Traffic Etiquettes and Road Safety: An Essential Guide for Safe Driving
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Muhammad Asif
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Traffic Etiquettes and Road Safety: An Essential Guide for Safe Driving
- 1. 1
- 3. To highlight significance of Traffic Etiquettes and Road Safety regulations AIM 3
- 4. • Introduction • Definitions • Statistics • WHO Global Road Safety 2030 • Road Safety Pakistan • Road Etiquettes • Recommendations • Conclusion • Q & A SEQ 4
- 5. INTRO 5
- 6. Term Definition Traffic Movement of vehicles/pedestrians from one place to another along a route Road Portion of a strip (designated or ordinary) used by vehicular traffic inclusive of shoulders Motorway Intercity road designed and build for motor vehicles which has special points of entry for the two direction of traffic and does not cross at level with any road, railway, tramway or footpath Expressway Intercity/intra city modern form of motorway where intersections and entry and exit points to adjacent spots have been specified Highway A road declared to be a national highway under NHA Act 1991 Median Portion of roadway separating opposing traffic in a divided highway Shoulder Long & narrow piece of ground on either side of main road with no passage for custodians Road Safety Means and methods used to prevent road accidents, casualties and injuries on road TERMINOLOGIES 6 National Highway & Motorway Police (NH&MP)
- 7. Ministry / Institute Role & Task Ministry of Communication (MoC) Central policy making & administrative body National Highway Authority (NHA) Planning, development, operation & repair/maintenance of highways National Transport & Research Centre (NTRC) R&D support for planning and appraisal for transport sector projects and plans National Highway & Motorway Police (NHMP) Traffic regulations enforcement and ensuring safety Rescue 1122 Medical support in emergency situations on main highways KEY PLAYERS 7
- 8. Loc Year Total Accidents Accidents Persons Vehicles damaged Fatal Non Fatal Killed Injured Pakistan 2019-20 9701 4403 5298 5436 12317 12894 Punjab 2019-20 4294 2471 1823 3102 5746 5498 Sindh 2019-20 4294 2471 1823 3102 5746 5498 KPK 2019-20 3891 997 2894 1186 5069 5487 Baluch 2019-20 469 252 217 289 640 694 ICT 2019-20 189 111 78 118 121 189 RTAs STATISTICS 8 (Cureus Journal of Medical Sciences 2021)
- 9. FATALITIES STATISTICS 9 Distribution of RTA fatalities w.r.t. site of fracture (Cureus Journal of Medical Sciences 2021) Skull injuries 53% Ribs & Sternum 19%
- 10. WHO GLOBAL RD SAFETY 2030 10 • Global consensus on 12 Global Road Safety Targets in UNGA on 22 December 2017 • Target year 2030 • National Transport Policy 2018 • Safe System Approach (Road Safety Pakistan)
- 11. WHO GLOBAL RD SAFETY... 11
- 12. ROAD SAFETY PAKISTAN (MoC) 12 SAFE SYSTEM APPROACH
- 13. • Legally permissible driving limit along a specific section of the road under good road and travel conditions • Target 6 of WHO Global Road Safety 2030 • Global best practice urban speed limit ≤ 50 kmph • Enforcement level 4/10 (NH&MP ) SAFE SPEED 13
- 14. SAFE SPEED… 14 If speed is doubled, impact of injury is not doubled but quadrupled Why speeding can be dangerous?
