Doxey's Irritation Index describes how locals' attitudes toward tourists change as the number of tourists increases. Initially, locals are curious and welcoming of tourists when few visit. However, as tourism grows, locals see tourists as interruptions and interactions become more formal and distant. Doxey's theory suggests that increasing tourism levels inevitably lead to irritation between hosts and guests.

2. Doxey’s Irritation Index
 The most well known theory of culture shock is “
 Doxey’s Irritation Index”.
 According to Doxey’s theory, when there is no touristic
activity in the region, hosts are curious and interested in
tourists; they are welcome, delighted and excited about
tourists’ presence.
 Furthermore, it is a general phenomenon that more people
move in and out of tourism sectors.
 Moreover, when the number of tourists increases, they are
taken for granted and contact between tourists and hosts
becomes more formal and locals

4. Mathieson and Wall (1982)
 Mathieson and Wall (1982) suggested a linear five-
stage model of travel buying behaviour, which is
shown in Figure below.
 Although all the stages of tourist decision making
process are equally important, it is final stage that is
critical to securing to securing repeat visits to a
destination.
 Tourist satisfaction is evaluated against 111 tourist
expectations or benefits sought from visiting a
particular destination.

6. Stanley Plog’s model of Destination
Preferences
 Stanley Plog’s model of allocentricity and
psychocentricity, tourism’s first traveler-typology
model, was the focus of the 1974 Cornell Quarterly
article titled “Why Destination Areas Rise and Fall in
Popularity.”
 Plog’s model delineates travelers’ personality types
along a continuum that approximates a normally
distributed curve.