1. Industrial Training Report
AT
Vardhman Special Steels Ltd. (Ludhiana)
PresentedBy:-
Name:KSHITIJTIWARI
Branch:B-tech(Mechanical Engineering)
University RollNo:1312970
College Name:GULZARINSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING
&TECHNOLOGY(Ludhiana)
2. VARDHMAN SPECIAL STEELS
• Vardhman Group is a
textile group based
in Ludhiana, Punjab, In
dia. Vardhman Group
was established in 1965
by Lala Rattan Chand
Oswal. The group is
engaged in
manufacturing and
trading in Yarn, Greige
and Processed Fabric,
Sewing Thread, Acrylic
fibre and Alloy steel
3. Electric arc furnace
.
An electric arc furnace is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an
Electric Arc. Arc furnaces ranges in size from small units of approximately one ton
capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton
units used for secondary steel making. Industrial Electric Arc Furnace temperature
can be up to 1800 degree Celsius.
4. IN INDUSTRY VARDHMAN
SPECIAL STEELS
• The shell, which consists of the sidewalls
and lower steel “bowl”
• The hearth, which consists of the
refractory that lines the lower bowl
• The roof, which is refractory, lined or
water cooled and can be shaped as a
section of a sphere. The roof also supports
the refractory delta in its centre.
• SPECIFICATIONS OF OUR E.A.F
• Furnace is of GCEA COMPANY.
•
• The furnace model number is 13 SU (13
FEET SIDE TAPPING U-TYPE FURNACE).
• Furnace CAPACITY is 35 TON but we pour
material up to 32 TON.
5. • Furnace TEMPERATURE ranges from 1600-1650 degree Celsius.
• We use 3 ELECTRODES for arc king. Which are fitted at top of roof in form
of DELTA.
• The ELECTRODES used for arcing is made up of GRAPHITE material.
• The electrode diameter is 18” or 18 inch.
• There are total 16 panels from which 12 side panels, 3 upper panels and
1 special panel named as EBT PANEL (ECCENTRIC BOTTOM TAPPING
PANEL).
• There are total 8 HYDROLIC AND 8 PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS for lifting,
racking, tilting and rotating.
• POWER required for finance is 20 MV.
• WATER COOLED CABLES are used to transmit power.
6. HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
• A Hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a
mechanical actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force
through a unidirectional stroke. It has many applications, notably
in construction equipment ( engineering vehicles), manufacturing
machinery, and civil engineering.
7. PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
• Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are
mechanical devices which use the power of compressed gas to
produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion.
• Like hydraulic cylinders, something forces a piston to move in the
desired direction. The piston is a disc or cylinder, and the piston
rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved.
Engineers sometimes prefer to use pneumatics because they are
quieter, cleaner, and do not require large amounts of space for
fluid storage
8. BOILER
• BOILER: Boiler is an defined as a closed vessel in which water or
other fluid is heated to make steam from them and the steam
produce is superheated.
• A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create stem by
applying heat energy to water.
• TYPES OF BOILER
• Fire tube boiler.
• Water tube boiler.
9. FIRE TUBE BOILER
• : As the name indicate the fire
passes through the pipes and
water surrounds the tubes
then making a steam.
OR
• A fire tube boiler is a type of
boiler in which hot gases from
a fire pass through tubes
running through a sealed
container of water. The heat
of gases is transferred
through the walls of the tubes
by thermal conduction,
heating the water and
ultimately creating steam.
10. CATION AND ANION UNITS:
• Cation and anion units 1st the water was charged with HCL and
casting soda. Anion was charged with casting soda and cation was
charged with HCL there also reducing the hardness of water or we
can say that all most nil at that time pH is 8.5 to 9.5. Then further it
is given to a cylinder capacity 12000 Lt. where we increase the p-H
level up to 10.5 to 11.5 with the help of chemical named as
maxtreat 330. The water used in boiler is called DM water (de
mineralised).Then this water given to boiler with zero hardness.
12. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE
(A.P.C.D)
• ELBOW
• MOVING DUCT
• DILUTION
DAMPER
• BAG HOUSE
• ID FAN
• CHIMNEY
13. DILUTION DAMPER
• The gas cooler 2 the
gas is passed through
the dilution damper.
The main work of
dilution damper is to
bi pass the gas if the
temperature of air is
more than 90 degree
Celsius thus it protects
the bag filter from
burning in the bag
house
14. LADDLE PRE-HEATER
• In our industry the ladle lining consists
of high-alumina bricks (70–80%Al2O3)
while the slag line consists of
magnesia bricks, usually containing
approximately 10% carbon and small
amounts of metallic additions such as
aluminium, magnesium or chromium
to minimize the oxidation of carbon.
• Magnesia also has a higher heat
storage capacity than the other
materials we pre heat the ladle so that
we maintain the temperature of
molten metal at ladle refining furnace.
15. LADDLE REFINLING FURNACE
• The main work of laddle
refining furnace is to
maintain the chemical
composition of molten
metal according to the
requirement.
• The chemical composition
will be maintained by
different alloys of iron by
weight like feCr, Mn,
aluminium
16. VACUUM DEGASSING
• During taping of the steel, air bubbles are entrained into the steel where the
tap stream enters the bath in the tap ladle. As the name indicates vacuum
degassing it removes the dissolved gasses by creating the vacuum. It is based
on the Bernoulli’s principle.
• In vacuum degassing unit we have 6 EJECTORS, 3 CONDENSERS AND ONE
DUST CATCHER. By creating vacuum we remove the gases like hydrogen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide etc. we create vacuum by using the Bernoulli’s
principle i.e. by temperature difference and by pressure difference.
