Traditional Investment Appraisal Techniques Can Not Cope...

Traditional Investment Appraisal Techniques Can Not Cope...
School Of Accounting, Financial Services and Law
MSc in Banking and Financial Regulation
Financial Management – ACC 11105
"Traditional Investment Appraisal techniques cannot cope with the fast changing environment in
manufacturing industry today"
Matriculation Number: 40170472
Academic Year: 2014 – 2015 Table of Contents
Table of Figures 2
Introduction 3
1. Definition of Investment 3
2. Traditional Investment Appraisal Techniques 4
2.1 Payback 4
2.2 Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) 4
2.3 Net Present Value (NPV) 5
2.4 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 6
2.5 Profitability Index (PI) 6
3. Technological evolution and traditional investment appraisal methods 6
Conclusions 7
References 9
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Financial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, it considers the suitability of the use of traditional methods in the constantly changing
technological environment. Finally, to conclude, this assignment examines different opinions from
experts regarding the adaptability of the traditional investment appraisal to the fast changing
requests of today's manufacturing industry.
1. Definition of Investment
"Investment is defined as an asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate
income or appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods
that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a
monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the future or appreciate
and be sold at a higher price" (Investopedia, 2014). The development of a company, the ability to

remain competitive and finally to survive, depends on searching for ideas in order to create new
products, improve existing ones or to minimize operating costs. Adler, (2000) claimed that the
process of strategic investment decision involves the identification, evaluation and selection
between alternative programmes, which are likely to have a significant impact on the competitive
advantage of the firm. If the investment proves to be wrong, the company will have lost a big
opportunity to develop or will have spent considerable
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Tragedy of Tormented Teenagers: Mental Illness Hits One in...
Many young Australians suffer from mental illness and are exposed to serious risk of harm. It is
found that more than one in four teenagers suffer a mental illness and most are not identified or
treated (Mcdougall, 2013). Mental illness is the largest risk factor that causes suicidal behaviour and
serious psychological distress in young people (Australian Government, 2013). According to
Mcdougall (2013), the life expectancy for people with mental illness is 15 to 20 year lower than
other Australians. Child and adolescent psychologist Carr–Gregg, states that despite of high
prevalence of suicide, 80 per cent of adolescents with mental illness do not acknowledge the illness
and remain untreated (as cited in Mcdougall, 2013). In the context ... Show more content on
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In the study of Yap, Reavley & Jorm (2013), the attitudes of young people aged 15–25 were
categorised into five stigma scales; social distance, personal weakness, personal dangerousness,
perceived weakness by others and perceived dangerousness by others (Yap, Reavley & Jorm, 2013).
Yap, Reavley & Jorm (2013) conclude that young people who perceive mental illness as an indicator
of weakness and cause of social distance were less likely to seek for professional help. However, the
participants with a belief that mental illness is dangerous and unpredictable showed more intention
for seeking professional help (Yap, Reavley & Jorm, 2013). This suggests a strong correlation
between help seeking actions and belief towards the mental illness.
Another suggested explanation that contributes to high prevalence of untreated young people with
mental disorder is that there still is "no coherent national service framework, no service model, few
care guidelines and continuing poor accountability" (Mcdougall, 2013). Mendoza argues that there
hasn't been a progress in lifting life expectancy of people suffering mental illness in 30 years since
Richmond reform was released (Mcdougall, 2013). The Richmond reform which was released in
1983, recommended the downsizing of large psychiatric institutions and establishing special funding
of community based facilities to treat psychiatric disorder (mhcc, 2013). It made its intention to
expand non–government services to develop

Obesity And The Pediatric Patients
Table 1 Demographic data, duration of surgery, time to additional analgesia, and total dose of
analgesics administered to the pediatric patients in each group Patient characteristics Group 1 (N =
20) Group 2 (N = 20) P value Age (years) 6.35 ± 2.14 6.95 ± 1.88 0.852 Weight (kg) 19.61 ± 2.84
19.45 ± 5.22 0.974 Sex Male 19 18 0.651 Female 1 2 Duration of surgery (min) 55 ± 14 60 ± 17
0.058 Time to additional analgesia (h) 6 ± 2.3 8.5 ± 2.6 0.074 Data are represented as mean ± SD,
except for sex (presented as number of patients); *P < 0.05. Table 2 Respiratory rate (mean ± SD) in
groups 1 and 2 of 20 pediatric patients at various time–points of surgery Physiological item Group
Preoperative Intraoperative PostoperativeTime after operation (h) 5 min 15 min 1 h 1 2 4 6 8 12 18
24 Respiratory rate (breath/min) 1 21.3 ± 2.5 20.9 ± 2.6 20.4 ± 2.3 20.5 ± 1.2 22.5 ± 3.9 21.8 ± 3.9
21.2 ± 2.1 23.4 ± 3.2 26.1 ± 4.5* 25.1 ± 4.6* 25.1 ± 3.7* 25.1 ± 3.5* 2 21.8 ± 2.4 20.8 ± 1.8 20.9 ±
1.9 21.2 ± 2.1 21.1 ± 1.8 20.7 ± 2.1 21.6 ± 3.1 21.8 ± 3.4 20.5 ± 3.4 22.9 ± 3.6 22.1 ± 3.1 27.9 ±
3.1* *Signifi cant changes (P < 0.05) in relation to the postoperative value at 5 min. Table 3 Heart
rate (mean ± SD) in groups 1 and 2 of 20 pediatric patients at various time–points of surgery
Physiological item Group Preoperative Intraoperative PostoperativeTime after operation (h) 5 min
15 min 1 h 1 2 4 6 8 12 18 24 Heart rate (beats/min) 1 103.5 ± 8.6 102.6 ± 6.1 103.4 ± 6.2 103.2 ±
8.6 105.2 ± 10.8 104.8 ±

The Relationship Between It And Hrm Practices
The relationship between IT and HRM practices
Joe Jasso
September 14, 2014
Information System Seminar – BINF 6315
Article/Topic
#1
Fall, 2014
Abstract Information Technology contributes to an organization's human resource infrastructure that
helps a company set itself apart from its competitors. A company's structure job duties, work
allocation and culture are directly impacted by its innovation and technological efforts. The key
functions that are highlighted relates to administrative effectiveness and operational efficiency. The
significance of workforce technology on the system of HR and its activities are highlighted as well.
This paper addressees how the use of IT can contribute to a company's human resource management
(HRM). IT plays a vital role in corporate strategy and competitive positioning. A company's
investment and management of IT works together with IT resource management. This paper also
includes a brief discussion on the debate about Carr's "IT doesn't matter" and its relevance on the
topic presented.
In today's high–paced business environment, organizations succeed or fail based on how well they
manage information internally and externally. To address this reality, successful organizations
devote substantial funds to secure their information advantages. Companies must adopt new
information technologies and methodologies and remove olds ones in order to avoid being left
behind by its competitors. The information