- 15. • SD = RD + BD Where, SD: stopping distance RD: reaction distance BD: breaking distance SAFE STOPPING DISTANCE 15
- 16. SAFE STOPPING DISTANCE… 16 Traffic Department Queensland, Australia
- 17. • Target 8 of WHO Global Road Safety 2030 • Pakistan Motor Vehicle Ordinance (PMVO) mandates seat belt wearing by the driver only • Part II Section (v) of the 8th Schedule to the National Highways Safety Ordinance states that a driver shall not drive a vehicle without seatbelts fitted • Section 89-B (1) of the PMVO states that a person driving a motor car, motor cab, light or heavy transport vehicle must have a fastened seatbelt. The penalty for a driver detected not wearing a seat belt is a 300 rupee fine SAFETY BELTS 17
- 18. • Enforcement level is 3/10 (NH&MP) • Safety harness for infants/ toddlers SAFETY BELTS… 18
- 19. • Target 7 of WHO Global Road Safety 2030 • 53% of RTAs result in skull injuries • major cause of death and permanent disability among motorcyclists • Crash helmet saves lives CRASH HELMETS 19
- 20. • PMVO 1969, 89-A, mandates that: "Rider to wear helmet • No person shall drive, or ride the pillion seat of, a two-wheeled motor vehicle except when he is wearing a crash helmet • A standard for motorcycle helmets remains undefined in law • Enforcement level is 2/10 (NH&MP) HELMET USAGE REGULATIONS 20
- 21. ROAD ETIQUETTES 21 Do not text while driving Do not drive while under influence of Alcohol Pull your vehicle for Emergency Vehicles
- 22. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 22 Use turn signals while turning Stay in the correct lane except when overtaking Do not hold up the traffic for long behind you by overtaking too slow
- 23. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 23 Use fog lamps when driving in fog Park your vehicle in between the parking space Use of proper lanes while approaching a roundabout
- 24. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 24 Give way to pedestrians at the Zebra Crossing Give room to cyclists Give extra space to motorcyclists
- 25. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 25 Do not drive below the indicated speed limits Avoid blocking open lane or a fast lane Avoid tailgating behind the vehicles in front of you
- 26. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 26 Do not disturb/ distract the driver while driving Slow down a bit while approaching a main highway Dim your headlights for approaching traffic
- 27. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 27 All occupants to buckle up before embarking on a drive Curb your rage Do not litter on the main roads
- 28. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 28 Do not litter inside the car Avoid leaving pets in closed vehicles Don’t slam the car doors while disembarking a car
- 29. ROAD ETIQUETTES… 29 courtesy wave to helpful drivers
- 30. VIOLATIONS 26 Over speeding One wheeling Bribing TP Wrong place Over loading Wrong turn Wrong way Over loading Blocking EV
- 31. VIOLATIONS… 26 Rage bursts Wrong parking Blocking reserved parking Without seatbelt Kids in lap Underaged driver Wrong helmet Arguing with TP Road blocking
- 32. • Implementation / enforcement of traffic laws • Traffic fine limits to be revised • Seat belts compulsory for all vehicle inmates • Safety helmet (as per standard specifications) compulsory for motor bikers RECOMMENDATIONS 32
- 33. • Amendment in PMVO/ Seat belt laws for all occupants • Vehicle standard laws requiring all vehicles to be fitted with seat belts • Promotion of safety culture through awareness campaigns on electronic, print and social media RECOMMENDATIONS… 33
- 34. • Road Safety to be made a part of school curriculum • Promotion / display of civic sense over road by the educated & emotionally stable drivers RECOMMENDATIONS… 34
- 35. CONCLUSION 35
- 36. Thank You 36
Editor's Notes
- In the name of Allah the most beneficent, the most merciful
- Honorable Commandant, Respected Directing Staffs and Officers, Assalam of Alaikum. The topic of todays presentation is Traffic Etiquettes & Road Safety
- The aim of this endeavor is to highlight the significance of Traffic Etiquettes and how important it is to abide to Road Safety Rules and Regulations.
- Sequence of the presentation will be as displayed
- Road safety primarily means the protection and security of all those who travel on roads. It encapsulates all -- from pedestrians to vehicles and from two-wheelers to multi-wheel transport. It is a double-sided and complementary exercise which bears less fruit if anyone is minused from the frame. That is to say, everybody will have to honor other’s rights to see his ones being respected.
- Before proceeding any further, I feel important to acquaint my audience with few terminologies in the language of National Highway & Motorway Police: ROAD: Portion of a strip (designated or ordinary) used by vehicular traffic inclusive of shoulders MOTORWAY: Intercity road designed and build for motor vehicles which has special points of entry for the two direction of traffic and does not cross at level with any road, railway, tramway or footpath EXPRESSWAY: Intercity/intra city modern form of motorway where intersections and entry and exit points to adjacent spots have been specified HIGHWAY: A road is declared to be a national highway under NHA Act 1991
- Some important key players of Road Safety include: MoC: Central policy making/ administrative body NHA: Oversees the planning, dev, op & repair/ maintenance of highways NTRC: Provides R&D support for planning and projects in transport sector NHMP: Road Safety rules and regulations enforcement Rescue 1122: medical support to emergency situations arising highways
- A brief overview of Pakistan RTAs statistics. In the year 2019-20, unfortunately 9700 RTAs occurred out of which 4400 fatal accidents resulted in loss of 5500 precious lives and damage to aprox 13000 vehicles
- The statistical data of fatalities is also quite alarming with 53% of total deaths resulting from SKULL INJURIES and 19% of total deaths are due to chest injuries obviously with the lodging of 2 vital organs inside the thoracic cavity.
