Transracial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses magnetic fields to induce electric currents in brain tissue. TMS has applications as both a research tool and therapeutic intervention. As a research tool, TMS can map brain functions and create temporary lesions to study brain regions. Therapeutically, TMS shows promise for neurological disorders like Parkinson's and psychiatric conditions such as treatment-resistant depression. While TMS has fewer side effects than ECT, risks include seizures and headaches, and its efficacy is modest compared to sham treatments for some disorders. Ongoing research aims to optimize TMS parameters and techniques.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to cause depolarization or hyperpolarization in the neurons of the brain.
This video explains the physics of this method and how it can be used in daily practice.
More about magnetic simulators: http://www.neurosoft.ru/eng/product/neuro-msd/index.aspx
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to cause depolarization or hyperpolarization in the neurons of the brain.
This video explains the physics of this method and how it can be used in daily practice.
More about magnetic simulators: http://www.neurosoft.ru/eng/product/neuro-msd/index.aspx
TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION IS A AREA THAT IS NOT EXPLORED MUCH, BUT IT REALLY NEEDS LOT OF ATTENTION AS IT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON OBSTACLE IN ACHIEVING COMPLETE REMISSION IN DEPRESSION
TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION IS A AREA THAT IS NOT EXPLORED MUCH, BUT IT REALLY NEEDS LOT OF ATTENTION AS IT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON OBSTACLE IN ACHIEVING COMPLETE REMISSION IN DEPRESSION
Regulation of depression by a new type of brain stimulation in addicted patie...Mrsunny4
Depression is also known as clinical depression and major depressive disorder (MDD). This severe medical illness affects 15 million American adults every year or about 5-8% of the adult population of the US. Women are nearly twice as likely as men to develop major depression.
Dr. Cady presented this CME program on depression and TMS (Transcranial magnetic stimulation) to the medical staff of the Community Methodist Hospital in Henderson, KY on February 8, 2012. It reviews accurate diagnosis of depression, use of new medications, cautions on drug-drug interactions, and a review of the new development of TMS in the current treatments of 21st Century psychiatry.
New Developments in the Treatment of Mood DisordersS'eclairer
Roger F Haskett MD
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
Medicine, Culture, and Spirituality Conference
September 9, 2011
The emerging therapeutic role of the non-invasive brain stimulation in the ad...Ahmed Elaghoury
Poster 1.043 presented at the 2nd International Brain Stimulation Conference, Barcelona, Spain on 6th March 2017
Please cite as Elaghoury, A. (2017). The emerging therapeutic role of the non-invasive brain stimulation in the addiction medicine: review of the ongoing studies. Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation, 10(2), 454-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.333
Also, Poster #510 in the 2018 NIDA International Forum
June 8 – 11, 2018
San Diego, California
Magnets - Not Drugs: TMS IMMH San Antonio 2014Louis Cady, MD
In this talk, Dr. Cady covers a remarkable new treatment for depression: transcranial magnetic stimulation. The historical roots of this treatment are traced, followed by a review of the literature in terms of the proven efficacy of this treatment. A comparison with ECT shows that TMS has a very favorable profile, with remarkably fewer side effects and incredibly better tolerated side effects compared to ECT. Given that this was a "CME" talk, off-label uses of TMS were reviewed, including stepping stones for future avenues to explore
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. What is it?
TMS is a non-invasive method of brain
stimulation in which magnetic fields are used
to induce electric currents in the cerebral
cortex, thereby depolarizing neurons.
6. History
the idea of using TMS goes back to the early
1900s.
1985 tony barker and colleagues .
1984 David Cohen, 1988 Shoogo Ueno :
the idea and realization of the figure-of-eight
coil .
7. Mechanism of action of TMS
Electrical energy is converted to magnetic
fields ,which are then converted back into
electrical currents in the brain.
TMS is sometimes called”electrodeless
electrical stimulation”
8. Applications of TMS
A research tool to study aspects of the human
brain physiology
Therapeutic application:
Neurological disorders
Psychiatric disorders
9. TMS as a research tool
A research tool to study aspects of the human
brain physiology including motor
function,vision,language and the
pathophysiology of brain disorders
TMS can excite or inhibit the brain allowing
functional mapping of cortical regions and
creation of transient functional lesions.
10. Examples:
rTMS over the occipital lobe impaired
detection of visual stimuli
rTMS delivered to discrete areas in the
language-dominant hemisphere can disrupt
speech.
12. Movement disorders:
Therapeutic applications of TMS in movement disorders are
preliminary.
