This document is owned by the University of Antique -NSTP

1. Road Safety Management

2. Brief Introduction
Traffic or road accident is one of the leading problems in
the Philippines today. It is considered the fourth leading cause
of death in the country after cardiovascular diseases, malignant
neoplasm and pneumonia. This translates to around 36,000
fatalities every year and the trend is increasing. This number
includes all road accidents involving trucks, buses, vans,
jeepneys, and motorcycles (Department of Health, 2015).
The Highway Patrol Group of the Philippine National Police
and Land Transportation Office had recorded alarming number
of road accidents that occurred every year.

3. The situation is particularly true in the
provinces in Panay Island. In fact in the Province of
Antique, there is a high rate of recorded vehicle and
motorcycle accidents based on various PNP blotter
entries. Subsequently, due to rapid increase of
volume of vehicles running in the provincial and
national roads as well as human error in driving,
inadequate driving lessons and orientations are
considered among the contributing factors to
increasing vehicular accidents.

6. What is PARCA?
Provincial Accident Reduction Council of
Antique (PARCA) was created by the Provincial
Government through Ordinance No. 102 - 2014 as a
counterpart Council by every municipality based on
the principles prescribed by the R.A. No. 10586 also
known as “Anti Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of
2013”. PARCA as special body is created under the
Provincial Government tasked in regulating the
transportation industry, promotion of road safety and
implementation of the valid registration of vehicles

8. (1)Before beginning a long drive, always get enough sleep and eat
something before driving.
(2) Pull over and take breaks every couple of hours, even if you do not
feel sleepy.
(3) If possible, share the driving responsibilities with someone else.
(4) If there is a need to pull over, move vehicle off the road.
(5)Know the laws along the route concerning cell phone use while
driving.
(6)Never drink any alcohol before the trip.
(7)Keep an eye on the skies, and plan a route around inclement
weather.
(8) Search the Web for traffic update sites and listen to radio traffic
alerts, especially when approaching major cities

9. (9) Not even a GPS unit is infallible, so try to bringing a detailed map or
road atlas as a backup just in case.
(10) If driving a rental vehicle, a person should familiarize himself with
the car and all of its equipment (horn, brakes, hazard lights)
(11) Lock all of the valuables (especially items that are clearly gifts) in
the trunk or glove compartment and stow all luggage in the
trunk
(12) Try to familiarize with local traffic laws, which vary from state to
state and especially overseas.
(13) Before setting off on a long car trip, be sure the vehicle is in prime
condition -- that tires are properly inflated, all fluids are at their
proper levels and have a full tank of gas

10. (14) Consider becoming a member of AAA or signing up for car
insurer's roadside assistance program.
(15) Keep costs down by conserving gas when driving.
(16) Do not wait until the gas gauge is sitting on E to refuel.
(17) When traveling with kids, be sure to stop often -- not just for
snacks and potty breaks, but also for fun
(18) Stock up on snacks and drinks at grocery stores rather than gas
stations or convenience stores
(19) On longer trips, keep napkins, plastic ware and a small cooler
handy for meals on the go.
(20) Make sure everyone in the car buckles his or her seatbelt.

14. Educational Awareness on Safe Driving Techniques
and Traffic Rules and Regulations
1. Road Markings
2. Road Signs and Symbols
3. Distribution of Leaflets and Fliers

19.  In the past years, the Province of Antique accounts for
several hundreds of vehicular accidents, the most
prevailing of which are motorcycle accidents notably
driven by minors, especially students. According to the
statistics of the Provincial Police Office of the Province
of Antique, motorcycle accidents represent 70 % of the
total recorded incidents. In 2017, the Provincial Police
Office recorded a total of 715 accidents, it accounts
with an increase of 15% compared to 2016. In the first
three months or Q1st alone of 2018, the same office
recorded a total of 255 accidents. Cognizant of the
issue, the Province of Antique is doing its best to
mitigate or reduce, if not totally eradicate these
accidents.

20.  The creation of Provincial Accident Reduction Council
(PARCA) is one bold measure undertaken by the Provincial
Government of Antique to address rampant vehicular
accidents by formulating policies and implements safety
awareness programs, in coordination with various
government and non-government organizations.
 To restore public trust regarding road safety by enhancing
awareness, PARCA is holding and will continue to hold
symposium to enhance safety education to students,
motorists and different stakeholders in different venues
appropriate for the purpose.
 The topic that will be presented to you for discussions will
not only helps you to get rid with Road Traffic Accidents,
but it will also help students, or anybody, who would
want to get driver’s license to pass the examination as an
elementary requisite before its issuance .