- Road Safety from perspective of health promotion has remained on the agenda of WHO since long. WHO was successful in getting the members of UN develop a global consensus over 12 GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY TARGETS in the annual UNGA session dated 22 DECEMBER 2017. Pakistan being a UN member, also revised the National Transport Policy in 2018 and implemented the global road safety targets through the Safe System Approach which is an offshoot of the ROAD SAFETY PAKISTAN, a project of MoC
- 12 GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY TARGETS fall under 5 categories. 1. Road safety mgmt. 2. Safe roads & mobility 3. Safe vehicles 4. Safe road users 5. Post crash response.
- In order to ensure road safety, the Safe System Model was implemented with 4 key elements Safe roads and roadsides Safe speeds Safe vehicles Safe people
- Target No. 6 of global road safety target is safe speed. Legally permissible speed limits for LTV is 120 kmph and HTV is 100 kmph respectively on motorways. So far the implementation level of safe speed has been graded at 4 on a scale of 10 according to NHMP survey
- Maintaining safe speed over highways is important because every 1km Increase in speed increases the chance of crash by 3% Injury level in a road crash at 50 kmph is like falling from a 3 storey building where as injury level in a road crash at 100kmph is equivalent to falling from a 12 storey building.
- SAFE STOPPING DISTANCE is the distance covered by a vehicle once a hazard is spotted by the driver till it comes to a steady halt. Stopping distance SD = Reaction Distance RD + Breaking Distance BD with tire and road conditions playing a decisive role.
- Safe stopping distance for a car travelling at 40kph is 26m in dry conditions Where as it is it 70m for a car travelling at 80km.
- Target No.8 of global road safety focus on use of safety belt while driving. A unique revelation by sifting the clauses of PMVO was the usage of safety belt by car driver where as the other vehicle inmates have not been mentioned in it. Part II Section(v) and Section 89-B (1) needs to be revised inorder to ensure road safety. Fine limits for non compliance to safety belt use also requires to be increased
- implementation level of safety belt usage has been graded at 3 on a scale of 10 according to NHMP survey
- Target No. 7 of WHO global Road Safety Targets is use of Crash helmet by motor bikers. Skull Injuries result in 53% total deaths. Crash helmet use reduces risk of death by 14% and risk of severe injury by 70%.
- implementation level of Crash Helmet use has been graded as 2 on a scale of 10 according to NHMP survey. Another noticeable thing in PMVO section 89-1 mandates a person to use a helmet. The type of helmet and its specification is not defined in the rule resulting in people using all such head gears which provide everything except safety while riding a motorbike.
- Road Etiquettes are written & unwritten means and methods used to prevent road accidents, casualties and injuries on road I shall now quickly enumerate few of them. 1. Answering a mobile call while driving may be the call from angel of death . 2. Its not an uncommon sight these days. Driving under the influence of alcohol can be a dangerous habit. 3. Keep watching the rear view mirror to pull up for an emergency vehicle.
- Indicate your intentions to turn well in time on a highway. Stay in the left lane except when overtaking Avoid occupying the fast lane for too long and holding the vehicles for too long behind you
- Fog lamps and tail brake lamps prevents collisions in foggy weather. Park vehicles exactly in between the parking space displays good civic sense. Use of proper lanes while approaching a roundabout comes with experience but is easy to master.
- White and black stripes are conveniently visible to drivers to slow down or come to a halt for pedestrians. Big space for a small transport. Give room to cyclists Give extra space to motorbikers to ensure theirs and own safety
- Do not drive at subpar speed other than indicated on sign boards Fast lanes are to be used quickly and swiftly. Tailgating may result in bumping into the car ahead. Avoid that.
- Do not distract the driver from the rear seat or from home …..by calling. Better late than never – slow down while approaching a main road or highway Do not dazzle the drivers in on coming vehicle. It is better to dim the headlights while driving at night.
- All occupants of a vehicle to buckle up before a long drive. Shakespearean amphitheaters coined the phrase “ taming the beast” during the live performance by stage artists. Curb the road rage. Avoid littering on the roads.
- Do not litter in a car …..be it your own or others. Avoid barbecuing the pets in closed vehicles Slamming car doors is rude.
- A courtesy wave isn’t a legal requirement but it can improve the tone of driving and general mood of fellow motorist and road users. Use it and see the positive mood shift that you can contribute to in the community.
- Operators errors are often the key factor in a wreck. Humans remain the most unpredictable component of any system including the traffic system. according to a survey by Civil and Petroleum engineering dept Karachi, 67% accidents are due to Human errors, 28% accidents due to poor road infrastructure and 5% accidents are traffic related Some of the different kinds of ill practices and violations generally observed on our roads are deliberately shared pictorially to have a lasting impression and measures to avoid them.