Anti Social Personality Disorder ( Ocd )
Abuse and neglect during childhood have a strong predisposition to having anti–social personality
disorder
"In 2013, an estimate of 679, 000 children were abused or neglected" (National Children's Alliance,
2013). Abuse and/or neglect history in young adults can have strong impact physically and
emotionally. Previous researchers have found that abuse and/or neglect in young adults can be one
linked to personality disorders. They have found that Anti–social Personality Disorder (APD) can be
one of the personality disorders that's linked to abuse and/or neglect. "APD is characterised by a
pervasive pattern of poor social conformity, deceitfulness', impulsivity, aggressiveness,
irresponsibility, lack of remorse and criminality" (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
APD is a well–known disorder that researchers have been trying to determine the cause of it. Bierer
et al. (2003) conducted a study and found that children that experience sexual and physical abuse
have strong predictor to paranoid as well anti–social personality disorder. The participants that
helped find these results were either referred from the outpatient psychiatric clinics or referred
themselves by responding advertisements and press release. Each participant was given a childhood
trauma questionnaire (CTQ) to assess the participant's childhood. The questionnaire was five–point
Likert–type scale to help determine the frequency of the traumatic occurrences. The researchers
measured five different

Timetable: Touring Car Racing and Life Science Team
Year 2 – Timetable – Adult Branch Programme Care: Applied Problem Solving – co–ordinator –
Jacqui White jacqueline.white@uws.ac.uk 0141 849 4312 Health & Life Science – co–
ordinator – Mike Keenan mike.keenan@uws.ac.uk 0141 849 4 Process of nursing – co–ordinator –
Barbara Killoran Barbara.killoran@uws.ac.uk 0141 849 4282 Year 2 Timetable Trimester 1 – Week
1 September 11 cohort Date | 9am–12.00pm | Lunch | 1.00pm–4.00pm | Mon CAPS17/09/12 | M004
& F309 9–10am Intro to module J.White & B KilloranM004 10am–11am Patient
Assessment Workshop (1&2) J.WhiteE337 12– 1pm ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
on | | | Week 4 Date | 9am–12.00pm | Lunch | 1.00pm–4.00pm | MonCAPS8.10.12Skills labs | Drug
Administration – Lab Group 4 M.Paton, L.McKenzie, S.Gallagher, AM Carr | | Drug Administration
– lab Group 3 M.Paton, L.McKenzie, S.Gallagher, AM Carr | Tues CAPS9.10.12Skills labs | Drug
Administration – Lab Group 1J.White, M.Paton, K.Shepherd, DMolloy, AmCarr | | Drug
Administration – Lab Group 2J.White, M.Paton, K.Shepherd, DMolloy, AmCarr | Weds
10.10.12HLS | D141 Cells – Life Science Team – group 1Nutrition and Health Student research for
on line presentation | | D 141 Cells – Life Science Team – group 2Nutrition and Health Student
research for online presentation | ThursPON11.10.12D143 | Introduction to cancer & GI cancer
– Group 2 Laura MacKenzie | | Introduction to cancer & GI cancer Group 1 Laura MacKenzie |
| Group 1 STUDY | | Group 2 STUDY | Friday | Cancer PBL online | | | Week 5 Date | 9am–12.00pm
| Lunch | 1.00pm–4.00pm | MonCAPS15.10.12 | Authentic World | | Authentic world | TuesCAPS
16.10.12 | Authentic WorldAuthentic World Assessment – online Kim Shepherd | | Authentic world |
Weds HLS17.10.10 | D141 Endocrine system – Life Science Team – Group 1Health &
Nutrition Student online presentation | | D141 Endocrine system – Life Science Team – Group
2Health & Nutrition Student online presentation | ThursPON18.10.12D143 | Management of
the patient with diabetes mellitus – Group 1Laura MacKenzie | |

Role of Mobile Computing in Healthcare Management
Mobile Computing in Healthcare Management Technology changes everyday. We blink our eyes for
a second, and it has advanced to far beyond our wildest dreams. Thus, every aspect of our lives is
also being impacted by these advances in technology, including how we care for our bodies and our
overall well–being. Technology has long played a crucial role in healthcare management strategies,
but today's industry is seeing drastic changes in how it uses mobile computing devices. The use of
mobile devices is revolutionizing the modern healthcare industry, having the huge benefits of
efficiency, cost reductions, and patient empowerment; yet, still these devices are now bringing up
new security concerns for the protection of sensitive patient data. The use of mobile devices in
healthcare has really taken off. When once healthcare practitioners were limited to time consuming
written record keeping or clunky and out–dated computers on heavy carts, "health service providers
and medical vendors are finding new and innovative ways in which to use this new platform to
better support patient care" (HIMSS 2011 p 3). Heavy duty lap tops are a staple feature in most
healthcare facilities. They give healthcare workers the speed they want coupled with the durability
the need in a chaotic healthcare setting (Brown 2010). These durable laptops are often a primary
choice for systems that are sent home with patients because they are more practical to use than other
mobile devices, like tablets,

Does Effective Pain Management Improve the Overall Quality...
Literature Review: Does Effective Pain Management Improve the Overall Quality of Life? What is
pain? Generally, it is an unpleasant sensory feeling that is triggered by the body's nervous system in
response to an adverse affect and is often categorized as acute or chronic. Because of the many
different aspects of pain, it varies from each individual. Experiences that may cause pain in one
individual may or may not cause pain at the same level which makes this a highly subjective
symptom. Previously, medical professionals relied solely on their patients report of pain. However,
as time and medicine have evolved, pain has been incorporated into general patient assessments and
has further been referred to as the fifth vital sign, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many break through devices have surfaced the market in hopes of being the "miracle" treatment for
chronic pain sufferers. One type of electrical device, a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator,
better known as the TENS unit, surfaced in the 16th century and was used primarily to treat
headaches as well as other pains (Wikipedia). It has become a popular device that is frequently
prescribed by orthopedic physicians and neurosurgeons to treat both acute and chronic pain. More
recently, healthcare professionals have introduced a similar device, the Calmare pain therapy
treatment. This electronic device sends signals through electrodes placed on the body that stimulate
nerves in pain area. Through use of the device, the body's pain signals are masked, reducing or
eliminating the pain syndrome. Though still under investigation and being trialed in limited areas of
the country, there are reports of complete pain relief. Examples of patient reports include: A lifelong
skier who suffered a back injury as well as a crushing knee injury and had underwent six failed
surgeries with unresolved pain relief reported that after receiving the Calmare treatment, she was
pain free and felt that the treatments were a "miracle". A mother who suffered severe reflex
sympathy dystrophy, a debilitating disease of the nervous system that causes chronic pain, is
progressive and cannot be cured, reported pain relief up to two weeks at a time before requiring a

Evaluation Of A Research Design And Survey As The Main...
TEACHER ATTIRE 1
Review of Methodology Issues
Many studies that were analyzed in the current literature review use quantitative research design and
survey as the main instrument for collecting the primary data. For instance, Carr, Davies & Lavin
(2009) and Carr, Davies & Lavin, (2010) used survey by involving the university students into
research. Both studies are very similar in terms of their objectives as well as the research tools,
including the SPSS statistic tool utilized to analyze the responses. However, both studies produced
different results. The research conducted in 2009 collected data that proved teacher's choice in attire
can determine a student's perception of how knowledgeable they are as well as their likeability. Yet,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, by using one setting, as was done in most of the cases studies, the sample is not as effective
which in most cases, it is one University, as it was in Dunbar & Segrin (2011), Carr, Davies & Lavin
(2009), Prenni, & Lord, (1992), and Carr, Davies & Lavin (2010), is not completely effective, as the
sample is not entirely homogenous.
It is a well–known fact that the universities have its own subculture and policies. For example, in
some educational establishments the relationship between the students and teachers is more formal,
while in other universities the students enjoy informal and more open relationship with the
professors. It depends largely on the leadership strategy used by the administration. Consequently,
the studies conducted within the premises of one campus is limited to a specific area, which makes
the results partially biased. For example, Million (2004) uses the same strategy by surveying her
own university, which can increase the bias of the researcher. It is not clear why the scholars do not
involve the participants from different educational institutions at once in order to strengthen the
inner validity of the inquiry and generalizability of the findings.
Morris, Gorham, Cohen & Huffman (1998) and Workman & Freeburg (2010) involved the students
from one university as well by performing the survey, as the other studies, yet still, the researchers
decided to categorize the attires into the casual and formal

