt npn &pnp
The document provides an overview of bipolar junction transistors (BJT). It begins with a brief history, describing how the transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley. It then explains the basic structure and operation of NPN and PNP BJTs, including the emitter, base, and collector terminals and how current flows. Finally, it discusses the different modes of operation - cutoff, saturation, and active - and how BJTs can be used as switches or amplifiers depending on the biasing conditions.
Recommended
Transistor.ppt
This document discusses transistors, beginning with an overview of semiconductors and how transistors can act as switches or amplifiers. It then provides a brief history of transistors, describing how they were developed at Bell Labs in 1947 from earlier vacuum tube technology. The rest of the document details how transistors work, including doping, diodes, biasing, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), and their characteristics and uses as switches and amplifiers. Transistors are essential components in modern electronics and technology.
Transistor%20by%20Nouman%20-042%20khokhar.pptx
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Transistor.ppt
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate by controlling the flow of electrons in a semiconductor material with no moving parts. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley, using a solid piece of germanium. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both holes and electrons to conduct current and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. FETs use an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a channel of one type of charge carrier. Transistors are essential components in virtually all modern electronic
Transistor.ppt
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Transistor.ppt
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Transistor history, working and principles
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power. They operate as either switches or amplifiers and are made of doped silicon. There are two main types - bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FET). BJTs use both electron and hole charge carriers and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. Current flowing into the base terminal controls the much larger currents in the collector and emitter. This amplification property allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers or electronic switches in many devices.
Introduction to bjt npn &pnp
The document provides an overview of bipolar junction transistors (BJT). It begins with a brief history, describing how the transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley. It then explains the basic structure and operation of NPN and PNP BJTs, including the emitter, base, and collector terminals and how current flows. Finally, it discusses the different modes of operation - cutoff, saturation, and active - and how BJTs can be used as switches or amplifiers depending on the biasing conditions.
Introduction to bjt npn &pnp
The document provides an overview of bipolar junction transistors (BJT). It begins with a brief history, describing how the transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley. It then explains the basic structure and operation of NPN and PNP BJTs, including the emitter, base, and collector terminals and how current flows. Finally, it discusses the different modes of operation - cutoff, saturation, and active - and how BJTs can be used as switches or amplifiers depending on the biasing conditions.
Transistor
Transistors allow current to flow or prohibit current and can be used as switches or amplifiers. They are made of semiconductor material like silicon and operate by using doping to introduce excess electrons or holes. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and consists of three layers (emitter, base, and collector) in a sandwich structure. It can be used as an amplifier by biasing it to always be on, which causes any input signal to be amplified in the output. Different types of transistors exist like JFETs, MOSFETs, and CMOS which use different structures but all act as electronic switches.
X-Ray Tube.pptx
X-RAY TUBE AND PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL IN THIS PPT.
CONTENT TAKEN FROM MULTIPLE BOOKS AND JOURNALS.
Amplifier Project
This document summarizes an amplifier project completed by two students. It describes the history and development of amplifiers from vacuum tubes to modern transistors. It then outlines the objective, materials, schematic, calculations, results, and conclusion of the students' project to design a simple bipolar junction transistor amplifier to increase a 1Hz signal by 5 times. The students were able to successfully demonstrate amplification with some minor errors within an acceptable percentage range.
Transistor, fotodiode, dan diode pemencar [14]
Transistors are composed of semiconductor materials that regulate current or voltage flow and act as switches or gates in electronic circuits. There are two main types of transistors: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) which use both holes and electrons as current carriers, and field-effect transistors (FETs) which rely on an electric field to control conductivity. Transistors allow signals to be amplified and circuits to oscillate, and they are used in applications like sensors, processors, radios, and other electronic devices. The transistor was first invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and helped usher in the digital revolution.
Tsn lecture vol 1
This document provides a timeline and overview of the development of telecommunication technologies from 1844 to present day. It begins with early pioneers like Morse and Bell and key innovations like the electric telegraph, telephone, radio, and internet. Diagrams and explanations are provided for how basic telephone systems work through transmitting sound signals and establishing connections. The role of operators in manual telephone exchanges is described. Finally, modern communication applications and typical network architectures are briefly outlined.
