The document discusses global trade patterns and barriers. It provides statistics on world merchandise trade by region from 1948 to 2008. It also profiles top trading countries like India, China, Japan, and the US. The rest of the document discusses factors that influence a firm's international decisions, including product characteristics, country features, and trade policies. It describes different types of trade barriers governments impose and their economic effects. While protectionism aims to shield domestic industries, it reduces efficiency and competitiveness in the long run. Trade liberalization, on the other hand, refers to removing restrictions and incentives to promote trade between nations.