Analysis of Pricing and Model Strategies at Cambridge...
Analysis of Pricing and Model Strategies at Cambridge Software Introduction The purpose of this
analysis is to evaluate if Cambridge Software Corporation should offer only one version of it
Modeler software application, and if so, which version at which specific price. A second objective of
this analysis is to define how many potentially different versions of the Model that CSC should
offer, and at which prices. This analysis is heavily based on the concepts of pricing elasticity and the
various approaches for measuring the value of software in both enterprises and educational
institutions (Cusumano, 2007). Analysis of Cambridge Software Modeler Optimal Version and Price
Given the highly unique and differentiated aspect of the Modeler application, its price needs to be
based more on the value delivered, not just on the costs in time and labor to produce. The arguments
and assumptions made by the members of the Cambridge team in the case for choosing a penetration
pricing strategy are erroneous. As research of value–based pricing strategies indicates, the greater
the value delivered by a given application or element of intellectual property, the higher the level of
value and corresponding price that can be attained (Bala, Carr, 2009). This first foundational
element of pricing needs to guide Cambridge's decision of which application to offer and at what
price. Second, enterprise software in highly specific niches or areas of the market trend to be more
inelastic to

Essay on Critique Analysis of Crafting Strategy
A Critical Review Of Crafting Strategy – Henry Mintzberg Table Of Contents Introduction
............................................................................................. 2 Wider Debate Of Strategy
.................................................................. 2 Placing The Article In The Wider
Debate.................................... 4 Strengths & Weaknesses of the article......................................... 4
Conclusion................................................................................................. 6
References................................................................................................. 7 1
Introduction This essay will critically evaluate the article "Crafting ... Show more content on
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Linear strategy agrees with Ansoff (1987) about focusing on future planning. Adaptive strategy
includes goal setting and planning and looks at how strategy can form in unpredictable
environments. Interpretive strategy uses frames as references that make 2 it possible for the
stakeholders to understand the organisation and its environment. (Andrews, 1980) In the article
Mintzberg (1984, pp. 66) argues that companies are incorrectly planning strategy through rationale
control, the analysis of competitors and markets, and of companies strengths and weaknesses, and
combining all of this information to create their "full–blown strategies". Inkpen & Choudhury
(1995) believed that organisations that relied on strict set routines and focused on consistency would
then be unable to become innovative and be able to experiment. Chandler (1977) believes strategy is
about using the necessary recourses so the organizations are able to carry out their long–term goals
and aims. Which relates to Johnson (1987, pp. 4–5) who states, "Strategic decisions occur at many
levels of managerial activity and will be concerned with the long–term direction". Mintzberg (1984,
pp. 69) suggests "the notion strategy is something that should happen way up there far removed
from the details of running an organisation on a daily basis and is one of the great fallacies of
conventional strategic

Investigating the Extent to Which Historians Can Be Objective
Investigating the Extent to Which Historians Can Be Objective
'You have reckoned that history ought to judge the past and to instruct the contemporary world as to
the future. The present attempt does not yield to that high office. It will merely tell you how it really
was' – Leopold Von Ranke
'There are no facts, only interpretations' – Nietzsche
Here we encounter two diametrically opposed views concerning objectivity. It can be argued that
"true" objectivity cannot exist, as history is more exposed to differing interpretations than any other
discipline and to be "factual", dispassionate or truly objective would be at best unrealistic and at
worst impossible. Historians, in their selective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even their personal writing style might mirror this. Also, historians have been known to be
deliberately selective about which facts they present and which they don't. It could be argued that
facts in history are never "pure" – they come to us distorted, refracted by the writers' own
interpretation. This means that the reader must in turn also be selective, critical and analytical about
the "facts" presented to them. The readers' own understanding is formed by their own political,
ideological or moral consciousness.
Leopold Von Ranke advocated historical objectivity. His approach was to avoid applying the spirit,
modes of thought, wisdom and beliefs of the present to the events of the past – this is known as
historicism and was pioneered by Giovanni Battista Vico – by only using contemporary accounts
and records. His tagline became Wei es eigentlich gewesen (How it actually happened). Ranke
distrusted historical textbooks, and argued that primary rather than secondary sources should be
used. Arthur Marwick has slightly similar views regarding the nature of source material, also
drawing a distinction between primary and secondary sources. To him, primary sources carry the
most authority and historical value. He does not altogether rule out secondary sources, but argues
that as these are "filtered" through other writers, their objectivity suffers and are therefore less
reliable /

How Children Acquire Aggressive Reponses
Childhood Aggression
Many studies found frustration, various drugs, beliefs, traits and provocation are some influences
that effect childhood aggression. Archer (1991) concentrated on biological influence such as
norepinephrine, serotonin, cortisol and testosterone. This brief will focus on several theories that
elevate aggression and can be positively modified by family and environment. Aggression was
defined by Volavka & Citrome (1999) as, a physical behaviour that causes psychological or physical
harm or damage to objects or living beings. Aggression is often divided into two types one being
instrumental, or proactive aggression and is pre–meditated and frequently goal–directed resulting
from a lack of emotional sensitivity. In contrast, reactive aggression stems from excess emotional
sensitivity and is developed through negative experiences and emotions including anger and anxiety
(Tremblay et al., 2005).
According to (Bandura, 1983, 2001; Mischel, 1973; Mischel & Shoda, 1995), children acquire
aggressive responses; either by observing others or by direct experience and this is similar to how
they learn any form of social behaviour. Bandura (1983) examined this social learning theory and
explained how the observational learning processes and modelling the behaviour of others can
escalate the acquisition of aggressive behaviours by children in certain situations. This theory is
closely associated to Huesmann's (1986, 1998) script theory. Huesmann (1986, 1998)

Winnie The Pooh Friendship Theme
"Winnie–The–Pooh" is a collection of tales about the adventures of Pooh and all his friends. This
book is written like a narrative in which the author is the narrator. The collection of chapters do not
all go along with one another and can be read separately without any particular order. This book
starts off with the story about how Pooh was previously known as Edward Bear until he wanted a
new name in which Christopher Robin, his owner, came up with the name Winnie–The–Pooh. The
name Pooh came from a swam Christopher Robin had once before. After Pooh's introduction the
book goes on to talk about all the adventures Pooh went on throughout his life. One chapter talks
about Pooh going through the trouble of sneaking honey from the bees by using ... Show more
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All throughout the book Pooh is never embarking on journeys alone. He is always accompanied by a
companion, whether it was Christopher Robin, Piglet, Eeyore, or the Rabbit. One of the most
prominent relationships was between Pooh and Christopher Robin. At the end of some of the
chapters, Christopher Robin is telling the narrator he was going to take a bath. He never manages to
leave Pooh behind as "he picks him up by the leg, and walked up the stairs trailing Pooh behind him
going bump, bump, bump up the stairs" (pg. 21 & 161). Pooh wasn't just any old bear to Christopher
Robin. Christopher adored Pooh and treated him as if he was real. He wanted the narrator to re–tell
these stories for Pooh and tell him about their different adventures. Not only was this evident
throughout the story, but also through the illustrations. Each illustration has a scene with Pooh and at
least one other character showing their closeness. Children can relate to that one stuffed animal that
they took everywhere with them. This is almost like one of the first friendships a child has.
Although it is with a stuffed animal, the reader is able to get the sense of how much Pooh means to
Christopher. Making and keeping friends is not always easy and in middle school this can be
especially difficult. This would be a good lesson to teach them the