Fast rTMS of the motor cortex has been reported to
improve performance on several motor measures in
Parkinson disease.
a recent meta-analysis included 12 studies and
concludes that the overall literature does show a positive
effect of r TMS on Parkinson motor function.
Slow rTMS has been reported to improve dystonia.
George, linsbey ,and sackiem
Fregni et al. 2005
13. Neuro-rehabilitation
TMS to evaluate the functional properties of
the motor cortex after lesions like stroke is of
special interest in the field of
neurorehabilitation.
Brain stimulation have been proposed to
enhance motor function when combined with
conventional neurorehabilitative interventions
after stroke
14. Chronic Pain
(rTMS) of the cortex induces analgesic effects in
focal chronic pain syndromes.
16. Mood Disorders
Several studies demonstrated that repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an
efficacious treatment for treatment-resistant
major depression.
its efficacy has often been shown to be
modest, compared with sham stimulation.
17. Mechanisms of rTMS-Induced
Antidepressant Response
evidence suggests that MDD is most
commonly associated with hypoexcitability over
the left prefrontal cortex and hyperexcitability
over the right prefrontal cortex
18. Evidence in support left prefrontal
hypoexcitablity in depression:
Brain injury:
patients with left-sided strokes (hypoexcitability)
experience depression
Patients with right-sided strokes experience manic
symptoms
Imaging studies demonstrated that MDD
may involve lower activity in the left DPLFC
and higher activity in the right DPLFC.
19. rTMS treatment in MDD has often been
shown to be associated with a normalization
of hypoexcitability over the left prefrontal
cortex and normalization of hyperexcitability
over the right hemisphere.
20. Studies have demonstrated that when 10 Hz
rTMS is applied to the right DLPFC ,
dysphoric symptoms occur.
21. Review of Studies of rTMS in
Depression
Studies in the review were summarized into 5 broad categories:
1- first-generation studies that have evaluated the efficacy of 10
rTMS sessions (that is, 2 weeks) for TRD.
2-second-generation studies that have evaluated the efficacy of
rTMS for more than 10 rTMS sessions.
3-third-generation studies that evaluate the efficacy of rTMS using
several novel treatment approaches (for example, bilateral rTMS).
4- metaanalytic studies of rTMS for TRD.
5-future studies proposing novel methods to optimize the efficacy of
rTMS for TRD.
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 53, No 9, September 2008
22. First-Generation Studies
rTMS studies applied at high frequencies (10 to
20 Hz) over the left prefrontal cortex have
demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of
depression.
Other studies also demonstrated right low-
frequency rTMS to be useful in depression.
Other first-generation studies were equivocal or
showed lack of efficacy.
Other studies have also reported negligible
results.
23. Explanations :
1- most patients included in these studies were
treatment resistant.
2- stimulation parameters including frequency,
intensity, and duration vary from study to study.
3- concomitant use of medications .
4- no consistent method for precisely localizing the
prefrontal cortex.
24. Second-Generation Studies
20 or more treatments.
The results demonstrate that both HFL- and
LFR-rTMS have substantial therapeutic
efficacy.
25. Third-Generation Studies
bilateral rTMS.
The studies showed no difference between
the groups.
Limitations of these studies:
First, bilateral rTMS was not compared with
unilateraland sham rTMS in a sufficiently large
sample of subject.
none of the studies were conducted for longer
than 10 days .
none used more than 300 LFR-rTMS pulses.
26. Metaanalyses of rTMS in MDD
There have been at least 8 meta -analyses
evaluating the anti-depressant effects of left
DLPFC rTMS. All but one have shown greater
antidepressant effects at 2 weeks of HFL-
rTMS, compared with sham.
27. Limitations of Current rTMS
Trials in MDD
Factors underlie the relative modest therapeutic
efficacy of rTMS studies conducted in MDD:
1- most of these studies involved left-sided
treatment alone to the DLPFC.
2- suboptimal methods were used to target the
DLPFC .
3-treatment durations were typically short (that is, 2
to 4 weeks).
4- stimulation intensity might have been
insufficient by
not taking into consideration coil-to-cortex
distance
30. Difference Between TMS and
ECT
TMS:
does not require general anaesthesia
easy to administer in alert and wake subjects
under medical supervision
no cognitive deficits reported at this point.
Does not involve induction of seizures
31. Adverse Effects of rTMS
Risk of inducing seizures (in patients with a hx
or family hx of seizures).current safety
protocols adjust the amount of stimulation in
relation to the motor threshold of the individual.
Muscle tension headache .
Short term changes in hearing threshold
related to the noise generated.
Cognitive changes only during stimulation