Transistors s07
This lecture discusses transistors, including what they are, their history, types, and uses. The key points are:
- A transistor is a 3-terminal semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It comes in bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET) types.
- Transistors were invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and helped replace fragile vacuum tubes, finding widespread use in electronics.
- BJTs use both holes and electrons to carry current and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. FETs use an electric field to control the flow of electrons and have gate, source, and drain terminals.
Tunnel diode(1)
Tunnel diodes have the following key properties:
1. They were invented in 1957 and work by allowing electrons to tunnel through a very narrow p-n junction using the quantum tunneling effect.
2. They have an unusual current-voltage characteristic with a negative-resistance region, which makes them useful for high-frequency oscillators.
3. Their main applications are in high-speed switching, signal detection, and frequency generation due to their ability to operate at frequencies into the microwave range resulting from their fast switching speeds.
special types of diodes Tunnel diode(1)
Tunnel diodes have the following key properties:
1. They were invented in 1957 and work by allowing electrons to tunnel through a very narrow p-n junction using the quantum tunneling effect.
2. They have an unusual current-voltage characteristic with a negative resistance region, which makes them useful for very high-frequency oscillators.
3. Their main applications are in high-speed computing, where they can switch on and off much faster than ordinary diodes due to the tunneling effect enabling faster electron movement.
Based on transistor
This is presentation slide in Electronics Devices & Circuits.
And this slide topic name Based on transistor.
Wireless driven led semiconductor lightning system
This document discusses wireless power transfer technologies and their application to LED lighting systems. It begins with an introduction to wireless power transfer and wireless-driven LED systems. It then provides background on the history of wireless power by discussing Nikola Tesla's Tesla coil experiments. The document outlines four main methods of wireless power transfer: electromagnetic induction, capacitive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, and microwave transmission. It also discusses LEDs and their advantages for lighting. The document concludes that wireless power techniques have opportunities to make LED products more convenient and reliable compared to traditional wired systems.
Transistor
This document provides an overview of transistors, including:
- A brief history of transistors from their invention at Bell Labs in 1947 to modern silicon-based designs.
- An explanation of how bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field effect transistors (FET) work through doping and biasing of semiconductor materials.
- Descriptions of common transistor types like NPN and PNP BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs, and their various operating regions and characteristics.
- Examples of transistor applications as switches, amplifiers, and in digital logic and power circuits.
Transistor
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Lecture UGYTYDRTYUBHYUJHBIUBH 10_BJT 1.pdf
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and digital currents. They were invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at Bell Labs to replace unreliable vacuum tubes. Transistors have three terminals - the base, collector, and emitter - and come in NPN or PNP types depending on whether they use electrons or holes as majority carriers. Transistors can be used as switches when biased in cutoff or saturation regions, or as linear amplifiers when biased in the active region. Their current gain properties allow them to both amplify signals and function as basic building blocks in digital circuits.
Semiconductors
electronics :what is electronics?what are the application of electronics? what is semiconductor?application of semiconductors .why silicon is used more than germanium?
VACCUM TUBE and its work of computer ///
Vacuum tubes were an early electronic device that controlled current flow between electrodes in a glass enclosure from which air was removed, creating a vacuum. Though largely replaced by transistors today, some applications like high power radio transmission still use vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes have electrodes that emit, attract, or control electron flow. Common types include diodes with two electrodes, triodes with three including a control grid, tetrodes with four including an additional screen grid, and pentodes with five electrodes.
New Technologies
New technologies can transmit signals via wired or wireless methods. Wired transmission uses physical cables like copper wire or optical fiber cables. Copper wire transmits electrical signals but is susceptible to interference, while optical fiber transmits light signals and is immune to interference but more expensive. Wireless transmission uses electromagnetic waves to transmit signals without a physical medium, allowing for mobility but requiring antennas and being impacted by environmental factors. Both wired and wireless methods have advantages and disadvantages depending on the transmission needs and environment.