Examples Of Allusions In Romeo And Juliet
7. Allusions
Alcott quotes Mercutio's dying words from Romeo and Juliet, "'Tis not so deep as a well nor so wide
as a church door, but tis enough'" (3). She alludes to them because although John's wounds are not
especially large, they have caused enough pain and harm to bring him to his final fate. Her allusion
to Shakespeare also contributes to the idea that she finds this soldier's death tragic, just as Romeo
and Juliet's story. Alcott also alludes to God as she explains how John "received the order of the
Divine Commander to march with the same unquestioning obedience with which the soldier had
received the human one" (3). Her words incorporate a spiritual perspective to her piece and give
readers a sense of hope for John. Her allusion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He refers to Professor E. H. Carr, author of What is History? because of his ideas regarding ultimate
causation (3). His ideas explore inheriting the final responsibility for some result where there are
several contributing factors. Hitchens' allusion to Professor Carr makes his proceeding analogy,
where he explores the causation of a car crash and compares it to Mark Daily' s death, more solid
because a "brilliant" author used the same basis of ideas in his own book. Furthermore, the allusion
gives Hitchens more credibility. It puts enough at stake that readers do not even care who or what is
at fault for Mark's death, but respect him regardless. Hitchens concludes his essay with an allusion
to George Orwell. He explains to readers that the similarities between Orwell and Daily "verge on
the eerie" (6). Hitchens views both of them as people aware of the social injustice in the world. He
also acknowledges that both, while aware of the violence and injustice associated with wars, could
also see the "liberty and justice were actually real" (7). From the allusion to George Orwell, readers
gather the true importance and character Daily holds in the world. The comparison to Orwell, a
respectable author, speaks well for Daily's character, demanding respect for him as

Project Management Plan For Projects Essay
Project Procurement Management
Name: Artemus Brown
American Military University
1.1. Project management plan
Project management plays a vital part in planning and determining the project 's directions and it
likewise guarantees that project can be executed on budget, on time and meet organization 's
requirements. (Bernard & David, 2003) Thus, clear vision, plan and strategy ought to be resolved to
know that project ought to be controlled (Holland, 1999).
The project management plan should obviously clear up how the craved objectives can be
accomplished. There are three frequently interrelated and contending objectives in project
management that ought to be met: Cost, scope and time. (Bhatti, 2005)
The projects are constantly assessed in light of the accomplishment of particular objectives, to be
specific; cost, time spent and scope. So higher level of responsibility of these triple requirements is
considered as project management's essential elements of project management, which implies
adjusting trade–offs in the middle of cost and time, furthermore, performance while in the long run
fulfilling the clients. (Erik & Clifford, 2011)
Manager of the project ought to contemplate the realistic way of triple constrains. For example, if
the timelines are very tight and the project scope is very large it will be difficult to reach the
expected and desired result. As a result, the manager of the project continually settles on tradeoff
choices among these three

Essay about Anticipatory Grief
Grief is a universal reaction experienced by all of us at some time in our lives. The capacity that
makes each of us capable of warm, satisfying relationships also leaves us vulnerable to sadness,
despair, and grief when such relationships are disrupted (Carr, 1969). Regardless of the actual
relationship that might have existed prior to the death, we have the tendency to idealize the
relationship once death has occurred and we expect expressions of normal grief. Unfortunately,
"normal grief' is what society expects, but the needs of the individual prerequisites putting a label on
grief. Because society influences our behavior through the secondary reinforcement of social
approval during this time, we are not looking at the primary ... Show more content on
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When examining whether anticipatory grief hinders conventional grief, Clayton, Halikas, Maurice,
and Robbins (1973) found more depressive symptoms in the first month of bereavement in women
who had experienced anticipatory grief. This would coincide with the theory of learned helplessness.
If we cannot control our environment (death of a loved one) then we are at the mercy of the
environment. For this reason there is no contingency between our response and the consequences.
This leads to associative, motivational, and emotional deficits. The individual has no motive for
anything, is under extreme stress, and becomes depressed, all leading to learned helplessness. In
other words, our world has turned upside down and we have no control over it. Researchers also
found that after one year these widows were no better off than widows who lacked such preparation.
In a study done by Gilliland and Fleming (1998), three groups of spouses, were looked at to see if
anticipatory grief and conventional grief were similar. The groups consisted of group one –
Palliative Care Group (PCG), spouses of the terminally–ill, a control group (CG) consisting of
individuals with healthy spouses to account for the level of grief symptoms associated with stress
and loss in a normative sample. The second control group, a chronic care group (CCG) was

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental
disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) published in 2013
(Kress & Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two
types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted,
repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM–5 merged all autism
disorders into one diagnosis of ASD. Before this publication, they were organized as distinct
subtypes, which included autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive
developmental disorder–not otherwise specified (PDD–NOS) and Asperger syndrome (Kress &
Paylo, 2015).
The Current Understanding of Disorder and Causes
Autism may be connected to early brain development but notable signs and symptoms of the
disorder have the propensity to manifest around 1–3 years old (APA, 2013). This disorder can at
times be linked to intellectual disability, motor coordination and attention difficulties as well as
physical health issues including sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances (CITE).
Researchers have found that ASD appears to follow two likely developmental courses, the first
development being a gradual progression, parents describe growing or potential concerns in
development over the first two years of life and diagnosis is made around 3–4 years old. Potential
early

A Case for Student Communication in Online Classes
Read–only participants: a case for student communication in online classes L. Nagela*, A.S.
Blignautb and J.C. Cronje´ c aUniversity of Pretoria, South Africa; bNorth–West University, South
Africa; cCape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa (Received 5 April 2007; final
version received 25 May 2007) The establishment of an online community is widely held as the
most important prerequisite for successful course completion and depends on an interaction between
a peer group and a facilitator. Beaudoin reasoned that online students sometimes engage and learn
even when not taking part in online discussions. The context of this study was an online course on
web–based education for a Masters degree in computer–integrated ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Clark and Feldon (2005) concluded that a facilitator who participates and interacts with students
prevents them from abandoning their course. Better cognitive outcomes occur when students engage
and form a virtual community of learners. The development of a community depends on online
interaction with their peers and the facilitator. Learner satisfaction, perseverance, and cognitive
outcomes characterize the formation of a virtual learning community. Some contest participation as
a prerequisite to learning, claiming students learn sufficiently by observation (Beaudoin, 2002;
Sutton, 2001), and lobby for leniency towards lurking or read–only participation. This article
responds to Beaudoin's (2002) article ''Learning or lurking? Tracking the 'invisible' online student.''
He reasoned that students sometimes engage and learn even when not taking part in online
discussions with faculty and other students and showed that low profile students: spend a significant
amount of time in learning–related tasks, including logging on, even when not visibly participating,
and they feel they are still learning and benefiting from this low–profile approach to their online
studies. (p. 147) We investigated the importance of student online ''visibility'' apparent in the
quantity and quality of participation. We explored as a case study the successful completion of a
postgraduate online course by asking the following research questions. (1) How did online