21.  1. Having a driver’s license is a privilege.
 2. A Public Utility Vehicle can only be driven by a holder of a Professional
Driver’s License.
 3. A steady red cross (“X”) in toll ways means you cannot drive through this
lane.
 4. Drivers of public utility vehicles are prohibited from overcharging fares
and fast taximeters and cutting trip or going beyond authorized line.
 5. To avoid confusion to other road users, after changing lanes, finishing a turn
and overtaking, the driver should make sure your signal light turns off after
changing lanes, overtaking and finishing turn.
BASIC INFORMATION FOR RESPONSIBLE DRIVING

22.  6. The license of a Public utility Vehicle driver who refuses to convey passengers
shall be confiscated and suspended.
 7. The documents you must carry along whenever you drive a FOR HIRE vehicle are
Driver’s license, certificate of registration, current official receipt of payment
vehicle registration and valid franchise.
 8. Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the major causes of vehicular
accident because when a driver is drunk, he is arrogant, talkative and doesn’t
have the judgment and the reflexes to perform things safely.
 9. At rotundas or roundabouts vehicles within the rotundas or roundabouts
have the right way.
 10. A pre-trip inspection should be completed before operating the motor
vehicle.

23.  11. The vehicle you are driving is stalled on a two-way
(opposite direction) highway; you should place the
Early Warning Device (EWD) 4 meters at the back
and front of the stalled vehicle.
 12. When a heavy fog occurs you should park at a
rest area or vehicle stop until the fog has lifted.
 13. Under no circumstances you may drive off of the
paved roadway to pass another vehicle.
 14. It is illegal to park within 4 meters of a fire
hydrant and within 6 meters.
 15. Before making a turn, the driver should use the
turn signal at a distance of 30 meters.
 16. Whenever you are driving and you have to make
or answer a call on you cellular phone you should
pull over on the side of the road at a safe location
answer or make a call.
 17. You are not permitted to double park.

24.  18. When taking any medicine, you should consult your doctor
about the effects before driving.
 19. When you are preparing to exit an expressway, you should start
reducing speed immediately upon entering the deceleration
lane.
 20. Change lanes without signaling is not considered safe when
driving on an expressway.
 21. Considers what other drivers might do and is preparing to
do describe the thinking of a defensive driver.
 22. At an intersection with traffic signals, if you are not in the proper
lane to make a right or left turn, you should continue to the next
intersection to make the desired turn.
 23. When you are driving at night, make sure you are driving
within visibility range of your headlight so you can stop in an
emergency.

25.  24. When you are parked at the side of the road at night,
you must warn others by turning on your
4-way emergency flashers.
 25. Driving recklessly and under the influence of
alcohol or drug is not a good trait of a driver.
 26. Chances of being hurt or killed while driving are
reduced if one is wearing seat belts.
 27. Road accidents can be avoided and minimized if the
driver knows and obeys traffic signals, rules and
regulations.
 28. A flashing yellow light means slow down and
proceed with caution.
 29. You have to make a full stop at a red traffic light.

26.  30. In order to meet one’s social responsibilities of caring for
others on the road, a good driver should always exercise
care for pedestrians and other road users.
 31. While driving with maximum speed and you have to stop
suddenly, you should apply your brakes gently with steady
pressure.
 32. The proper hand signal for a left turn is left arm straight
in horizontal position.
 33. If two vehicles approach or enter an intersection at
approximately the same time, the vehicle on the right has
the right-of-way.
 34. The most effective way to deal with a tailgater is to slow
down and let him pass.
 35. A driver on a highway, business or residential areas, shall
yield the right-of-way to pedestrian.

27.  36. Under no circumstances you can lend your driver’s
license.
 37. Seatbelts must be worn by children aged 7 years and
above.
 38. Steady green light at an intersection means it is the
turn of the vehicle on the side to stop and pedestrians
not allowed to cross the pedestrian lanes.
 39. Traffic jam can be prevented if you keep opposing
lanes open.
 40. Signs that are triangular in shape and with a red
colored border are called cautions or warnings.
 41. Signs that are round, inverted triangle or octagonal
with red colored border are called regulatory signs.
 42. Defective and dirty headlights affect your visibility
while driving at night.