Electronics overview
This document provides a history of electronics, beginning with the measurement of the electron's charge and development of vacuum tubes and transistors. It discusses semiconductors and how they can be doped to become either N-type or P-type materials. Both active and passive electronic components are described, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors. Diodes allow current to pass in one direction but block it in the other. Transistors are made of three semiconductors and can amplify or switch signals. Integrated circuits contain many electronic components on a single chip and have increased in complexity over time.
Travelling Wave, Broadband Antennas, Frequency-independent Antennas
Frequency-independent (FI) antennas are radiating structures capable of maintaining consistent impedance and pattern characteristics over multiple-decade bandwidths. Their finite size limits the lowest frequency of operation, and the finite precision of the center region bounds the highest frequency of operation.
Signals and Antennas in mobile computing
This document discusses signals and signal propagation in wireless communication networks. It covers several key topics:
1. Signals are the physical representation of data that is transmitted through communication systems. Signal parameters like amplitude, frequency, and phase shift encode the data.
2. Signals propagate through wireless networks differently than through wired networks due to effects like reflection, scattering, diffraction and multipath propagation. This results in delayed and attenuated signals arriving at the receiver.
3. Techniques like TDMA, CDMA and multiple access protocols are used to allow multiple users to share the same wireless medium and communicate simultaneously. Fixed and dynamic channel allocation schemes are discussed.
Data Driven Maintenance | UReason Webinar
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
More Related Content
Similar to Transistor.pptx
Introduction to bjt npn &pnp
The document provides an overview of bipolar junction transistors (BJT). It begins with a brief history, describing how the transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley. It then explains the basic structure and operation of NPN and PNP BJTs, including the emitter, base, and collector terminals and how current flows. Finally, it discusses the different modes of operation - cutoff, saturation, and active - and how BJTs can be used as switches or amplifiers depending on the biasing conditions.
Transistor
Transistors allow current to flow or prohibit current and can be used as switches or amplifiers. They are made of semiconductor material like silicon and operate by using doping to introduce excess electrons or holes. The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and consists of three layers (emitter, base, and collector) in a sandwich structure. It can be used as an amplifier by biasing it to always be on, which causes any input signal to be amplified in the output. Different types of transistors exist like JFETs, MOSFETs, and CMOS which use different structures but all act as electronic switches.
X-Ray Tube.pptx
X-RAY TUBE AND PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL IN THIS PPT.
CONTENT TAKEN FROM MULTIPLE BOOKS AND JOURNALS.
Amplifier Project
This document summarizes an amplifier project completed by two students. It describes the history and development of amplifiers from vacuum tubes to modern transistors. It then outlines the objective, materials, schematic, calculations, results, and conclusion of the students' project to design a simple bipolar junction transistor amplifier to increase a 1Hz signal by 5 times. The students were able to successfully demonstrate amplification with some minor errors within an acceptable percentage range.
Transistor, fotodiode, dan diode pemencar [14]
Transistors are composed of semiconductor materials that regulate current or voltage flow and act as switches or gates in electronic circuits. There are two main types of transistors: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) which use both holes and electrons as current carriers, and field-effect transistors (FETs) which rely on an electric field to control conductivity. Transistors allow signals to be amplified and circuits to oscillate, and they are used in applications like sensors, processors, radios, and other electronic devices. The transistor was first invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and helped usher in the digital revolution.
Tsn lecture vol 1
This document provides a timeline and overview of the development of telecommunication technologies from 1844 to present day. It begins with early pioneers like Morse and Bell and key innovations like the electric telegraph, telephone, radio, and internet. Diagrams and explanations are provided for how basic telephone systems work through transmitting sound signals and establishing connections. The role of operators in manual telephone exchanges is described. Finally, modern communication applications and typical network architectures are briefly outlined.
Transistors s07
This lecture discusses transistors, including what they are, their history, types, and uses. The key points are:
- A transistor is a 3-terminal semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It comes in bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET) types.