H-E-B Central Market Management Theory Analysis
Introduction of the Organization In 1994, the current President of H–E–B grocery– Charles Butt–
opened the first Central Market. The store was located in Austin. Mr. Butt reached out to John
Campbell an employee who had been with the company for over thirty years. Campbell started out
at H–E–B as a cashier and moved up the ranks to become an Innovation Officer at HEB. Central
market is a division under HEB Grocery which operates independently. The store remains privately
owned by the Butt family and is not traded openly on the stock market. The store was called an
"amusement park for food lovers". The store took concepts from European food markets and
brought them to Central Market. The store became very popular in Austin, Texas, and ... Show more
At Central Market leaders encourage creativity by building a fun work environment. When the word
job comes to mind thoughts of obligation and meaningless tasks might come to mind. At Central
Market employees or "Partners" are working in an environment that allows for innovation and space
to grow. This is all because at Central Market the corporate structure is different from that of other
major corporations. Corporate plans are not passed down the corporate structure. Plans are created
in store by managers of the different departments. This corporate strategy gives managers at the
store plenty of room to research and develop new successful plans on their own. Managers at
Central Market take pride in their work, because it is something they have created. Central Market
leaders inspire Partners to find their own solutions through the training that is provided in the
company. The training will be discussed later on in depth, but simply put it is extensive and educates
Partners on the day to day operations of the company. Also at Central Market research and
development is acceptable which allows space to innovate. Leadership takes place throughout the
corporate structure at Central Market. The department managers are allowed to create their own
plans. The managers at the store are responsible for the success or failure of their plans. This
provides managers at the store with

Support Group For East Asian Students
Support Group for East and South East Asian Students in Counseling Program
Ya–Chen Tsai
University of North Texas
Support Group for East and South East Asian Students in Counseling Program According to U.S.
Census Bureau (n.d.), East and Southeast Asian Americans is largely a result of the huge influx of
immigrants from Asia, it stood at nearly ten million of the total U.S. population and nearly seven out
of ten Asian Americans were born in Asia. One out of ten people living in the United States will be
able to trace the ancestry in part or in full to Asian countries by 2050. This group is comparatively
new to other immigration groups and have experienced strong oppressions such as anti–Asian
sentiment, Immigration Act of 1924, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the value of students from this background, such as second generation immigrants and
international students, is not always acknowledged or appreciated (Peterson, Briggs, Dreasher,
Horner, & Nelson, 1999). In addition to acculturative stress, they often encounter serious language,
financial, psychological, and institutional barriers while in the school and receive very limited
support (Mori, 2000). However, students from East and Southeast Asia have wealth of experiences,
opinions, and cultural traditions that could contribute and expand the eyesight in both research and
teaching, as well as the potential to enrich the university community (Delgado–Romero & Wu,
2010).
Social justice work with clients is valued by counseling programs; however, the unjust social
dynamics of their own students is replicated. Even though counseling programs often promote that
they value diversity, multiculturalism, and social justice, students from East and Southeast Asia still
face additional barriers, such as cultural value conflict with clients and Western theoretical
approaches, and cross–cultural supervision issues (Delgado–Romero & Wu, 2010).
According to Dipeolu, Jinhee, & Cooper (2007), support group treatment offers many advantages
and can enhance the health and sense of well–being. There are several reasons that support group
can beneficial those students. Firstly, group provides supportive context for students to discuss
adjustment concerns and further

Should Underage Consumption Be Legal?
MILLERSBURG – It took only about an hour in court Wednesday morning for justice to be meted
out for more than half of the 73 young people arrested Saturday night at a massive Amish party.
A total of 38 adults, ranging in age from 18–20, were charged with underage consumption of alcohol
in Holmes County Municipal Court, where all appeared Wednesday. Underage consumption is a
first–degree misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a $1,000 fine.
All entered pleas of not guilty or no contest and each was sentenced by visiting Judge Michael
Nunner to a $250 fine, court costs and 10 days in jail, suspended pending they have no further
violations of law before turning 21 years old.
It was a sentence recommended by the Holmes County Prosecutor 's Office and is consistent with
sentences handed down in similar cases, said Prosecutor Steve Knowling, noting, "Whether they 're
Amish, English, or Chinese, we 're going to have the same approach for everybody."
He said his office has yet to review charges against 35 juveniles also arrested at the party and any
information that would substantiate charging the owner of the property on which the party was held.
With respect to the latter, he said, his office will likely have to determine if the matter is one better
pursued criminally or civilly, much in the same way the county has used nuisance ordinances to
address noisy race tracks.
It 's a bit of a challenge in an are that lacks countywide zoning or a permitting process for

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Structural Family Therapy
Structural Family Therapy (SFT) is an approach used in family therapy settings. In every family
there are both strengths and weaknesses in how the family functions, this type of therapy focuses on
the ability of families to move forward any dysfunctional issues they can encounter. In every family
there has to be structure, a way of doing things, who is in charge and yet still be able to adapt to
change when it is necessary or problems begin to occur, in order to repair and alter issues of
dysfunction and reposition family boundaries, many therapists who use the structural family
approach have the belief that the problems the family is experiencing "emerge in families when their
boundaries (that define structures) are not clear and when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The foundation of the structural approach is "to challenge the family organization, which leads to
symptom reduction because a new structure develops in the family–one with more functional
interactional patterns" (Reiter, 2016). It comes down to focusing on what is the cause of the problem
and what needs to be done to resolve it. Some assumptions that are related to this theory can include
families normally related to one another in "patterned ways that are observable and predictable"
(Linblad–Goldberg & Northey, 2013), most families have rules that each must follow and roles they
are to play in the family unit, when they get off balance then dysfunction can and normally does
occur. It is important that families have boundaries which include both inside and outside of the
family. Families also have subsystems which can be based on either generation or genders. The
structural approach can also be viewed as an art form, as the therapist takes on the role of the artist
and the family can be considered his/her canvas. As an artist, they can go into the family like they
were a member, and they can "move, react, challenge and probe" (Lee

The Recruitment Process & Methods
1. Introduction
The purpose of this academic assignment is to prepare a portfolio of documents that will illustrate
examples of most effectively practiced recruitment methods. Several documents that best reflected
efficient internal and external recruitment methods, productive interview design structures, useful
tests used in the selection process of recruitment and effective induction procedures were compiled.
The portfolio of documents will then be analyzed and examined so as to provide an in–depth
understanding on the usefulness and importance of such recruitment methods on the recruitment
process.
Upon analysis and examination of the aforementioned documents, several suggestions to improve
and enhance the already effective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, this specific aptitude test is effective as there is test reliability and validity (Bambach,
2010).
2.7. Personality Tests
Appendix F demonstrates the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality test. This test allows
recruiter to assess whether a candidate is Extraverted or Introverted, Sensitive or Intuitive, more
prone to Think or Feel and whether the candidate is more Perceptive or Judging. Such is effective as
the employer will be able to determine whether the personality of the candidate is suitable with the
job description of the vacant position and with the organizational culture of the company (McShane
& Travaglione, 2007).
Appendix G illustrates the Big Five Personality Test. Similarly to the MBTI, the Big Five
Personality Test allows a recruiter to effectively determine the suitability of a potential candidate by
scoring the candidate's level of extroversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and
openness (McShane & Travaglione, 2007).
2.8. Effective Induction Procedures
Appendix H provides a very concise, informative and detailed induction schedule. This induction
schedule will serve as a very effective work procedure as it includes careful planning, introducing
the new employee to the company, supervised induction programme, meeting with Human
Resources to clarify employment conditions,