28.  43. When approaching a flooded area you should
proceed at a very slow speed and you have to go
through it.
 44. When driving at night, you should always turn
your headlights on.
 45. A driver on a highway shall yield the right-of-way
to police/fire department vehicles and ambulance
when such vehicles are on emergency call.
 46. Ignoring traffic lights could involve you in fatal
accident.
 47. Following the traffic laws, rules and
regulations is the proper attitude of a good driver.
 48. When approaching a pedestrian lane, you should
stop and yield to pedestrians.

29.  49. A flashing red light means you must stop and then go
only when it is safe to do so.
 50. Driving against the flow of the traffic and
overtaking in the shoulder or sidewalks is considered
intentional violation.
 51. Informative signs states directions and distances.
 52. A “cross buck” sign means you are approaching a
railway crossing.
 53. A steady red light is traffic light or signal that tells you
to stop before the intersection.
 54. A steady yellow light is a traffic signal light that warns
you that the red light is about to turn-on.

30.  55. A steady green light is a traffic signal light that
means you can go if the intersection is clear.
 56. Pentagon is a traffic sign that warns you that school
children may be present in the vicinity.
 57. When you can see traffic coming from your left and
right, you should stop before entering any intersection.
 58. A driver must not park or stop at the side of the road
with a “STOP SIGN” or a traffic control signal because it
reduces visibility for other drivers, especially when it is
within 6m.
 59. A driver should not park or stop at the side of the
road within 6 meters of a crosswalk because it reduces the
visibility of pedestrians to other drivers.

31.  60. Turn and look behind you over your shoulder at
right when you are backing up in a straight line.
 61. One must yield to the right-of-way if in doubt
while at an intersection.
 62. You must yield if another car enters the intersection
at the time you do and it is on your right.
 63. If the driver is turning left, he must yield to
approaching vehicles.
 64. U-turn it is not permitted when it would interfere
with other traffic.
 65. Keeping one’s distance lessens the risk of accident.
One good rule is to leave a car length or 2-second rule.

32.  66. On the expressway, if a driver tries to drive slower than
that of the traffic, he is a hazard to the cars behind.
 67. In case of a breakdown, walk or hitchhike for help
should not be done by a driver.
 68. In case accident, if you are the first to arrive at the
scene,
 you should offer all reasonable assistance.
 69. On long drives, you should be awake and alert. If you
are tired or very sleepy, you should park at the
designated bay of the road and take a few minutes
 70. Drivers have to make decisions continuously as they
drive.

33.  71. When you intend to drive slower than the other
vehicle, you should use the outermost (right) lane.
 72. It is not a safe place to overtake at an intersection
and when approaching a bridge or a curve.
 73. At an intersection with no traffic signals, two cars
approach at right angles to each other. The driver who
gets there last must yield.
 74. At an intersection with no traffic signals, two cars
approach at right angles to each other. The car on the
right has the right-of-way.
 75. Left arm held down and hand pointing at the
ground is the hand signal a driver must give when he
wants to stop.

34.  76. Left arm bent at elbow, hand pointing up is the hand
signal a driver must give when he wants to turn right.
 77. Left arm held straight horizontally is the hand signal a
driver must give when he wants to turn left.
 78. According to RA 9994 (Expanded Senior Citizens Act of
2010), 20% of the prescribed fare is the Fare discounts
granted to Senior Citizens.
 79. Senior Citizens and students are entitled to fare
discounts.
 80. If you are requested by a law enforcer to stop you should
stop and show your driver’s license and other documents
you are asked.
 81. If you are involved in an accident, you should notify the
nearest hospital and notify the nearest police station.
 82. If a passenger left some personal belongings in your
vehicle, you should surrender the belongings to the nearest
authority.

35.  83. The driver of a public utility vehicle has full responsibility
to passengers and their belongings.
 84. The meaning of ‘Yellow Box’ in the middle of the
intersection is keep the intersection open.
 85. Wearing of slippers while driving is not allowed at all
times.
 86. The disciplined and careful driver shows respect to
other road users at all times.
 87. Being passed is a normal part of driving and should not
be taken as an insult to one’s ability. While being overtaken,
a driver must pull the vehicle to the right, slow down and
make it easy for other vehicle to pass.