- Transistors were invented in 1947 at Bell Labs and helped replace fragile vacuum tubes, finding widespread use in electronics.
- BJTs use both holes and electrons to carry current and have three terminals - base, collector, and emitter. FETs use an electric field to control the flow of electrons and have gate, source, and drain terminals.
Tunnel diode(1)
Tunnel diodes have the following key properties:
1. They were invented in 1957 and work by allowing electrons to tunnel through a very narrow p-n junction using the quantum tunneling effect.
2. They have an unusual current-voltage characteristic with a negative-resistance region, which makes them useful for high-frequency oscillators.
3. Their main applications are in high-speed switching, signal detection, and frequency generation due to their ability to operate at frequencies into the microwave range resulting from their fast switching speeds.
special types of diodes Tunnel diode(1)
Tunnel diodes have the following key properties:
1. They were invented in 1957 and work by allowing electrons to tunnel through a very narrow p-n junction using the quantum tunneling effect.
2. They have an unusual current-voltage characteristic with a negative resistance region, which makes them useful for very high-frequency oscillators.
3. Their main applications are in high-speed computing, where they can switch on and off much faster than ordinary diodes due to the tunneling effect enabling faster electron movement.
Based on transistor
This is presentation slide in Electronics Devices & Circuits.
And this slide topic name Based on transistor.
Wireless driven led semiconductor lightning system
This document discusses wireless power transfer technologies and their application to LED lighting systems. It begins with an introduction to wireless power transfer and wireless-driven LED systems. It then provides background on the history of wireless power by discussing Nikola Tesla's Tesla coil experiments. The document outlines four main methods of wireless power transfer: electromagnetic induction, capacitive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, and microwave transmission. It also discusses LEDs and their advantages for lighting. The document concludes that wireless power techniques have opportunities to make LED products more convenient and reliable compared to traditional wired systems.
Transistor
This document provides an overview of transistors, including:
- A brief history of transistors from their invention at Bell Labs in 1947 to modern silicon-based designs.
- An explanation of how bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field effect transistors (FET) work through doping and biasing of semiconductor materials.
- Descriptions of common transistor types like NPN and PNP BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs, and their various operating regions and characteristics.
- Examples of transistor applications as switches, amplifiers, and in digital logic and power circuits.
Transistor
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Lecture UGYTYDRTYUBHYUJHBIUBH 10_BJT 1.pdf
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can amplify or switch electronic signals and digital currents. They were invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at Bell Labs to replace unreliable vacuum tubes. Transistors have three terminals - the base, collector, and emitter - and come in NPN or PNP types depending on whether they use electrons or holes as majority carriers. Transistors can be used as switches when biased in cutoff or saturation regions, or as linear amplifiers when biased in the active region. Their current gain properties allow them to both amplify signals and function as basic building blocks in digital circuits.
Semiconductors
electronics :what is electronics?what are the application of electronics? what is semiconductor?application of semiconductors .why silicon is used more than germanium?
VACCUM TUBE and its work of computer ///
Vacuum tubes were an early electronic device that controlled current flow between electrodes in a glass enclosure from which air was removed, creating a vacuum. Though largely replaced by transistors today, some applications like high power radio transmission still use vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes have electrodes that emit, attract, or control electron flow. Common types include diodes with two electrodes, triodes with three including a control grid, tetrodes with four including an additional screen grid, and pentodes with five electrodes.
New Technologies
New technologies can transmit signals via wired or wireless methods. Wired transmission uses physical cables like copper wire or optical fiber cables. Copper wire transmits electrical signals but is susceptible to interference, while optical fiber transmits light signals and is immune to interference but more expensive. Wireless transmission uses electromagnetic waves to transmit signals without a physical medium, allowing for mobility but requiring antennas and being impacted by environmental factors. Both wired and wireless methods have advantages and disadvantages depending on the transmission needs and environment.