A Critical Review of "The Fall and Rise of Strategic...
Contents
Page Introduction Placing the article in wider literature debate Underlying theoretical assumptions
Strengths and Weaknesses Concluding remarks References 2 2 3 4 5 6
Introduction In today's modern society shaped by economic and social challenges, business
strategy has never been more important. A rethink of theoretical management practices is
'fundamental' to establishing innovative strategic design to cope with these challenges. (Hahn et al,
2010). This is not a new idea, in fact, in 2009, Guerrera challenged Michael Porter's underlying
premise that businesses are there to make money while Figge and Hahn (2008) go as far as to accuse
such strategies of 'aggravating' the current economic situation. Henry Mintzberg's ... Show more
They conclude that 'meaning, compromising perspective, knowledge, and learning, underlies action.'
[p88] It is evident that this debate will continue to grow in interest and relevance in a modern, global
society and it is important to look at the underlying premise behind Mintzberg's conviction.
Underlying premise Mintzberg's underlying assumption is that businesses must learn which
opportunities are available in the current and future environments and to do this, strategy must be
developed by managers at the operational level: 'built from occasional nuggets they uncover'[p111]
and not by senior managers and analysts in an ivory tower looking backwards at past data. Birger
Wernerfelt, (1984) illustrates an organisation driven, resource based view of strategy in which firms
can influence the environment in which they operate. Wernerfelt argues that firms must first
understand their organisation and develop ways to shape their business surroundings accordingly.
On the other side of this learning debate, Porter (1985) presents a positioning approach where the
role of the strategist is to identify the external forces of the environment (Competitive forces Model:
Porter, 1979) and find a unique and valuable position in which the firm can flourish. As is typical in
organisational strategy, nothing is clear cut and indeed Mintzberg's article draws parallels with both
Wernerfelt and Porter. In this article, he argues that organisations must learn which opportunities are

Accuracy Of The And How Fast A Person Can Complete A...
Speed–Accuracy Tradeoff in Mathematics
Unjanee' Wright
Wright State University
Psychology 3020L–05
TA: Joseph Glavan The purpose of this study is to determine how accurate, and how fast a person
can complete a certain amount of math problems within only a few mins; then, determine how this
relates to stress. It is important to see how much mathematics a student knows, and how the pressure
affects them. Doing this study could decrease students' anxiety levels when it comes to taking a
mathematics test in a timely manner.
Stress is defined as your body's way of responding to any kind of demand, or the feelings we have
when under pressure. Speed–Accuracy Tradeoff is defined as taking your time and only making a
few errors, or responding quickly and making more errors. In the manuscript, I will be discussing
why I am conducting this study. I will discuss previous studies that has already been done, and how
my current study relates to the previous studies. I will be discussing the methods and procedures
used for my study, and the results after conducting my study. I will also provide a discussion of my
study as well as the implications.
Literature Review Ashcraft and Krause (2007) examined if math anxiety has something to do with a
decline in math performance. The researchers collected scores from eighty undergraduates on a
math–anxiety test, and a standard math achievement test. The two tests were compared, but the
standard math achievement test was rescored by a

Bob Anderson Research Paper
Bob is a male nickname or occasionally a given name, most common in English speaking countries
such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. It
most likely originated from the nickname Rob, short for Robert. Rhyming names were popular in
the Middle Ages, so Richard became Rick, Hick, or Dick, William became Will or Bill, and Robert
became Rob, Hob, Dob, Nob, or Bob.[1][2]
While it is impossible to count the popularity of Bob as a nickname, in 1960 nearly 3,000 babies in
the United States were given the name Bob compared to fewer than 50 in 2000.[3]
Politicians and businessmen[edit]
Bob Anderson (politician) (born 1939), former member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
Bob Arum (born 1931), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bob Hawke (born 1929), former Prime Minister of Australia
Bob Huff (born 1953), current California State Senator
Bob Johnson (Arkansas state representative), member of the Arkansas House of Representatives
Bob Johnson (politician) (born 1962), member of the Arkansas General Assembly
Bob Jones (businessman) (born 1939), New Zealand businessman and politician
Bob Jones (police commissioner) (1955–2014), British politician
Bob Jones (Texas businessman), American businessman and convicted criminal
Bob Katter (born 1945), Australian politician
Bob Kerrey (born 1943), American former governor and senator
Bob Kilger (born 1944), former Canadian MP from Ontario
Bob Kiley (born 1935), American–born London transit commissioner
Bob Kirkwood (born 1939), American environmentalist and businessman who is a member of the
Sierra Nevada Conservancy
Bob Kiss (born 1947), former Mayor of Burlington, Vermont
Bob Latta (born 1956), US Representative from Ohio
Bob Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart (born 1936), former British MP for Caithness,
Sutherland, and Easter Ross
Bob McDonnell (born 1954), American former governor
Bob McEwen (born 1950), former member of the US House of Representatives from Ohio
Bob McLeod (politician) (born 1952), Premier of the Northwest

Technology And Technology
With technology giving us better methods of communication, modernized education and immediate
answers to our every question, we use it on a daily basis with little comprehension of what is does to
us; but is there a price to pay for that? As the Internet progressively becomes our primary source of
information and the use of technology continues to increase, it is speculated that our neurological
processes are changing. Although smartphones and other related mobile devices are seen as
influential and efficient, it is now thought that these devices have a lasting negative impact on our
ability to process information, think critically, remember clearly, and mostly, pay attention. With this
new digital lifestyle making it difficult to stay focused on one thing at a time, the human attention
span has shortened greatly in the last decade (Borreli). In his essay, "Is Google Making Us Stupid",
Nicholas Carr uses anecdotes, personal examples, and scientific studies to make the point that the
Internet is affecting our critical thinking skills and ability to process information. In expansion from
the argument that Carr makes to prove that the Internet is affecting certain mental abilities, it is
important to question if and how technology and the Internet are also negatively impacting our
attention spans.
As the population evolves to rely on a mobile Internet for most of their information, it is evident that
many of our neurological processes are also changing.