36.  88. In traffic direction and control, when both the traffic
lights and traffic enforcer are directing
 Traffic follows traffic enforcer to avoid confusion.
 89. If you were apprehended for Disregarding Traffic Sign
(DTS), drive your car according to the required speed
and read traffic signs carefully so that next time, you
not be apprehended for the same violation.
 90. You are driving on a two (2) lane road. A vehicle
coming from the opposite direction decides to overtake.
Judging by his speed and his distance from you, he will
not make it and he is on a head on collision course with
you. Reduce your speed right away and pull over to
the right shoulder of the road.

37.  91. In order to avoid being apprehended for violation of
failure to convey passenger to proper destination, the right
thing to do is strictly follow your authorized route.
 92. Driving in heavy rains can be extremely dangerous
because of zero visibility. When you cannot see more than
20m in front of you, turn on your hazard lights/headlights
look for a safe place to park.
 93. When making a right turn, you must stay on the
outermost lane of the road then signal your intention to
right at least 30 meters before you intend to make your
 94. When you intend to turn right or left, signal your intention
at least 30 meters before you intend to make your turn

38.  95. At an intersection with a traffic light, make a left
turn only when the green light is on and there is a
left turn sign.
 96. While you were driving on the highway, you noticed
that a lot of passengers are waiting, yet you still have 3
remaining passengers inside your jeepney, convey all
your passengers up to their destinations.
 97. R.A. No. 10586 refers to an act penalizing persons
under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and
similar substances, and for other purpose.
 98. Driving under the influence of alcohol refers to
an act of operating a motor vehicle while the driver’s
BAC level has, after being subjected to an ABA test,
reached the level of intoxication as established jointly
by DOH, and NAPOLCOM and the DOTC.

39.  99. Alcohol refers to alcoholic beverages classified into
beer, wine and distilled spirits, the consumption of which
produces intoxication.
 100. Alcohol Breath Analyzer refers to the equipment
which can determine the BAC level of a person through
testing of his breath.
 101. A driver of a private motor vehicle with a gross vehicle
weight not exceeding 4500 kg. a BAC level of 0.05% or
higher shall be conclusive proof that said driver is driving
under the influence of alcohol.
 102. Field Sobriety Test refer to standardized tests to
initially assess and determine intoxication.
 103. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) refers to
measure of amount of alcohol in a person’s blood.

40.  104. For drivers of trucks, buses, motorcycles and public
utility vehicles, a BAC level of more than ______ shall be
conclusive proof that said driver is driving under the
influence of alcohol.
 105. The Eye Test (“horizontal gaze nystagmus”)
refers to horizontal or lateral jerking of the driver’s eyes
as he or she gazes sideways following a moving object
such as pen or the tip of a penlight held by the LEO from
a distance of about one (1) foot away from the face of
the driver.
 106. Probable cause shall mean that the LEO has
reasonable ground to believe that the person driving the
motor vehicle is under the influence of alcohol,
dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances upon
personally witnessing a traffic offense committed.

41.  107. A driver found to have been driving a motor vehicle
while under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or
other similar substances, as provided for under section 5 of
this Act, shall be penalized if the violation did not result in
physical injuries or homicide with three (3) months
imprisonment, and a fine ranging from Twenty thousand
pesos (Php20,000.00) to Eighty thousand pesos
(Php80,000.00)
 108. Motor vehicle refers to any land transportation vehicles
propelled by any other power than muscular power.
 109. Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 is the
short title of R.A. No. 10586.
 110. The Walk-and-Turn is a type of sobriety test that
requires the driver to walk heel-to-toe along straight line for
nine (9) steps, turn at the end and return to the point of origin
without any difficulty.

42.  111. The One-Leg Stand is a type of sobriety test that
requires to stand on either right or left leg with both arms
on the side. The driver is instructed to keep the foot raised
about six (6) inches off the ground for thirty (30) seconds.
 112. According to the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A.
No. 8749), Every citizen has the right to breathe clean
air.
 113. The Road Users Charge Law (R.A. No. 8749) was
enacted by the Philippine Congress to serve as basis for
collecting registration fee for motor vehicle.
 114. A driver’s license must not be lent out.
 115. Driver’s license, certificate of registration and
official receipt of the latest payment of Road Users
from the LTO (CR and OR) are the documents should a
driver carry all the time when he is driving.