Electronics overview
This document provides a history of electronics, beginning with the measurement of the electron's charge and development of vacuum tubes and transistors. It discusses semiconductors and how they can be doped to become either N-type or P-type materials. Both active and passive electronic components are described, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors. Diodes allow current to pass in one direction but block it in the other. Transistors are made of three semiconductors and can amplify or switch signals. Integrated circuits contain many electronic components on a single chip and have increased in complexity over time.
Travelling Wave, Broadband Antennas, Frequency-independent Antennas
Frequency-independent (FI) antennas are radiating structures capable of maintaining consistent impedance and pattern characteristics over multiple-decade bandwidths. Their finite size limits the lowest frequency of operation, and the finite precision of the center region bounds the highest frequency of operation.
Signals and Antennas in mobile computing
This document discusses signals and signal propagation in wireless communication networks. It covers several key topics:
1. Signals are the physical representation of data that is transmitted through communication systems. Signal parameters like amplitude, frequency, and phase shift encode the data.
2. Signals propagate through wireless networks differently than through wired networks due to effects like reflection, scattering, diffraction and multipath propagation. This results in delayed and attenuated signals arriving at the receiver.
3. Techniques like TDMA, CDMA and multiple access protocols are used to allow multiple users to share the same wireless medium and communicate simultaneously. Fixed and dynamic channel allocation schemes are discussed.
Similar to Transistor.pptx (20)
Wireless driven led semiconductor lightning system
Wireless driven led semiconductor lightning system
Travelling Wave, Broadband Antennas, Frequency-independent Antennas
Travelling Wave, Broadband Antennas, Frequency-independent Antennas
Recently uploaded
Data Driven Maintenance | UReason Webinar
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT MBB AIRPORT
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
Convolutional Neural Network used for image classification
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
AI assisted telemedicine KIOSK for Rural India.pptx
It gives the overall description of SIH problem statement " AI assisted telemedicine KIOSK for Rural India".
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION for seminar ppt.pdf
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
AND CLASSIFICATION USING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Recently uploaded (20)
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
AI assisted telemedicine KIOSK for Rural India.pptx
AI assisted telemedicine KIOSK for Rural India.pptx
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
Data Control Language.pptx Data Control Language.pptx
Data Control Language.pptx Data Control Language.pptx
Transistor.pptx
- 2. WHAT IS ATRANSISTOR? • Semiconductors: ability to change from conductor to insulator • Can either allow current or prohibit current to flow • Useful as a switch, but also as an amplifier • Essential part of many technological advances.
- 3. A BRIEF HISTORY • Guglielmo Marconi invents radio in 1895 • Problem: For long distance travel, signal must be amplified • Lee De Forest improves on Fleming’s original vacuum tube to amplify signals • Made use of third electrode • Too bulky for most applications
- 4. THE TRANSISTOR IS BORN • Bell Labs (1947): Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley • Originally made of germanium • Current transistors made of doped silicon
- 7. • Construction • two polarities: npn and pnp
- 11. RECALL P-N JUNCTION N > 0 - N W + P W + Vappl Forward bias, + on P, - on N (Shrink W, Vbi) Allow holes to jump over barrier into N region as minority carriers I V P - Vappl < 0 Reverse bias, + on N, - on P (Expand W, Vbi) Remove holes and electrons away from depletion region I V
- 16. • In PNP transistor majority charge carriers are holes • In NPN transistor majority charge carriers are electrons • Emitter junction always should be forward biased and collector base junction is always reverse
- 20. TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS • Common Base : Input & Output Characteristics
- 22. COMMON EMITTER
- 24. COMMON COLLECTOR
- 26. CONCLUSION PARAMETERS CB CE CC Input Resistance Very low Medium High Output Resistance Very high Medium Low Current Gain Less than 1 More than 1 More than 1 Power gain Lower than CE High Higher than CB
- 27. QUESTIONS • Explain the working of NPN transistor • Draw the input and output characteristics of common emitter (CE) configuration. • Compare three configurations of transistor.
- 30. DC CURRENT GAIN 𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝐸 •𝛼 = 𝐼𝑐 (Ratio of Collector Current to Emitter Current) 𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝐵 • = 𝐼𝑐 (Ratio of Collector Current to Base Current)