International Relations : A Important Form Of Relationship
International Relations is a very important form of relationship in world politics today. So far as the
world is made up of individuals, states, countries and various cultures there will also be a form of
interactions with one another thereby leading to International Relations. Over the years,
International Relations has been governed by two major theories. These theories are known as
Idealism and Realism. In addition, theories are very important in international relations this is
because theories are made to have contributions and solutions to world issues. Also, Theories can be
defined as the development of series of statements about rational behaviour based upon a dominant
motive such as Power; such theory provides a description of the political behaviour of rational
actors. (Akinboye & Ottoh, 2005:53). Theories are also seen as a set of norms or values indicating
how political actor ought to behave. The essence of theory for realism and idealism is to show their
views on International Relations Issues. These two approaches have been seen as competing
traditional approaches, furthermore, each of these approaches wants to be recognised as the major
and sound approach to the study of International Relations (Dinesh). Each of these theories has its
particular views on International Relations therefore believing they can explain and understand,
International Relations. Idealism also known as Liberalism is a theory of International that majorly
believe that the interactions

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental
disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) published in 2013
(Kress & Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two
types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted,
repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM–5 merged all autism
disorders into one diagnosis of ASD. Before this publication, they were organized as distinct
subtypes, which included autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive
developmental disorder–not otherwise specified (PDD–NOS) and Asperger syndrome (Kress &
Paylo, 2015).
The Current Understanding of Disorder and Causes
Autism may be connected to early brain development but notable signs and symptoms of the
disorder have the propensity to manifest around 1–3 years old (APA, 2013). This disorder can at
times be linked to intellectual disability, motor coordination and attention difficulties as well as
physical health issues including sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances (Ji & Findling, 2015).
Researchers have found that ASD appears to follow two likely developmental courses, the first
development being a gradual progression, parents describe growing or potential concerns in
development over the first two years of life and diagnosis is made around 3–4 years old. Potential
early signifiers

A Familiar History : Corporate History And Employee...
A familiar history: Corporate history and employee identification in family firms
Badr Hadrioui (# 9761519)
Mark Bellison lives in an alternate world where people haven't developed the ability to lie and are
thus unacquainted with fibs, noble lies, white lies, deceit, half–truths, and all sorts of dishonesty. In
a world free of falsehoods, fiction is impossible and thus the entire movie industry consists in
history lectures and depressingly blunt commercials. This is the premise of the 2009 movie The
Invention of Lying. The assumption made in this movie, however, is that history is an objective and
accurate rendition of the past. Most historians would disagree and argue that history is always an
interpretation of the past (Carr, 1961; Kieser, 1994), and organizations are well aware of this.
Wrigley, Coca Cola, Wells Fargo, Ben & Jerry's, and MolsonCoors, for example, have all
"interpreted" their past by glorifying their success and glossing over the more awkward and
embarrassing events. This practice of showcasing organizational history in the best possible light is
a potent form of storytelling and serves as a rhetorical tool to persuade relevant stakeholders (Ooi,
2002; Suddaby, Foster, & Trank, 2010). It comes as no surprise, then, that most organizations
narrate their history, be it through corporate anniversaries, museums, or publications (Delahaye,
Booth, Clark, Procter, & Rowlinson, 2009; Nissley & Casey, 2002). This is true for all types
organizations, even (and

An Experimental Approach And Avoidance Motivation Essay
References:
Anderson, K. J., & Anderson, K. J. (2016). Mobile app recommendations: travel apps. Library Hi
Tech News, 33(6), 16–18.
Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. (2012). Approach and avoidance motivation: investigating hedonic
consumption in a retail setting. Journal of Retailing, 88(3), 399–411.
Baker, J., Levy, M., & Grewal, D. (1992). An experimental approach to making retail store
environmental decisions. Journal of Retailing, 68(4), 445–461.
Baker, M. A., Baker & Magnini, V. P. (2016). The evolution of services marketing, hospitality
marketing and building the constituency model for hospitality marketing. International Journal of
Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(8), 1510–1534.
Baron, R. A. (1990). Lighting as a source of positive affect. Progressive Architecture, 71, 123–124.
Batra, A. (2015). An Examination of the Role of Restaurant Attributes on Patrons Dining Experience
and Their Post–Purchase Intentions. International Tourism and Hospitality in the Digital Age, 125.
Berman, B., & Evans, J. R. (1995). Retail management: A strategic approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ
: Prentice Hall.
Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and
employees. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57–71.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Chang, J. C. (2016). The Impact of Servicescape on Quality Perception and Customers ' Behavioural
Intentions. Advances in Management and Applied Economics,

Critical Analysis Of E. H. Carr
What is History? This is the question posed by historian E.H. Carr in his study of historiography.
Carr debates the ongoing argument which historians have challenged for years, on the possibility
that history could be neutral. In his book he discusses the link between historical facts and the
historians themselves. Carr argues that history cannot be objective or unbiased, as for it to become
history, knowledge of the past has been processed by the historian through interpretation and
evaluation. He argues that it is the necessary interpretations which mean personal biases whether
intentional or not, define what we see as history. A main point of the chapter is that historians select
the facts they think are significant which ultimately ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Carr rebuts this, as he states that 'the belief in a hard core of historical facts existing
objectively and independently of the interpretation of the historian is a preposterous fallacy, but one
which it is very hard to eradicate.' This statement explains the misconception that history is made up
entirely of facts without the interference of opinion and biases. Carr's argument is that for facts to
become historical facts they must be interpreted and analyzed by the historian. This requires the
process of selecting facts, evaluating and interpreting them, which inevitable will contain certain
elements of personal prejudices. It is based on this reasoning which he therefore claims that facts
can only become historical once they have been selected by a historian and this is what makes them
significant. He therefore questions the extent to which a historian could be objective as experience
could affect what we perceive as being important, meaning that historians are determining what the
facts of the past are according to the own biases and agendas, whether they are consciously or
unconsciously aware. Hence emphasising Carr's point that history is an interpretation. He uses
several examples to explain this for example it was the historian that decided Caesar crossing the
Rubicon was a significant event whilst ignoring the many others that crossed it before and after him.
Thus,

A Description Of Geographically Weighted Regression
Dr. Rogerson
1. Give a brief description of geographically weighted regression (as if you were preparing a 20–
minute introduction to the method for a class). In your description, be sure to describe the method
itself, parameter estimation, and an explanation on how it is different from ordinary least squares.
Provide a list of papers that have used the method (perhaps 10 or so papers, but it could be longer, or
(slightly) shorter. Finally, describe possible disadvantages or drawbacks of the method, citing
literature where possible.
Introduction
In spatial analysis, the aim is often to identify the natural relationship between pairs of variables.
And the most common type of analysis used to achieve this aim is regression (Fotheringham &
Rogerson, 2009, p. 243). In a conventional linear regression model, we use a single equation to
assess the overall relationships between a single dependent and more independent variables across
space. An important assumption underlying this approach is that the relationships of interest are
stationary or homogeneous over space (Fotheringham & Charlton, 1998). So, the parameter
estimates from the regression model are constant over space (Fotheringham & Rogerson, 2009, p.
244). Relationships which exhibit spatial nonstationarity (or heterogeneity) will create the problem
for the interpretation of parameter estimates from a linear regression model (Fotheringham &
Charlton, 1998). To address this issue, Dr. Brunsdaon et al., (1996) developed a

Annotated Bibliography
References:
Alleck, W., Glass, K., & Macdonald, M. E. (2012). The Limitations of Language: Male Participants,
Stoicism, and the Qualiative Research Interview. American Journal of Men's Health , 155 – 162.
American Association Marriage and Family Therapy. (2015). American Association Marriage and
Family Therapy. Retrieved from American Association Marriage and Family Therapy:
www.aamft.org
Bhattacharyya, A., & Cummings, L. (2015). Measuring Corporate Environmental Performance –
Stakeholder Engagement Evaluation. Business Strategy and the Evironment , 309 – 325.
Brewis, J. (2014). The Ethics of Researching Friends: On Convenience Sampling in Qualitative
Management and Organization Studies. Metodology Corner , 849 – 862.
Campbell, S. (2014). What ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2013). Qualitative Interviewing. Field–work Realities , 49 – 61.
Morawska, A., Sanders, M., Goadby, E., Headley, C. H., McAuliffe, C., Pope, S., et al. (2011). Is the
Tripe P–Positive Parenting Program Acceptable to Parents in Culturally Diverse Backgrounds? J
Child Fam Stud , 614 – 622.
Mytton, J., Ingram, J., Manns, S., & Thomas, J. (2014). Facilitators and Barriers to Engagement in
Parernting Programs: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Health Education and Behavior , 127 – 137.
Palinkas, L., Horwitz, S., Green, C., Wisdom, J., & Duane, N. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for A
Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research.
Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research , 533 – 544.
Taut, S. (2008). What Have We Learned About Stakeholder Involvement in Program Evaluation.
Studies in Educational Evaluation , 224 – 230.
Thomas, E., & Magilvy, J. (2011). Qualitive Rigor or Research Validity in Qualitative Research.
Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing , 151 – 155.
United State Census Bureau. (n.d.). United State Census Bureau. Retrieved from United State
Census Bureau:

Project Management Paper-Mgt 437
Project Management Paper
Manuel Angel Cortez
University of Phoenix
Project Management Paper
Organizations leaders are facing difficult challenges because of the rapid changes in government and
technology, which has created pressure in organizations. The aforementioned changes have made
way for a new type of management; project management, far different from the traditional structure
for managing. This document will describe the definition of a project. The paper will also touch
basis on the basic phases of the project life cycle and their purposes, and why it is important for
organizations to use project management to accomplish tasks.
Project Definition A project can be defined as a "temporary endeavor undertaken to create a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Importance for Organizations to use Project Management to Accomplish Tasks The use of project
management to accomplish any task for an organization is important. On time and at cost, project
managers are valuable assets to an organization. "Most of the time a project manager is a project
owner. He or she is responsible for the leadership of the project from inception to completion. The
project manager leads the team and helps negotiate the multiple relationships within any project"
(Carr, 2010). Having a project manager within an organization can have many benefits. A project
manager can benefit an organization by identifying responsibilities, reducing the need for
unnecessary reports, measuring the accomplishments against plans, and knowing when all
objectives will be met or exceeded (Krezner, 2006). Conclusion The traditional approach to project
management is to identify where he or she is right now, and what he or she is trying to accomplish,
and the steps needed to take to arrive where he or she wants to be. Project management is the
process of activities or tasks that lead to the successful completion of a project. Carrying out a
simple project that involves two or three individuals or one that involves a mix of individuals, tasks,
and organizations is a big difference. If an individual has an unlimited amount of money and time,
project

High Rate Of Acute Rheumatic Heart Disease Essay
Health is a complex and developing concept moving away from a mere understanding of the
absence of illness and infirmity to a more holistic view. Therefore as society has changed rapidly
over the last century, there has also been a shift in the burden of disease universally. These factors
that are now playing the big roles in causation of disease have changed from biological to social. It
has become increasingly clear that the components that lead to poor health outcomes are complex
and multidirectional. To understand the reasons behind the high rate of acute rheumatic heart disease
in NZ the traditional biomedical model must be dismissed and instead evaluate how instead the
social models can give an understanding of why this is. The biomedical model (BM) has a focus on
having optimal physical health in individuals. This model has a central goal of returning patients to
health prior to their condition; therefore a focal point of the model is on diagnosis and treatment
(Engel, 1977). The BM looks for direct cause and effect relationships of illness, known as the germ
theory where every that states that all diseases (Morrison, 2012) are caused by a pathogen. It
assumes that there is a linear and not multidirectional relationship, not acknowledging the full extent
the components of many illnesses (Borrell–Carrio, 2004). It looks at health with a narrow perception
of only the proximal causes, rather than the abstract notion that the word health actually entails –
which is

A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United...
A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America
Liberty University
A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America This document will
provide a brief comparison and synopsis of some of the most important writings of our time: The
Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists, and the U.S.
Constitution. Also, this will be an analysis of what I believe the signers of the Declaration of
Independence and the U.S. Constitution thought about the separation of church and state, as well as
God from government. The Declaration of Independence was written on July 4, 1776 by Thomas
Jefferson. Its purpose was to officially separate the colonies from Great Britain ... Show more
I tried defining specific things in the Constitution such as 'secure blessings of liberty (Delegates,
2015).' Secure can mean to make something stay where it is; to stay put. A blessing is something
that can be good provided by a higher being (God) and liberty means freedom. Therefore 'secure
blessings of liberty' means to make sure the good things we have (blessings) because of a higher
being (God) and our freedom stays put and or not taken away from us. With the above synopsis of
the three important documents, I can now really compare them all. The Declaration is a statement to
declare freedom and separate from Great Britain, listing all the horrible things the king did for the
colonies' reason to become independent, while the U.S. Constitution was written after, to be more
specific to the government and how that should be run. The Declaration was more of a broad, almost
philosphical view of what the US should be. The Constitution lays out the new government stating
there will be a Congress, President, and a Supreme Court. It further details the powers of each
branch and how each should be run. The Constitution was written by respresentatives of all the
states; however the Declaration was written by Jefferson and revised by the delegates of the 13
colonies. The letter Jefferson wrote to the Danburry Baptists sparked a debate about the separation
between church and state and what that really means. There have been many interpretations of that
over the

Objections To Realism In The Theories Of International...
Objections to Realism
Even though realism finds itself deeply rooted in a utilitarian moral framework, critics arise as to
such an outlook remains immoral (it is wrong to apply) at best. A major opponent theory is
liberalism. Dismissing that conflicts are inevitable, liberals uphold that the spread of legitimate
domestic political orders will eventually bring an end to international conflicts.[ Scott Burchill,
"Liberalism" in Theories of International Relations, ed. Scott Burchill (New York: Palgrave, 2001),
35.] This approach involves embedding notions of democracy, human rights, and free trade. As a
result, states will avoid ideology clashes and a universal state will emerge. Liberals might repudiate
realism on its utilitarian ground: its consequential nature and lack of universal moral code. In this
section, I will defend realism against some liberal criticism.
First, liberalism disapproves the consequential nature of realism, arguing that it treats human beings
as means in political games to secure state power. As Bernard Williams – whom liberals would rely
on – argued that utilitarianism requires impartiality which attacks an individual's integrity.[ Bernard
Williams, "A Critique of Utilitarianism" in Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues, ed.
Steven M. Cahn and Peter Markie (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 559.] Utilitarianism,
as William continues, neglects the fact that "practical deliberation is in every case first–personal,
and the first person is not derivative or naturally replaced by the [impersonal] anyone."[ Bernard
Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (London: Fontana, 1985), quoted in Sophie G.
Chappell, "Bernard Williams", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.
edu/archives/spr2015/entries/williams–bernard/.] Thereby, liberals endorse policies that respect
every person's integrity, prioritizing human rights to nation state's competitions of power.
A human rights–based approach, however, may backfire. Completely banishing the notion of
sovereign states might risk more deaths, a fact which compromises the liberal prospect. The 2011
U.S.–led military intervention in Libya offers an example. The intervention aimed to save lives of
peaceful

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